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Building and Benefiting
from a Diverse and
Inclusive Workforce
To excel in today’s global economy, organizations must
attract and retain a diverse and inclusive workforce that
sparks new questions, challenges old practices and offers
innovative ways of collaborating that fuel outperformance.
Produced in conjunction with
2 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
Executive Summary
Workforce diversity offers obvious business benefits, including in-house access to
a varied range of skills, perspectives and experiences that deepen your company’s
talent pool. It creates an attractive market presence that reflects your organization’s
commitment to acquiring, developing and retaining top talent from every possible
source. But for companies striving to be consistently and reliably innovative, diversity
is also critical for bottom-line success, as a diverse employee base is essential to
sustaining innovation and outperforming current and future competitors.
Diversity, as we think about it, incorporates a wide variety of perspectives that
are not just generational, gender and ethnic in nature but also professional and
personal. It can signify a range of skills and experiences, as well as ways of thinking
and problem-solving. As such, we believe diversity delivers broader access to game-
changing ideas, methods and interests. Consistent innovation and high performance
require a blend of individuals trained in various disciplines or spheres of knowledge
and, importantly, possessing a wide range of real-world experiences.
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 3
4 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
The Role of Diversity in Sustainable Innovation
Rarely does a new product or service concept spring fully formed from the mind
and capabilities of one individual. In fact, a diverse and inclusive workforce is crucial
to encouraging different perspectives and ideas that drive innovation, according
to 85% of 321 executives recently surveyed who are responsible for diversity or
inclusion in large enterprises.1
In an ultra-competitive business environment, organi-
zations cannot fail to acknowledge the power of a diverse workforce to challenge old
practices, bring access to new talent networks and drive exceptional performance.
A new study by the Center for Talent Innovation (CTI) concludes that serial innovation
— the kind that drives and sustains growth — is highly correlated with two types of
diversity: inherent diversity (the traits you were born with and have been condi-
tioned by, such as gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation) and acquired diversity®
(the influence of your experiences and what you’ve learned on your behavior).3
The
cross-fertilization of diverse people can work as a catalyst for new ideas. In fact,
employees in companies with both types of diversity (also called two-dimensional
diversity) are 75% more likely to have a marketable idea implemented (see Figure
1).4
Unfortunately, CTI has also found that 78% of employees work in companies that
lack two-dimensional diversity.
Even if your organization lacks two-dimensional diversity attributes, it can still
benefit from a more diverse environment. A recent McKinsey & Co. report illustrates
the impact of greater gender diversity on corporate performance. Examining 89
publicly held European companies with capitalization of over €150 million, McKinsey
found that organizations with greater gender diversity outperformed in their
sectors on three critical dimensions: return on equity (11.4% vs. an average 10.3%),
operating results (EBIT 11.1% vs. 5.8%) and stock price growth (64% vs. 47%) from
2005-2007.
There are many other valid business reasons to build a diverse organization, but
giving your company the vitality necessary for consistent and reliable innovation
is one of the best. In an ultra-competitive environment — in which it is increasingly
difficult to even identify the next challenger on the horizon — businesses cannot fail
to acknowledge the power of a diverse workforce to spark new questions, challenge
old practices, offer faster, technologically-informed ways to respond to competi-
tion, access new talent networks and drive exceptional performance. What most
companies need now is a plan that produces the kind of diversity they need to thrive.
In an ultra-competitive environment,
businesses cannot fail to acknowledge the
power of a diverse workforce to challenge old
practices, access new talent networks and
drive exceptional performance.
A
CQUIRED DIVERSIT
Y™
I
NHERENT DIVERSI
TY
Diverse teams
drive innovation
Diverse leaders
unlock innovation
Diversity is
two-dimensional
70%
22%
78%
45%
75%
of employees work for
companies without
two-dimensional
diversity
of employees work for
companies with
two-dimensional diversityShare credit for
team success.
Make it safe to risk
proposing novel
ideas.
Ensure everyone
gets heard.
Give actionable feedback.
Take advice and
implement feedback.
Empower decision-making
by team members.
Employees at companies
with 2-D diversity are
more likely to have a
marketable idea implemented
more likely to see their
organization improve market
share than employees
in publicly traded organizations
without 2-D diversity
more likely to see their organization
capture a new market than
employees in publicly-traded
organizations without
2-D diversity
Employees in publicly traded
organizations with
2-D diversity are
 Nationality
 Religious
background
 Gender
 Age
 Sexual orientation
 Race/ethnicity
 Socio-economic
background
 Disability
 Cultural fluency
 Generational savvy
 Gender smarts
 Technological literacy
 Cross-functional
knowledge
 Global experience
 Military experience
 Language skills
Diversity, Innovation and Market Growth
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 5
Source: Center for Talent Innovation. For more information, see “How Diversity Can Drive Innovation,” Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda
Marshall, Laura Sherbin, Harvard Business Review, December 2013, http://hbr.org/2013/12/how-diversity-can-drive-innovation/ar/1
Note: CTI report data conclusions are based on a nationally representative survey of 1,800 professionals, 40 case studies
and numerous focus groups and interviews.
Figure 1
6 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
Making Diversity Actionable: Three Concrete Steps
Here are three specific actions your company can take to leverage diversity and
inclusion in productive and innovative ways:
1.	 Understand and eliminate organizational biases, educate senior leadership and
extend organizational maturity.
2.	Create opportunities for connections that facilitate collaboration.
3.	Redefine and clarify the rules of engagement.
These actions can empower your organization to capitalize on the wide variety of
employee ideas and perspectives, providing the impetus to respond more rapidly
and creatively to key business opportunities.
Understand and Eliminate Organizational Biases, Educate
Senior Leadership and Extend Organizational Maturity
Recognizing the existence of corporate biases is the first step in eliminating them.
And getting rid of biases is the first step in building stronger and more mature
leadership that values each and every contributing member of the organization.
This organizational philosophy conveys the belief that all associates are capable
of making choices that best fit their work preferences, within the context of the
business’s requirements and goals. Organizations that operate this way have
abandoned the outdated notion that the manager is best able to balance employee
needs; instead, they believe that individuals will make win-win choices for themselves
and the business when entrusted with this responsibility.
