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Physical Impacts of  Marine Aggregate Mining David R. Hitchcock Ph.D., M.R.I.C.S. Integrated Study on the Impact of Marine Aggregates Mining on the Physical and Biological Resources on the Seabed INTERMAR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND MARINE  MINERALS DIVISION
Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Principal Contractor is Coastline Surveys Limited, a UK based survey contractor and dredging research Consultancy Biological and statistical analysis has been carried out by Marine Ecological Surveys Limited, also based in the UK, specialising in benthic identification, ecological assessments and impact analysis
Coastline Surveys Ltd ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TSHD Geopotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TSHD ARCO Humber
What is aggregates dredging? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
UK Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Components ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
But Why? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TSHD Arco Severn
How? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Methods of Mining ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Operations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Intensive activity, Southern North Sea
Common features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Impact on Biological Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FOR MORE INFO...
Impact on Physical Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
North NAB Project Site – why? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
North NAB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Limitations ,[object Object]
Limitations ,[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Impact Fieldwork ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hamon Grab The Coastline Hamon Grab is type approved by CEFAS for offshore benthic investigations.  With a dataset collected with constantly changing equipment it is difficult for comparisons to be made.  Use of the standard Hamon Grab, as recommended in 1992 by CEFAS will improve nationwide consistency
Distribution of suspended sediments
ADCP Backscatter Surveys
Multiple plumes
ADCP Profiling June 2001
ADCP on the NAB (June 2001) ,[object Object],95m 100m 105m 105m 105m 130m 155m 200m Key: Distances in metres downstream between dredger and survey vessel 45m
ADCP on the NAB (June 2001) ,[object Object],Key: Distances in metres downstream between dredger and survey vessel 45m 210m
ADCP on the NAB (June 2001) ,[object Object],Key: Longitudinal distances in metres downstream between dredger and survey vessel 45m 45m 820m 820m 35m 820m
Water sampling (June 2001) ,[object Object]
Water sampling (June 2001) ,[object Object],Cast 4 Cast 5 Cast 1 Cast 2
City of Rochester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
City of Rochester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
City of Rochester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geopotes Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geopotes Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geopotes Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geopotes Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
City of Chichester
City of Chichester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object]
City of Chichester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object]
City of Chichester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object]
City of Chichester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object]
City of Chichester Plume () ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sidescan Sonar Mosaic Sidescan sonar mosaic of the eastern approaches to the Solent.  This encompasses the NAB Area 122/3 shown in RED and the active dredging zones in BLUE and GREEN. Also NAB Tower.
June 1999 sidescan sonar mosaicing Enlarged portion of the previous mosaic.  Clearly shows the NAB Tower, different sediment types in the shipping channel, and the dredge holes formed by anchor dredging.  Some of the sample locations are also shown.
June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing The June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing clearly shows the increased area of active dredging and the localised test loads and trail dredging operations.  There is a small development of ripples to the North West of the site but this is across the tide and probably was present during the baseline study in 1999, surveyed at a coarser resolution.
June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing Despite a finer resolution than the baseline survey in 1999, there is no evidence of sand ripple development upstream or downstream from the dredge site.  The topographic lows formed by the dredging are clearly seen on the sidescan, and it has been possible to carefully check the seabed around the dredge hole for signs of any overspilled material.
