1. Mechanical Ventilation In ARDS Versus COPD Prof. Dr Alaa Koraa Dr. Hanaa El Gendy

2.   Normal or      No air trapping Normal  Normal   Little effect  ( < 75% predicted ) Normal or     Air trapping  Normal   -FEV1: normally >80% of FVC. -FVC -FEV1/ FVC ratio -VC -TLC -RV -FRC -MMEFR=FEFR 25-75% of VC -Total compliance - Airway resistance - Work of breathing Restrictive Obstructive PFT

3. Spirograph In Different Respiratory Diseases

4. Normal Flow Volume Loop

5. Flow-Volume Loops In Different Respiratory Diseases

8. What Cause ALI? Direct injury (primary, pulmonary) Indirect Injury (secondary, extrapulmonary)

9. Pathologic Changes In ARDS

24. Measurement of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-induced alveolar recruitment using the pressure–volume (PV) curve. The PV curves of the respiratory system recorded from zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and from PEEP are superimposed on a common volume axis. '0' volume corresponds to the end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) on ZEEP. The first point of the PEEP PV curve corresponds to the increase in EELV induced by PEEP (Δ EELV). On this example, the recruitment induced by PEEP is measured at a pressure of 20 cmH2O.

25. Adjuvant Therapy With Ventilation used in ARDS

30. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

33. Static Lung Volumes

34. <30 or 30-50 with Chronic Respiratory Failure symptoms <0.7 Very Severe COPD 30-49 <0.7 Severe COPD 50-79 <0.7 Moderate COPD ≥ 80 <0.7 Mild COPD ≥ 80 >0.7 At risk FEV1 % predicted Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC Severity

35. Pathophysiology

38. After the third breath, the airway was occluded at end-expiration using the end-expiratory hold function on the ventilator. During the period of zero flow, pressure in the alveoli and ventilator circuit equilibrate, and the plateau pressure reflects auto or intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi), indicated by the arrow .

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