Leaders who model inclusive behavior understand that their own views have been
shaped by personal experience, and this self-awareness encourages employees to
share their own ideas. Employees with inclusive-minded managers are also far more
likely to appreciate their teams, freely express their views and opinions and feel
more confident that their ideas are heard and recognized.
Beyond eliminating the negatives, companies can strengthen diversity by moving
from a one-size-fits-all approach to one that recognizes each individual in the
workforce as unique. From a practical standpoint, accepting others’ views is as simple
as “counting to 10” — having the presence of mind to withhold snap judgments and
initiate a conversation about why someone holds a specific opinion or has come to
a particular conclusion rather than dismiss it outright. That type of exchange sends
the message that no individual’s perspective is automatically “right” and frees
leaders to hear and evaluate multiple points of view without bias.
Recognizing the existence of corporate biases
is the first step in eliminating them. And getting
rid of biases is the first step in building stronger
and more mature leadership that values each and
every contributing member of the organization.
1
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 7
Training and active practice can play an important role in enabling the creation of a
productive, diverse team. For example, when Dow Chemical felt it had exhausted tra-
ditional arguments for diversity, based on business case-type thinking, it introduced
in 2012 “unconscious-bias” training. The idea was to help employees be more aware
of their unacknowledged biases and, because of that awareness, take different
actions than they otherwise would.7
Other behaviors that leaders should model include:8
•	Giving equal time to everyone and encouraging quieter people to contribute.
•	Empowering team members to make decisions.
•	Enabling the right kind of risk-taking.
•	Ensuring that each team member receives constructive and supportive feedback.
•	Sharing credit for team success.
When leaders demonstrate these five behaviors, employees are 3.5 times more
likely to reach their full innovative potential.9
Creating mature, unbiased relationships between employers and employees
encourages a range of individuals to engage and contribute, in part by leveling the
playing field and democratizing the workplace.
Create the Opportunities for Connection
that Facilitate Collaboration
Simply having a diverse workforce isn’t enough. Leaders must also ensure that
diverse individuals interact with one another, across time and geography. Relation-
ships facilitate the flow of information and ideas. The paths for connection must
make it easy for anyone to discover exactly the people to help them contribute their
talent, skill and experience to achieve key strategic goals. We suggest making sig-
nificant and thoughtful investments in programs, processes and technologies (think
social, mobile, analytics and cloud, or the SMAC StackTM
) that facilitate collabora-
tion. Several approaches are possible:
•	Events that provide opportunities for people to meet. These might include
lunch one-on-ones with senior leaders, group leaders or new product develop-
ment managers. One excellent way to get new employees into the flow of the
organization is to make sure they meet not only folks on their own team but also
several people in other departments with whom they will likely have to work.
•	SMAC technology that allows workgroups to communicate easily. Knowl-
edge-sharing platforms, such as Cognizant’s Cognizant 2.0, enable employees
worldwide to connect with one another about both work and personal activities,
via SMAC technologies (see sidebar, page 9). Cognizant associates — two-thirds
of whom are millennials — not only can share tips on IT and business process best
Simply having a diverse workforce isn’t
enough. Leaders must also ensure that
diverse individuals interact with one another,
across time and geography.
2
8 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
practices and artifacts, but they can also broadcast where they are having dinner
or the latest cultural events they have attended or wish to experience. The intent
of Cognizant 2.0 is for employees to bring their whole selves to work.
•	Education that strengthens people’s ability to resolve conflict and hold
meaningful conversations. Many companies are finding significant returns from
training in core skills, such as asking good questions and active listening. Star-
bucks employees, for instance, undergo rigorous training in how to recognize and
respond to customer needs. They learn about what the company calls the ”Latte
Method” of responding to unpleasant situations: Listen to customers, acknowl-
edge their complaints, take action by solving the problem, thank them and then
explain why the problem occurred.
•	Physical architecture that provides informal space for colleagues to congre-
gate. It is widely acknowledged that much of the tacit knowledge shared and re-
ceived happens informally, and open spaces can facilitate that. To that end, P&G
invests in common space for designers vs. private workspace and finds it drives
internal connections. And instead of traditional offices, Steelcase creates “we”
spaces around the business’s three or four most important meta issues.10
For in-
stance, these spaces might be allocated to teams working on a merger, product
launch or recall. Doing so promotes eye-to-eye contact, provides everyone with
equal access to information and allows people to move around and participate
freely, the company says.
•	Organizational structures that create units of a size that permit people to
know each other, understand the whole and negate the need for excessive
control. Bill Gore, founder of W. L. Gore & Associates, a privately held high-tech
firm well-known for its high-performance GORE-TEX®
fabrics, decided that each
of the company’s plants should hold a limited number of associates. The thinking
at Gore is that the company would see diminishing returns — and quality — when
teams got too big, while smaller teams would imbue a healthy synergy. As a re-
sult, employees feel free to develop their own ideas and see them through. The
company continues to build plants as it expands; in and around Delaware in the
eastern U.S., there are 18 plants within a 30-mile radius.11
•	Include opportunities for employees to meet face-to-face. For activities that
require innovation, face-to-face sessions are critical. In a survey by Crowne Pla-
za Hotels, which included more than 2,000 respondents in the UK, U.S., United
Arab Emirates, China and India, 81% of business professionals said face-to-face
meetings are better for building long-term trust and ensuring strong client
relationships.12
Redefine and Clarify the Rules of Engagement
In a workplace that is rich with diverse individuals, it is important to establish
ground rules to avoid the conflicts and misunderstandings that might arise from
inevitable behavioral and perception differences. Organizations need to surface
the differences and establish clear and effective group norms. Companies should
acknowledge the validity of various views, ask employees to share perspectives on
how things might be done, and then agree on ground rules for use in their particular
circumstance.