Sediment analysis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sediment analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],BRAY-CURTIS SIMILARITY 100. 90. 80. 70. 98  67  43  25  148  151  133  79  150  37  143  32  20  146  38  149  53  91  109  7  104  40  34  145  121  120  23  106  92  73  76  39  124  129  6  71  36  1  132  62  35  11  144  87  42  65  69  108  59  141  138  116  24  93  89  10  9  88  68  131  8  147  125  113  72  56  54  18  17  139  122  75  41  118  140  135  90  77  127  70  123  119  58  137  78  57  136  97  126  115  94  96  95  117  142  85  64  134  84  86  49  47  27  99  82  81  63  45  80  44  46  28  1 3 4 2 134 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 17 18 20 23 24 25 27 28 32 34 35 36 59 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 53 54 56 57 58 59 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 104 106 108 109 113 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 129 131 132 133 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 Stress = 0.04 1 2 3 4
Sediment province by multivariate analysis Isle of Wight 1° 05' W 1° 00' W 0° 55' W 50° 40' N Nab Tower 7  8  9  10  11  17  18  20  23  24  25  27  28  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  53  54  56  57  58  59  62  63  64  65  68  69  70  71  72  73  75  76 77 78  79  80  81  82  88  89  90  91  92  93  94  95  96  97  98  99  104  106  108  109  113  115 116  117 118 119  120 121  122  123 124  125  126  127  129  6  1  32  49  67  84  85  86  87  131  132  133  140 137  139 134 136  138 135  141 50° 42' N 50° 38' N land sands at low tide depth < 10 metres depth > 10 metres number  Hamon grab station 1 nautical mile 142 143 144  146  145  150 151 148 147 149
June 1999 sonar correlation with sediments
Impact on sediments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],50 ° 40' N 0 ° 58' W 90 91 92 93 94 75 23 24 39 40 41 42 56 57 58 59 76 77 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 126 125 127 141 138 135 140 136 137 139 134 134 number trailing dredge patch since 1998 anchor dredging patch since 1994 anchor dredging patch since 1991 Hamon grab station centre of dredge pit May 1999
June 1999 sonar correlation with fauna
Underwater video imagery ,[object Object],[object Object],A second attempt was made using a small inspection class ROV – however tides were too strong and even mounting the ROV in the grab frame didn’t improve the images
Towed video The camera was originally pointing forward when deployed – but a minor snag with a discarded fishing net or lobster potline tilted the camera backwards – hence the image is upside down Frame grabbing of the video is inefficient – these 20 seconds are 32Mb – but the image shows a rough ground with gravelly sediments in between – the drift is in the middle of the heavily worked area, within the pits themselves.  There is no evidence of benthic organism (as would be expected immediately following dredging) although some small fish and a crab are encountered
Physical Impact Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Impact - conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
and finally…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],INTERMAR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND MARINE  MINERALS DIVISION

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Mms csl nabfinal 2002 ld

  • 1. Physical Impacts of Marine Aggregate Mining David R. Hitchcock Ph.D., M.R.I.C.S. Integrated Study on the Impact of Marine Aggregates Mining on the Physical and Biological Resources on the Seabed INTERMAR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND MARINE MINERALS DIVISION
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  • 23. Hamon Grab The Coastline Hamon Grab is type approved by CEFAS for offshore benthic investigations. With a dataset collected with constantly changing equipment it is difficult for comparisons to be made. Use of the standard Hamon Grab, as recommended in 1992 by CEFAS will improve nationwide consistency
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  • 46. Sidescan Sonar Mosaic Sidescan sonar mosaic of the eastern approaches to the Solent. This encompasses the NAB Area 122/3 shown in RED and the active dredging zones in BLUE and GREEN. Also NAB Tower.
  • 47. June 1999 sidescan sonar mosaicing Enlarged portion of the previous mosaic. Clearly shows the NAB Tower, different sediment types in the shipping channel, and the dredge holes formed by anchor dredging. Some of the sample locations are also shown.
  • 48. June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing The June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing clearly shows the increased area of active dredging and the localised test loads and trail dredging operations. There is a small development of ripples to the North West of the site but this is across the tide and probably was present during the baseline study in 1999, surveyed at a coarser resolution.
  • 49. June 2001 sidescan sonar mosaicing Despite a finer resolution than the baseline survey in 1999, there is no evidence of sand ripple development upstream or downstream from the dredge site. The topographic lows formed by the dredging are clearly seen on the sidescan, and it has been possible to carefully check the seabed around the dredge hole for signs of any overspilled material.
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  • 52. Sediment province by multivariate analysis Isle of Wight 1° 05' W 1° 00' W 0° 55' W 50° 40' N Nab Tower 7 8 9 10 11 17 18 20 23 24 25 27 28 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 53 54 56 57 58 59 62 63 64 65 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 104 106 108 109 113 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 129 6 1 32 49 67 84 85 86 87 131 132 133 140 137 139 134 136 138 135 141 50° 42' N 50° 38' N land sands at low tide depth < 10 metres depth > 10 metres number Hamon grab station 1 nautical mile 142 143 144 146 145 150 151 148 147 149
  • 53. June 1999 sonar correlation with sediments
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  • 55. June 1999 sonar correlation with fauna
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  • 57. Towed video The camera was originally pointing forward when deployed – but a minor snag with a discarded fishing net or lobster potline tilted the camera backwards – hence the image is upside down Frame grabbing of the video is inefficient – these 20 seconds are 32Mb – but the image shows a rough ground with gravelly sediments in between – the drift is in the middle of the heavily worked area, within the pits themselves. There is no evidence of benthic organism (as would be expected immediately following dredging) although some small fish and a crab are encountered
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