1. Bases Acids and

10. An acid is a proton donor A base is a proton acceptor acid base

17. Some substances, like water act like an acid sometimes and act like a base other times. Substances that can act as an acid or a base are called amphoteric.

21. Acid / Base reactions: Produce water and a salt (and sometimes carbon dioxide). Hint: concentrate on the water first. Remember, water has the formula H OH. Complete and balance the following: H Cl + K OH  H Cl + Ca( OH ) 2  H OH + KCl 2 Require equal numbers 2 H OH + CaCl 2

22. 1. Ba( OH ) 2 + H 3 PO 4  2. H C 2 H 3 O 2 + Na OH  3. H 2 SO 4 + K OH  4. H 2 CO 3 + Na OH 

26. One more reminder: “Weak” does not mean the same thing as “diluted.” HCl, for example is always a strong acid. If you add 1000 liters of water to it, it will be diluted, but still strong because what little there is will be completely dissociated.

29. Practice Questions

30. Which of these could be used to determine whether a substance is a base? A Thermometer B Litmus paper C Balance D Bunsen burner

31. An element common to all acids is – a. chlorine b. hydrogen c. oxygen d. sodium

32. The pH Scale…

33. The pH scale is a way of expressing the concentration of acids. Under 7 = acid 7 = neutral Over 7 = base

34. pH is the negative log of the H + concentration.

35. pH is the negative log of the H + concentration. What????

36. It’s easier than it sounds! If H + is…. 1 x 10 -3 pH = 3 1 x 10 -7 pH = 7 1 x 10 -12 pH = 12