Areas for discussion in any group are likely to include:
•	How individuals view time and place. Older employees began their careers
when work was equated with time spent in the office. In contrast, younger work-
ers tend to view work as something you do anywhere and at any time, making the
rigidity of set work hours seem like a throwback to another era. In your particular
3
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 9
Quick Take
Businesses are moving rapidly to embrace the SMAC
Stack, to enable more fluid and collaborative ways of
working. SMAC offers the ability to innovate and solve
problems virtually. Problem-solvers could toil relatively
anonymously, as with a micro-tasking market like
Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.13
In fact, SMAC technologies help businesses create “Code
Halos” or the digital fingerprints formed when people,
processes organizations and objects create data through
their networked activities, such as social media sharing
and expressing preferences on Web sites.14
Businesses
that embrace Code Halo™ thinking by collecting, sharing
and distilling meaning from the code that encircles their
human resources, are better positioned to see and act
on diversity and inclusiveness challenges before they
arise. By unleashing the SMAC Stack to ignite, enrich and
extend Code Halos, organizations can start to leverage the
vast pool of knowledge resident in their employee base
worldwide and facilitate increased real-time collaboration.
Creating a global operating backbone is key to solving
business problems and delivering on the opportunities
that globalization offers. Expanding the diversity profile
of your organization is the place to start reaping the
benefits.
Innovating in a SMAC World
10 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
circumstances, does it matter whether people are working in the office, at home
or somewhere else? Does everybody have to work the same hours to accomplish
their tasks?
•	How colleagues communicate. Some are accustomed to brief texts, while oth-
ers may be uncomfortable with digital communication and even feel offended
by a lack of face-to-face interaction. What method of communication will your
group use and for what purpose? What response time is expected under which
circumstance?
•	How we sync up and organize. Older employees typically are planners and
schedulers, while many younger colleagues are coordinators. Neither approach
is perfect for every situation. What requires a plan and schedule? What can be
coordinated in real time?
To the extent possible, make these and other ground rules situation-specific. Rather
than pronouncing one view as right or wrong, conclude that in this situation, for this
purpose, the group will follow this specified course of action. Although seemingly
innocuous, these small misunderstandings can interfere with genuine, effective col-
laboration.
Advance Your Organization’s Diversity Maturity
Set clear goals for your company’s diversity and inclusion program this year. Begin
by assessing your progress over the past decade and establish the next level of orga-
nizational maturity you plan to achieve going forward. Organizations committed to
increasing the diversity of their workforce tend to go through stages, with distinc-
tive focus and programs in each.
Stage One: Intent
You must want to attract and retain a more diverse population. In this stage,
companies move from a homogeneous group of employees, typically defined
in terms of race and gender, to a more heterogeneous talent pool (see sidebars,
next page).
If you are in this stage, two initiatives take priority. The first is recruiting. Companies
must look for new channels of talent — new universities, perhaps, in new locations or
communities of talent they have not previously recognized, such as organizations
serving specific, under-represented communities of engineers. They may engage
new recruiting specialists and re-shape key messages to appeal to a new audience.
Diversity played a critical role in the successful integration of Cognizant’s recently
acquired U.S.-based Center of Excellence in Financial Services, which requires back-
office business process skills that were not previously available within the broader
corporation. Gaining the new skills through an acquisition was in many ways the
easy part — the hard work came in bridging cultures and embracing a common view
on workstyle. Both the diversity of new perspectives and the inclusiveness required
to recognize the legitimacy of different views were critical to the success of the new
venture.
The second initiative is to build awareness. This is an educational activity; companies
may recruit diverse workers but fall into the trap of assuming that individuals from
different backgrounds have the same preferences and expectations as the majority
group.
Quick Take
Quick Take
Military veterans bring to the table a wealth of experiences
that are highly valuable to many organizations. It’s not just
that they may have fought in wars, served in the army or been
in public service. Rather, they have learned to respond to
unexpected challenges, and planned and executed responses
in teams that encompass individuals from widely diverse
backgrounds.
The experience of persevering and succeeding in this
challenge — involving, in many cases, literally putting their
lives on the line — is irreplaceable, and organizations can
benefit from their experiences.
When it hires, world-famous design firm IDEO specifically
seeks people with broad backgrounds and varied interests.
To continue innovating and creating, the company needs
people who are curious about life and about how things work
(as opposed to people who are recognized as “experts”).
IDEO designers work in teams, each of which can include
people who fit into one of 10 clearly described “organiza-
tional personas”:
•	Learning Personas (including anthropologists, experi-
menters and cross-pollinators).
•	Organizing Personas (including hurdlers, collaborators
and directors).
•	Building Personas (including experience architects, set
designers, caregivers and storytellers).15
Tom Kelley, a partner at IDEO and brother of founder David
Kelley, explains, “We’ve found that adopting one or more of
the roles can help teams express a different point of view
and create a broader range of innovative solutions. …The
appeal of the personas is that they work … IDEO has battle-
tested them thousands of times in a real-world laboratory
for innovation.”16
Veterans: An Often Forgotten Community
IDEO Hires for Diversity
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 11
12 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
Stage Two: Engagement and Retention
Here, diversity initiatives should focus on engagement and retention of diverse
populations within the organization. Individuals from diverse backgrounds are likely
to have a wide variety of preferences and expectations for work and will require
additional support to develop productive careers.
In this stage, customization-based programs take priority. Many companies assign
mentors or special counselors to help with integration and career development.
Some create specialized career tracks, perhaps to supplement specific skills
or provide exposure to key parts of the organization. Companies must add the
important goal of inclusion to the priorities — creating an environment in which
a wide range of individuals feel comfortable and grounded and see clear paths to
personal and professional success.
Employee business resource groups (EBRGs) are one way that many corporations
engage diverse employee populations. BNY Mellon’s IMPACT group is designed to
foster the inclusion and leadership development of multicultural employees. Its
activities involve every aspect of employees’ career growth, from recruitment and
retention, to professional development and advancement.17
Stage Three: Legitimizing Differences
At this stage, companies appreciate the “rightness” of multiple positions and
acknowledge the legitimacy and benefit of individuals’ differing values, views and
behaviors. This requires moving far past political correctness — beyond the goals of
simply not offending or harassing those with diverse perspectives — to acknowledg-
ing that the existence of differences is vital to arriving at a full appreciation of an
issue and its possible outcomes. And that only becomes possible through thoughtful
education that emphasizes the underlying logic and value of individual views.
Looking Forward
The starting point for the journey toward greater acceptance of — and capitaliza-
tion on — diversity is different for every organization. The continuum will range
from making incremental progress to, ultimately, transforming the people and work
processes.
