The document discusses different types of adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions. It provides examples of how adjectives modify nouns and can be used in comparative and superlative forms. Examples are also given of how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs by describing manner, place, frequency, time, and purpose. Prepositions are defined as describing relationships between words, and common prepositions like at, on, in, to, for, and since are explained with examples of their uses.

1. Medical Technology Career
English II
By: Blanche Núñez
October 8th 2012

3.  Adjectives are words that describe or modify
another person or thing in the sentence.
 The Articles — a, an, and the — are adjectives.
 For example:
 the tall professor
 the lugubrious lieutenant
 a month's pay

4.  Adjectives nearly always appear immediately
before the noun or noun phrase that they
modify.
 Sometimes they appear in a string of
adjectives, and when they do, they appear in a
set order according to category.
 For example:
 the tall professor

5.  Adjectives can express degrees of modification.
 The degrees are known as the positive,
 the comparative, and the superlative.
 We use the comparative for comparing two
things and the superlative for comparing three
or more things.
COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

6.  COMPARATIVE  SUPERLATIVE
 Use THAN  Use THE
 Suffix – er  Suffix –est
 If the adjective of  If the adjective of
two or more two or more
syllables ends in syllables ends in
«y», add –ier . «y», add –iest.
 Use MORE when an  Use MOST when
adjective has more an adjective has
than one syllable. more than one
syllable.

7.  Tom is old. He is 70.  …Joe is 120. He is the
But Paul is 83. He is oldest.
older than Tom.
 A pocket camera is  ...But a digital camera
expensive... A reflex is the most expensive
camera is more expensive of the three
than a pocket camera.

8. rich richer richest
lovely lovelier loveliest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
Much,many, some more most
far further furthest

9.  Do not use more along with a comparative
adjective formed with –er.
 Do not use most along with a superlative
adjective formed with -est
 something is more heavier or most heaviest).
 The as — as construction is used to create a
comparison expressing equality:
 She is as bright as her mother.

10.  The order in which adjectives in a series sort
themselves out is perplexing for people
learning English as a second language.
 It takes a lot of practice with a language before
this order becomes instinctive, because the
order often seems quite arbitrary.
 The categories in the following table can be
described as follows:

12. School is boring, but homework
more boring
is_________________ than school.
Source
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm

14.  Adverbs are words that modify
 a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
 an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast
was his car?)
 another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the
aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

15.  Adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under
what conditions something happens or happened.
 Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many
words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an
adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a
guarantee that a word is an adverb.
 The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly,
neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:
 That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

16.  Often these adverbs are formed by adding -ly
to the end of an adjective.
 Adjectives ending -l add -ly ; careful-carefully.
 Adjectives ending -y change to -ily ; lucky-
luckily
 Adjectives ending -ble change to -bly ;
responsible-responsibly.
 Adjectives ending – ic change to –ally; fantastic
- fantastically

17.  Adverbs of Manner (How something happens)
She moved slowly and spoke quietly.
 Carefully, correctly,eagerly,easily,fast, loudly, patiently,quickly
 Adverbs of Place (Where something happens)
She has lived on the island all her life.
 Abroad,anywhere,downstairs,here,in,nowhere,out,outside,there
 Adverbs of Frequency (How often something happens)
She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
 Always, sometimes, usually, seldom,rarely, never
 Adverbs of Time (When something happens)
She tries to get back before dark.
 After, later, just, now recently, tomorrow, yesterday, soon
 Adverbs of Purpose (Why something happens)
She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
 To, in order to, accidentally, intentionally, because, since, so that

18.  One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability
to move around in a sentence. Adverbs of
manner are particularly flexible in this regard.
 Solemnly the minister addressed her congregation.
 The minister solemnly addressed her congregation.
 The minister addressed her congregation solemnly.

19.  The following adverbs of frequency appear in
various points in these sentences:
 Before the main verb:
 I never get up before nine o'clock.
 Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb:
 I have rarely written to my brother without a good
reason.
 Before the verb used to:
 I always used to see him at his summer home.

20.  Indefinite adverbs of time can appear either
before the verb or between the auxiliary and
the main verb:
 He finally showed up for batting practice.
 She has recently retired.

21. THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS
Verb Manner Place Frequency Time Purpose
every to keep in
Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool before dawn
morning shape.
every to get a
Dad walks impatiently into town before supper
afternoon newspaper.
Tashonda every
in her room before lunch.
naps morning
In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to
have a string of adverbial modifiers beyond two or three
(at the most). Because the placement of adverbs is so
flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move
to the beginning of the sentence: "Every afternoon before
supper, Dad impatiently walks into town to get a
newspaper." When that happens, the introductory
adverbial modifiers are usually set off with a comma.

22. careful
Sue is a (careful)___________ girl.
She takes her medicines
carefully
_______________.

24.  A preposition describes a relationship between
other words in a sentence.
 Prepositions are nearly always combined with
other words in structures called prepositional
phrases.
 Example:
 You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk).

25.  We use at to designate specific times.
 The train is due at 12:15 p.m.
 We use on to designate days and dates.
 My brother is coming on Monday.
 We're having a party on the Fourth of July.
 We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a
month, a season, or a year.
 She likes to jog in the morning.
 It's too cold in winter to run outside.

26.  We use at for specific addresses.
 Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
 We use on to designate names of streets, avenues,
etc.
 Her house is on Boretz Road.
 And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns,
counties, states, countries, and continents).
 She lives in Durham.
 Durham is in Windham County.

27.  We use to in order to express movement toward a
place.
 They were driving to work together.
 Toward and towards are also helpful prepositions to
express movement. These are simply variant
spellings of the same word; use whichever sounds
better to you.
 We're moving toward the light.
 With the words home, downtown, uptown, inside,
outside, downstairs, upstairs, we use no preposition.
 Grandma went upstairs

28.  We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes,
hours, days, months, years).
 She held his breath for seven minutes.
 We use since with a specific date or time.
 He's worked here since 1970.
 See the chart for others prepositions and their usage.

29.  There are hardly any rules as to when to use
which preposition. The only way to learn
prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary,
reading a lot in English (literature) and
learning useful phrases off by heart (study
tips).