Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During Anesthesia

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & RESPIRATORY FUNCTION DURING ANESTHESIA Houman Teymourian M.D. Assistant professor Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Shohada hospital Shahid Beheshti Medical University

Factors Dealing With Respiratory Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gravity-Determined Distribution of Perfusion , ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ZONE 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ZONE 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ZONE 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ZONE 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VENTILATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Non-gravitational Determinants of PVR & blood flow distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Non-gravitational Determinants of PVR & blood flow distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local tissue derived products ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local tissue derived products ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Local tissue derived products ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ALVEOLAR GASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CAUSES OF HPV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CLINICAL EFFECTS OF HPV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

NEURAL EFFECT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HUMORAL EFFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ALTERNATVE (NON ALVEOLAR) PATHWAYS OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE LUNG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other nongravitational Determinants of compliance – resistance – volume - ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Airway resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Patterns of airflow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],∆ P ∆ P= V 2 X p X f X L/4 π 2 r 5

DIFFERENT REGIONAL LUNG TIME CONSTANTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathway of collateral ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WORK OF BREATHING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LUNG VOLUMES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LUNG VOLUMES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Airway closure & closing capacity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Airway closure in patients with normal lung ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Airway closure in patients with abnormal lung ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Closing Capacity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relationship Between FRC & CC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Oxygen & carbon dioxide transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Oxygen Transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effect of QS/QT on PaO 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effect of QT on VO 2 & CaO 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FICK principle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BOHR Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HALDEN Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Structure of alveolar septum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transcapillary-interstitial space fluid movement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Respiratory function during anesthesia ,[object Object],[object Object]

Effect of depth of anesthesia on respiratory pattern ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effect of depth of anesthesia on spontaneous minute ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EFFECT OF PREEXISTING RESPIRATORY DISFUNCTION ON THE RESPIRATORY EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Effect of special intraoperative condition on the respiratory effects of anesthesia ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanism of hypoxemia during anesthesia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1- Malfunction of equipment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2- Hypoventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3- Hyperventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4- Decrease in FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of reduced FRC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Decreased cardiac out put & increased VO2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6 . Inhibition of HPV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

7 . Paralysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

8 . Right to left interatrial shunting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

9 . Specific diseases : ,[object Object],[object Object]

MECHANISM OF HYPER & HYPOCAPNIA DURING ANESTHESIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HYPOVENTILATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Increased dead space ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Increased CO2 production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Inadvertent switching off of CO2 absorber ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

hypocapnia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physiologic effect of abnormalities in respiratory gases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiovascular response to hypoxia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiovascular response to hypoxia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other Important effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hyperoxia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Symptoms & complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ENZIMATIC & METABOLIC CHANGES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Therapeutic effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypercapnia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypocapnia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During Anesthesia

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Respiratory Physiology & Respiratory Function During Anesthesia