As you plot your organization’s journey, consider the maturity of your current
diversity profile. Do you need to add people with new perspectives to the mix, or are
you at a point where your greatest opportunity lies in leveraging your company’s
current diverse insights in powerful ways? Wherever you find yourself, the practical
tips we’ve offered form a menu from which to assemble a plan that enables your orga-
nization to realize the next level of diversity and inclusion benefits. Consider ways
Companies must add the important goal of
inclusion to the priorities‚ creating an environment
in which a wide range of individuals feel
comfortable and grounded and see clear paths
to personal and professional success.
BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 13
to develop a community of connected, switched-on employees who can strengthen
the opportunities for collaboration and redefine the rules of engagement. Move
beyond having diversity, to using it for innovation success.
Winning companies make diversity and inclusion a key ingredient of their operating
strategy. By embracing Code Halo thinking, they anticipate challenges before they
become issues. Moreover, gender-diverse companies innovate more effectively and,
per the McKinsey report, tend to post superior financial results across a variety of
dimensions compared with their peers. While McKinsey’s findings do not demon-
strate a causal link between diversity and performance, they do provide a factual
snapshot that can only argue in favor of greater gender diversity, according to the
consultancy.18
Companies that embed diversity and inclusion into their very cores avail themselves
of a rich tapestry of employee, customer and partner insights, regardless of creed,
color, gender, socioeconomic demographic and sexual preference. Such diversity of
perspective is critical to translating collaboration and innovation from buzzword
status to successful execution. History will show that the companies that get this
right are the ones that will dominate the future of work.
Consider ways to develop a community of
connected, switched-on employees who can
strengthen the opportunities for collaboration and
redefine the rules of engagement. Move beyond
having diversity, to using it for innovation success.
Footnotes
1	
“Global Diversity and Inclusion: Fostering Innovation through a Diverse Workforce,”
Forbes Insights, 2011.
2	
The Center for Talent Innovation is a New York-based nonprofit think tank whose
flagship project — the Task Force for Talent Innovation — helps organizations
leverage their talent across the divides of gender, generation, geography and
culture. For more information, see http://www.talentinnovation.org/.
3	
Lauren Leader-Chivée, “New Study: Diversity Drives Serial Innovation,” Inc., Oct. 1,
2013.
4	
“Diversity, Innovation, and Market Growth,” Center for Talent Innovation, 2013,
http://www.talentinnovation.org/assets/IDMG-infographic-CTI.pdf.
5	
Georges Desvaux, Sandrine Devillard-Hoellinger and Pascal Baumgarten, “Women
Matter: Gender Diversity, a Corporate Performance Driver,” McKinsey & Co., March
2012.
6	
“Innovation, Diversity, and Market Growth,” Center for Talent Innovation, 2013.
7	
“Dow Chemical: Set Diversity Goals, then Measure Them,” Crain’s Detroit Business,
Nov. 14, 2013.
8	
Lauren Leader-Chivée, “New Study: Diversity Drives Serial Innovation,” Inc.,
Oct. 1, 2013.
9	
Ibid
14 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014
About the Authors
Tamara J. Erickson is a McKinsey Award-winning author and widely respected
expert on collaboration and innovation, on the changing workforce, and on the
nature of work in the intelligent economy. She has three times been named one of
the 50 most influential living management thinkers in the world by Thinkers 50, a
premier biennial ranking of global business thinkers. Among her many publications,
she has written a trilogy of books on how individuals in specific generations can
excel in today’s workplace: Retire Retirement: Career Strategies for the Boomer
Generation; What’s Next, Gen X?: Keeping Up, Moving Ahead, and Getting the
Career You Want; and Plugged In: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. She
can be reached at tammy@tammyerickson.com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/pub/
tamara-j-tammy-erickson/0/662/16b.
GajenKandiahistheExecutiveVicePresidentandGlobalManagingDirector,Business
Process Services, at Cognizant. As the Global Head of Markets, he is responsible
for accelerating the growth of the BPS business, developing services and solutions
leveraging the synergies between ITO and BPO, and extending Cognizant’s capability
to become a leading provider of business services automation and management
solutions. These solutions include business process as a service (BPaaS) and
combine new business, delivery and commercial models to help customers embrace
the future of work. Gajen is a proven entrepreneur and business leader who has
demonstrated his ability to build winning businesses within multinational corpora-
tions and startups for over two decades. He can be reached at Gajen@cognizant.
com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/pub/gajen-kandiah/1/105/67.
10	
George Brandt, “Steelcase CEO on How Office Layout Impacts Corporate Culture,” Forbes,
August 7, 2012
11	
Tina Nielsen, “W.L. Gore,” Director Magazine, February 2010.
12	
David McMillin “See Why Face-To-Face Is More Important Than Ever Before,” Professional Management
Convention Association, Nov. 18, 2013.
13	
From Wikipedia: “The Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing Internet marketplace that
enables individuals or businesses (known as requesters) to coordinate the use of human intelligence to
perform tasks that computers are currently unable to do.”
14	
Malcolm Frank, Paul Roehrig and Ben Pring, “Code Rules: A Playbook for Managing at the Crossroads,”
Cognizant Technology Solutions, June 2013.
15	
Tom Kelley, The Ten Faces of Innovation, Currency/Doubleday, 2005 (Chapter 3: The Cross-Pollinator).
16	
Tom Kelley, The Ten Faces of Innovation, Currency/Doubleday, 2005 (Chapter 1: The Anthropologist).
17	
“BNY Mellon: Fostering Global Inclusion and Multiculturalism,” Catalyst Knowledge Center, June 19, 2013.
18	
Georges Desvaux, Sandrine Devillard-Hoellinger and Pascal Baumgarten, “Women Matter: Gender
Diversity, a Corporate Performance Driver,” McKinsey & Co., March 2012.
World Headquarters
500 Frank W. Burr Blvd.
Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA
Phone: +1 201 801 0233
Fax: +1 201 801 0243
Toll Free: +1 888 937 3277
inquiry@cognizant.com
European Headquarters
1 Kingdom Street
Paddington Central
London W2 6BD
Phone: +44 (0) 207 297 7600
Fax: +44 (0) 207 121 0102
infouk@cognizant.com
India Operations Headquarters
#5/535, Old Mahabalipuram Road
Okkiyam Pettai, Thoraipakkam
Chennai, 600 096 India
Phone: +91 (0) 44 4209 6000
Fax: +91 (0) 44 4209 6060
inquiryindia@cognizant.com
© Copyright 2014, Cognizant. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the express written permission from Cognizant. The information contained herein is subject to
change without notice. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.
