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1. B ASIC M OTIVATION C ONCEPT

4. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic Motivation: Stems from the work environment external to the task and it is usually applied by someone other than the person being motivated. Intrinsic Motivation : Stems from the direct relationship between the worker and the task and it is usually self-applied.

7. Motivation

8. Maslow

9. Maslow’s Theory PHSIOLOGICAL SAFETY SOCIAL SECURITY SELF ESTEEM SELF ACTUALIZATION

10. Drucker

11. Likert Likert developed a refined classification, breaking down organizations into four management systems. 1st System – Primitive authoritarian 2nd System – Benevolent authoritarian 3rd System – Consultative 4th System – Participative As per the opinion of Likert, the 4th system is the best, not only for profit organizations, but also for non-profit firms.

13. Argyris

14. Herzberg Frederick Herzberg has tried to modify Maslow’s need Hierarchy theory. His theory is also known as two-factor theory or Hygiene theory. He devised his theory on the question : “What do people want from their jobs ?” He asked people to describe in detail, such situations when they felt exceptionally good or exceptionally bad. From the responses that he received, he concluded that opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. He states that presence of certain factors in the organization is natural and the presence of the same does not lead to motivation. However, their non-presence leads to De-motivation. In similar manner there are certain factors, the absence of which causes no dissatisfaction, but their presence has motivational impact.

17. McGregor

19. Mayo Tendency to act in a specific way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual to make this simple, expectancy theory says that an employee can be motivated to perform better when their is a belief that the better performance will lead to good performance appraisal and that this shall result into realization of personal goal in form of some reward. Therefore an employee is : Motivation = Valence x Expectancy. The theory focuses on three things : Efforts and performance relationship Performance and reward relationship Rewards and personal goal relationship