6. Eight Principles Patient’s Starting Position What is the desired treatment effect? To relive pain Stretch for stiffness
7. Therapist Staring Position Guidelines Therapist has to have complete control It necessary to be in a position so that forces are applied in direction of restriction Be sure to use all mechanical advantage
8. Localization of Force Principals Avoid tight grip Grip enough to perform the movement safely Have good control be able to assess movement as it occurs Remember comfort of grip and the location of forces may be dictated by the patient Example: response to movement pain
9. Application of forces general principles Therapist arms and body should be the prime movers which deliver the passive movement to the patient’s body part ( Maitland ) Hands act as sensing agent for movement.
10. Grades Of Movement Grades of Passive movement can be used to denote the position in the available range and the amplitude at which the technique of passive movement is being performed.