About Cognizant
Cognizant (NASDAQ: CTSH) is a leading provider of informa-
tion technology, consulting, and business process outsourcing
services, dedicated to helping the world’s leading companies
build stronger businesses. Headquartered in Teaneck, New
Jersey (U.S.), Cognizant combines a passion for client satis-
faction, technology innovation, deep industry and business
process expertise, and a global, collaborative workforce that
embodies the future of work. With over 50 delivery centers
worldwide and approximately 171,400 employees as of De-
cember 31, 2013, Cognizant is a member of the NASDAQ-100,
the S&P 500, the Forbes Global 2000, and the Fortune 500
and is ranked among the top performing and fastest growing
companies in the world. Visit us online at www.cognizant.com
or follow us on Twitter: Cognizant.

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Building and Benefiting from a Diverse and Inclusive Workforce

  • 1. Building and Benefiting from a Diverse and Inclusive Workforce To excel in today’s global economy, organizations must attract and retain a diverse and inclusive workforce that sparks new questions, challenges old practices and offers innovative ways of collaborating that fuel outperformance. Produced in conjunction with
  • 2. 2 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 Executive Summary Workforce diversity offers obvious business benefits, including in-house access to a varied range of skills, perspectives and experiences that deepen your company’s talent pool. It creates an attractive market presence that reflects your organization’s commitment to acquiring, developing and retaining top talent from every possible source. But for companies striving to be consistently and reliably innovative, diversity is also critical for bottom-line success, as a diverse employee base is essential to sustaining innovation and outperforming current and future competitors. Diversity, as we think about it, incorporates a wide variety of perspectives that are not just generational, gender and ethnic in nature but also professional and personal. It can signify a range of skills and experiences, as well as ways of thinking and problem-solving. As such, we believe diversity delivers broader access to game- changing ideas, methods and interests. Consistent innovation and high performance require a blend of individuals trained in various disciplines or spheres of knowledge and, importantly, possessing a wide range of real-world experiences.
  • 3. BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 3
  • 4. 4 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 The Role of Diversity in Sustainable Innovation Rarely does a new product or service concept spring fully formed from the mind and capabilities of one individual. In fact, a diverse and inclusive workforce is crucial to encouraging different perspectives and ideas that drive innovation, according to 85% of 321 executives recently surveyed who are responsible for diversity or inclusion in large enterprises.1 In an ultra-competitive business environment, organi- zations cannot fail to acknowledge the power of a diverse workforce to challenge old practices, bring access to new talent networks and drive exceptional performance. A new study by the Center for Talent Innovation (CTI) concludes that serial innovation — the kind that drives and sustains growth — is highly correlated with two types of diversity: inherent diversity (the traits you were born with and have been condi- tioned by, such as gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation) and acquired diversity® (the influence of your experiences and what you’ve learned on your behavior).3 The cross-fertilization of diverse people can work as a catalyst for new ideas. In fact, employees in companies with both types of diversity (also called two-dimensional diversity) are 75% more likely to have a marketable idea implemented (see Figure 1).4 Unfortunately, CTI has also found that 78% of employees work in companies that lack two-dimensional diversity. Even if your organization lacks two-dimensional diversity attributes, it can still benefit from a more diverse environment. A recent McKinsey & Co. report illustrates the impact of greater gender diversity on corporate performance. Examining 89 publicly held European companies with capitalization of over €150 million, McKinsey found that organizations with greater gender diversity outperformed in their sectors on three critical dimensions: return on equity (11.4% vs. an average 10.3%), operating results (EBIT 11.1% vs. 5.8%) and stock price growth (64% vs. 47%) from 2005-2007. There are many other valid business reasons to build a diverse organization, but giving your company the vitality necessary for consistent and reliable innovation is one of the best. In an ultra-competitive environment — in which it is increasingly difficult to even identify the next challenger on the horizon — businesses cannot fail to acknowledge the power of a diverse workforce to spark new questions, challenge old practices, offer faster, technologically-informed ways to respond to competi- tion, access new talent networks and drive exceptional performance. What most companies need now is a plan that produces the kind of diversity they need to thrive. In an ultra-competitive environment, businesses cannot fail to acknowledge the power of a diverse workforce to challenge old practices, access new talent networks and drive exceptional performance.
  • 5. A CQUIRED DIVERSIT Y™ I NHERENT DIVERSI TY Diverse teams drive innovation Diverse leaders unlock innovation Diversity is two-dimensional 70% 22% 78% 45% 75% of employees work for companies without two-dimensional diversity of employees work for companies with two-dimensional diversityShare credit for team success. Make it safe to risk proposing novel ideas. Ensure everyone gets heard. Give actionable feedback. Take advice and implement feedback. Empower decision-making by team members. Employees at companies with 2-D diversity are more likely to have a marketable idea implemented more likely to see their organization improve market share than employees in publicly traded organizations without 2-D diversity more likely to see their organization capture a new market than employees in publicly-traded organizations without 2-D diversity Employees in publicly traded organizations with 2-D diversity are  Nationality  Religious background  Gender  Age  Sexual orientation  Race/ethnicity  Socio-economic background  Disability  Cultural fluency  Generational savvy  Gender smarts  Technological literacy  Cross-functional knowledge  Global experience  Military experience  Language skills Diversity, Innovation and Market Growth BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 5 Source: Center for Talent Innovation. For more information, see “How Diversity Can Drive Innovation,” Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Melinda Marshall, Laura Sherbin, Harvard Business Review, December 2013, http://hbr.org/2013/12/how-diversity-can-drive-innovation/ar/1 Note: CTI report data conclusions are based on a nationally representative survey of 1,800 professionals, 40 case studies and numerous focus groups and interviews. Figure 1
  • 6. 6 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 Making Diversity Actionable: Three Concrete Steps Here are three specific actions your company can take to leverage diversity and inclusion in productive and innovative ways: 1. Understand and eliminate organizational biases, educate senior leadership and extend organizational maturity. 2. Create opportunities for connections that facilitate collaboration. 3. Redefine and clarify the rules of engagement. These actions can empower your organization to capitalize on the wide variety of employee ideas and perspectives, providing the impetus to respond more rapidly and creatively to key business opportunities. Understand and Eliminate Organizational Biases, Educate Senior Leadership and Extend Organizational Maturity Recognizing the existence of corporate biases is the first step in eliminating them. And getting rid of biases is the first step in building stronger and more mature leadership that values each and every contributing member of the organization. This organizational philosophy conveys the belief that all associates are capable of making choices that best fit their work preferences, within the context of the business’s requirements and goals. Organizations that operate this way have abandoned the outdated notion that the manager is best able to balance employee needs; instead, they believe that individuals will make win-win choices for themselves and the business when entrusted with this responsibility. Leaders who model inclusive behavior understand that their own views have been shaped by personal experience, and this self-awareness encourages employees to share their own ideas. Employees with inclusive-minded managers are also far more likely to appreciate their teams, freely express their views and opinions and feel more confident that their ideas are heard and recognized. Beyond eliminating the negatives, companies can strengthen diversity by moving from a one-size-fits-all approach to one that recognizes each individual in the workforce as unique. From a practical standpoint, accepting others’ views is as simple as “counting to 10” — having the presence of mind to withhold snap judgments and initiate a conversation about why someone holds a specific opinion or has come to a particular conclusion rather than dismiss it outright. That type of exchange sends the message that no individual’s perspective is automatically “right” and frees leaders to hear and evaluate multiple points of view without bias. Recognizing the existence of corporate biases is the first step in eliminating them. And getting rid of biases is the first step in building stronger and more mature leadership that values each and every contributing member of the organization. 1
  • 7. BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 7 Training and active practice can play an important role in enabling the creation of a productive, diverse team. For example, when Dow Chemical felt it had exhausted tra- ditional arguments for diversity, based on business case-type thinking, it introduced in 2012 “unconscious-bias” training. The idea was to help employees be more aware of their unacknowledged biases and, because of that awareness, take different actions than they otherwise would.7 Other behaviors that leaders should model include:8 • Giving equal time to everyone and encouraging quieter people to contribute. • Empowering team members to make decisions. • Enabling the right kind of risk-taking. • Ensuring that each team member receives constructive and supportive feedback. • Sharing credit for team success. When leaders demonstrate these five behaviors, employees are 3.5 times more likely to reach their full innovative potential.9 Creating mature, unbiased relationships between employers and employees encourages a range of individuals to engage and contribute, in part by leveling the playing field and democratizing the workplace. Create the Opportunities for Connection that Facilitate Collaboration Simply having a diverse workforce isn’t enough. Leaders must also ensure that diverse individuals interact with one another, across time and geography. Relation- ships facilitate the flow of information and ideas. The paths for connection must make it easy for anyone to discover exactly the people to help them contribute their talent, skill and experience to achieve key strategic goals. We suggest making sig- nificant and thoughtful investments in programs, processes and technologies (think social, mobile, analytics and cloud, or the SMAC StackTM ) that facilitate collabora- tion. Several approaches are possible: • Events that provide opportunities for people to meet. These might include lunch one-on-ones with senior leaders, group leaders or new product develop- ment managers. One excellent way to get new employees into the flow of the organization is to make sure they meet not only folks on their own team but also several people in other departments with whom they will likely have to work. • SMAC technology that allows workgroups to communicate easily. Knowl- edge-sharing platforms, such as Cognizant’s Cognizant 2.0, enable employees worldwide to connect with one another about both work and personal activities, via SMAC technologies (see sidebar, page 9). Cognizant associates — two-thirds of whom are millennials — not only can share tips on IT and business process best Simply having a diverse workforce isn’t enough. Leaders must also ensure that diverse individuals interact with one another, across time and geography. 2
  • 8. 8 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 practices and artifacts, but they can also broadcast where they are having dinner or the latest cultural events they have attended or wish to experience. The intent of Cognizant 2.0 is for employees to bring their whole selves to work. • Education that strengthens people’s ability to resolve conflict and hold meaningful conversations. Many companies are finding significant returns from training in core skills, such as asking good questions and active listening. Star- bucks employees, for instance, undergo rigorous training in how to recognize and respond to customer needs. They learn about what the company calls the ”Latte Method” of responding to unpleasant situations: Listen to customers, acknowl- edge their complaints, take action by solving the problem, thank them and then explain why the problem occurred. • Physical architecture that provides informal space for colleagues to congre- gate. It is widely acknowledged that much of the tacit knowledge shared and re- ceived happens informally, and open spaces can facilitate that. To that end, P&G invests in common space for designers vs. private workspace and finds it drives internal connections. And instead of traditional offices, Steelcase creates “we” spaces around the business’s three or four most important meta issues.10 For in- stance, these spaces might be allocated to teams working on a merger, product launch or recall. Doing so promotes eye-to-eye contact, provides everyone with equal access to information and allows people to move around and participate freely, the company says. • Organizational structures that create units of a size that permit people to know each other, understand the whole and negate the need for excessive control. Bill Gore, founder of W. L. Gore & Associates, a privately held high-tech firm well-known for its high-performance GORE-TEX® fabrics, decided that each of the company’s plants should hold a limited number of associates. The thinking at Gore is that the company would see diminishing returns — and quality — when teams got too big, while smaller teams would imbue a healthy synergy. As a re- sult, employees feel free to develop their own ideas and see them through. The company continues to build plants as it expands; in and around Delaware in the eastern U.S., there are 18 plants within a 30-mile radius.11 • Include opportunities for employees to meet face-to-face. For activities that require innovation, face-to-face sessions are critical. In a survey by Crowne Pla- za Hotels, which included more than 2,000 respondents in the UK, U.S., United Arab Emirates, China and India, 81% of business professionals said face-to-face meetings are better for building long-term trust and ensuring strong client relationships.12 Redefine and Clarify the Rules of Engagement In a workplace that is rich with diverse individuals, it is important to establish ground rules to avoid the conflicts and misunderstandings that might arise from inevitable behavioral and perception differences. Organizations need to surface the differences and establish clear and effective group norms. Companies should acknowledge the validity of various views, ask employees to share perspectives on how things might be done, and then agree on ground rules for use in their particular circumstance. Areas for discussion in any group are likely to include: • How individuals view time and place. Older employees began their careers when work was equated with time spent in the office. In contrast, younger work- ers tend to view work as something you do anywhere and at any time, making the rigidity of set work hours seem like a throwback to another era. In your particular 3
  • 9. BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 9 Quick Take Businesses are moving rapidly to embrace the SMAC Stack, to enable more fluid and collaborative ways of working. SMAC offers the ability to innovate and solve problems virtually. Problem-solvers could toil relatively anonymously, as with a micro-tasking market like Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.13 In fact, SMAC technologies help businesses create “Code Halos” or the digital fingerprints formed when people, processes organizations and objects create data through their networked activities, such as social media sharing and expressing preferences on Web sites.14 Businesses that embrace Code Halo™ thinking by collecting, sharing and distilling meaning from the code that encircles their human resources, are better positioned to see and act on diversity and inclusiveness challenges before they arise. By unleashing the SMAC Stack to ignite, enrich and extend Code Halos, organizations can start to leverage the vast pool of knowledge resident in their employee base worldwide and facilitate increased real-time collaboration. Creating a global operating backbone is key to solving business problems and delivering on the opportunities that globalization offers. Expanding the diversity profile of your organization is the place to start reaping the benefits. Innovating in a SMAC World
  • 10. 10 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 circumstances, does it matter whether people are working in the office, at home or somewhere else? Does everybody have to work the same hours to accomplish their tasks? • How colleagues communicate. Some are accustomed to brief texts, while oth- ers may be uncomfortable with digital communication and even feel offended by a lack of face-to-face interaction. What method of communication will your group use and for what purpose? What response time is expected under which circumstance? • How we sync up and organize. Older employees typically are planners and schedulers, while many younger colleagues are coordinators. Neither approach is perfect for every situation. What requires a plan and schedule? What can be coordinated in real time? To the extent possible, make these and other ground rules situation-specific. Rather than pronouncing one view as right or wrong, conclude that in this situation, for this purpose, the group will follow this specified course of action. Although seemingly innocuous, these small misunderstandings can interfere with genuine, effective col- laboration. Advance Your Organization’s Diversity Maturity Set clear goals for your company’s diversity and inclusion program this year. Begin by assessing your progress over the past decade and establish the next level of orga- nizational maturity you plan to achieve going forward. Organizations committed to increasing the diversity of their workforce tend to go through stages, with distinc- tive focus and programs in each. Stage One: Intent You must want to attract and retain a more diverse population. In this stage, companies move from a homogeneous group of employees, typically defined in terms of race and gender, to a more heterogeneous talent pool (see sidebars, next page). If you are in this stage, two initiatives take priority. The first is recruiting. Companies must look for new channels of talent — new universities, perhaps, in new locations or communities of talent they have not previously recognized, such as organizations serving specific, under-represented communities of engineers. They may engage new recruiting specialists and re-shape key messages to appeal to a new audience. Diversity played a critical role in the successful integration of Cognizant’s recently acquired U.S.-based Center of Excellence in Financial Services, which requires back- office business process skills that were not previously available within the broader corporation. Gaining the new skills through an acquisition was in many ways the easy part — the hard work came in bridging cultures and embracing a common view on workstyle. Both the diversity of new perspectives and the inclusiveness required to recognize the legitimacy of different views were critical to the success of the new venture. The second initiative is to build awareness. This is an educational activity; companies may recruit diverse workers but fall into the trap of assuming that individuals from different backgrounds have the same preferences and expectations as the majority group.
  • 11. Quick Take Quick Take Military veterans bring to the table a wealth of experiences that are highly valuable to many organizations. It’s not just that they may have fought in wars, served in the army or been in public service. Rather, they have learned to respond to unexpected challenges, and planned and executed responses in teams that encompass individuals from widely diverse backgrounds. The experience of persevering and succeeding in this challenge — involving, in many cases, literally putting their lives on the line — is irreplaceable, and organizations can benefit from their experiences. When it hires, world-famous design firm IDEO specifically seeks people with broad backgrounds and varied interests. To continue innovating and creating, the company needs people who are curious about life and about how things work (as opposed to people who are recognized as “experts”). IDEO designers work in teams, each of which can include people who fit into one of 10 clearly described “organiza- tional personas”: • Learning Personas (including anthropologists, experi- menters and cross-pollinators). • Organizing Personas (including hurdlers, collaborators and directors). • Building Personas (including experience architects, set designers, caregivers and storytellers).15 Tom Kelley, a partner at IDEO and brother of founder David Kelley, explains, “We’ve found that adopting one or more of the roles can help teams express a different point of view and create a broader range of innovative solutions. …The appeal of the personas is that they work … IDEO has battle- tested them thousands of times in a real-world laboratory for innovation.”16 Veterans: An Often Forgotten Community IDEO Hires for Diversity BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 11
  • 12. 12 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 Stage Two: Engagement and Retention Here, diversity initiatives should focus on engagement and retention of diverse populations within the organization. Individuals from diverse backgrounds are likely to have a wide variety of preferences and expectations for work and will require additional support to develop productive careers. In this stage, customization-based programs take priority. Many companies assign mentors or special counselors to help with integration and career development. Some create specialized career tracks, perhaps to supplement specific skills or provide exposure to key parts of the organization. Companies must add the important goal of inclusion to the priorities — creating an environment in which a wide range of individuals feel comfortable and grounded and see clear paths to personal and professional success. Employee business resource groups (EBRGs) are one way that many corporations engage diverse employee populations. BNY Mellon’s IMPACT group is designed to foster the inclusion and leadership development of multicultural employees. Its activities involve every aspect of employees’ career growth, from recruitment and retention, to professional development and advancement.17 Stage Three: Legitimizing Differences At this stage, companies appreciate the “rightness” of multiple positions and acknowledge the legitimacy and benefit of individuals’ differing values, views and behaviors. This requires moving far past political correctness — beyond the goals of simply not offending or harassing those with diverse perspectives — to acknowledg- ing that the existence of differences is vital to arriving at a full appreciation of an issue and its possible outcomes. And that only becomes possible through thoughtful education that emphasizes the underlying logic and value of individual views. Looking Forward The starting point for the journey toward greater acceptance of — and capitaliza- tion on — diversity is different for every organization. The continuum will range from making incremental progress to, ultimately, transforming the people and work processes. As you plot your organization’s journey, consider the maturity of your current diversity profile. Do you need to add people with new perspectives to the mix, or are you at a point where your greatest opportunity lies in leveraging your company’s current diverse insights in powerful ways? Wherever you find yourself, the practical tips we’ve offered form a menu from which to assemble a plan that enables your orga- nization to realize the next level of diversity and inclusion benefits. Consider ways Companies must add the important goal of inclusion to the priorities‚ creating an environment in which a wide range of individuals feel comfortable and grounded and see clear paths to personal and professional success.
  • 13. BUILDING AND BENEFITING FROM A DIVERSE AND INCLUSIVE WORKFORCE 13 to develop a community of connected, switched-on employees who can strengthen the opportunities for collaboration and redefine the rules of engagement. Move beyond having diversity, to using it for innovation success. Winning companies make diversity and inclusion a key ingredient of their operating strategy. By embracing Code Halo thinking, they anticipate challenges before they become issues. Moreover, gender-diverse companies innovate more effectively and, per the McKinsey report, tend to post superior financial results across a variety of dimensions compared with their peers. While McKinsey’s findings do not demon- strate a causal link between diversity and performance, they do provide a factual snapshot that can only argue in favor of greater gender diversity, according to the consultancy.18 Companies that embed diversity and inclusion into their very cores avail themselves of a rich tapestry of employee, customer and partner insights, regardless of creed, color, gender, socioeconomic demographic and sexual preference. Such diversity of perspective is critical to translating collaboration and innovation from buzzword status to successful execution. History will show that the companies that get this right are the ones that will dominate the future of work. Consider ways to develop a community of connected, switched-on employees who can strengthen the opportunities for collaboration and redefine the rules of engagement. Move beyond having diversity, to using it for innovation success. Footnotes 1 “Global Diversity and Inclusion: Fostering Innovation through a Diverse Workforce,” Forbes Insights, 2011. 2 The Center for Talent Innovation is a New York-based nonprofit think tank whose flagship project — the Task Force for Talent Innovation — helps organizations leverage their talent across the divides of gender, generation, geography and culture. For more information, see http://www.talentinnovation.org/. 3 Lauren Leader-Chivée, “New Study: Diversity Drives Serial Innovation,” Inc., Oct. 1, 2013. 4 “Diversity, Innovation, and Market Growth,” Center for Talent Innovation, 2013, http://www.talentinnovation.org/assets/IDMG-infographic-CTI.pdf. 5 Georges Desvaux, Sandrine Devillard-Hoellinger and Pascal Baumgarten, “Women Matter: Gender Diversity, a Corporate Performance Driver,” McKinsey & Co., March 2012. 6 “Innovation, Diversity, and Market Growth,” Center for Talent Innovation, 2013. 7 “Dow Chemical: Set Diversity Goals, then Measure Them,” Crain’s Detroit Business, Nov. 14, 2013. 8 Lauren Leader-Chivée, “New Study: Diversity Drives Serial Innovation,” Inc., Oct. 1, 2013. 9 Ibid
  • 14. 14 KEEP CHALLENGING March 2014 About the Authors Tamara J. Erickson is a McKinsey Award-winning author and widely respected expert on collaboration and innovation, on the changing workforce, and on the nature of work in the intelligent economy. She has three times been named one of the 50 most influential living management thinkers in the world by Thinkers 50, a premier biennial ranking of global business thinkers. Among her many publications, she has written a trilogy of books on how individuals in specific generations can excel in today’s workplace: Retire Retirement: Career Strategies for the Boomer Generation; What’s Next, Gen X?: Keeping Up, Moving Ahead, and Getting the Career You Want; and Plugged In: The Generation Y Guide to Thriving at Work. She can be reached at tammy@tammyerickson.com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/pub/ tamara-j-tammy-erickson/0/662/16b. GajenKandiahistheExecutiveVicePresidentandGlobalManagingDirector,Business Process Services, at Cognizant. As the Global Head of Markets, he is responsible for accelerating the growth of the BPS business, developing services and solutions leveraging the synergies between ITO and BPO, and extending Cognizant’s capability to become a leading provider of business services automation and management solutions. These solutions include business process as a service (BPaaS) and combine new business, delivery and commercial models to help customers embrace the future of work. Gajen is a proven entrepreneur and business leader who has demonstrated his ability to build winning businesses within multinational corpora- tions and startups for over two decades. He can be reached at Gajen@cognizant. com | LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/pub/gajen-kandiah/1/105/67. 10 George Brandt, “Steelcase CEO on How Office Layout Impacts Corporate Culture,” Forbes, August 7, 2012 11 Tina Nielsen, “W.L. Gore,” Director Magazine, February 2010. 12 David McMillin “See Why Face-To-Face Is More Important Than Ever Before,” Professional Management Convention Association, Nov. 18, 2013. 13 From Wikipedia: “The Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a crowdsourcing Internet marketplace that enables individuals or businesses (known as requesters) to coordinate the use of human intelligence to perform tasks that computers are currently unable to do.” 14 Malcolm Frank, Paul Roehrig and Ben Pring, “Code Rules: A Playbook for Managing at the Crossroads,” Cognizant Technology Solutions, June 2013. 15 Tom Kelley, The Ten Faces of Innovation, Currency/Doubleday, 2005 (Chapter 3: The Cross-Pollinator). 16 Tom Kelley, The Ten Faces of Innovation, Currency/Doubleday, 2005 (Chapter 1: The Anthropologist). 17 “BNY Mellon: Fostering Global Inclusion and Multiculturalism,” Catalyst Knowledge Center, June 19, 2013. 18 Georges Desvaux, Sandrine Devillard-Hoellinger and Pascal Baumgarten, “Women Matter: Gender Diversity, a Corporate Performance Driver,” McKinsey & Co., March 2012.
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