This document discusses embedded systems and provides details about various aspects. It defines embedded systems as devices used to control, monitor or assist equipment operation. Embedded systems consist of custom hardware and a real-time operating system. It describes common embedded system components like CPUs, memory, input/output devices. It also discusses recent embedded system technologies like ARMS, NEST, MoBIES and PCES and their applications in areas like automotive, medical, military and more. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the importance of embedded systems in daily life and the need for engineers to advance embedded system technology.

1. NAME : BALAJI.M.S
VIGNESHWARAN.R
DEPARTMENT : DECE
YEAR : 3RD YEAR
COLLEGE : S.I.T Polytechnic college
TRICHY-10

2. ¤ INTRODUCTION
¤ ARCHITECTURE
¤ HARDWARE IN ES
¤ CATEGORIES
¤ ARMS
¤ MoBIES
¤ PCES
¤ NEST
¤ CONCLUSION

3. According to the Institution of Electrical
Engineers, “Embedded systems are devices used to
control, monitor or assist the operation of
equipment, machinery, or plant”.
It consists of Hardware and software with more
functionality to be worked on real time to do a
particular task.

4. Every embedded system consists of
custom – built hardware built around a
Central Processing Unit (CPU).
It’s a program that manages the
hardware and masks the details of the
hardware.
It Controls access of other application
programs to the CPU.
A REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM is a
background program that controls the
execution of a number of application
subtasks and facilitates communication
between the subtasks.

6. INPUT DEVICES:
- Many embedded systems
will have a small keypad-you press
one key to give a specific command.
- They take I/Ps from sensors
or transducers & produce electrical
signals.
OUTPUT DEVICES:
* Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
* Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
* Transducers
* Any other external devices

7. The memory is categorized as
Random Access Memory
(RAM) and Read Only
Memory (ROM).
 RAM:
- Stores firmware
 ROM:
- After the power is switched
on, the CPU reads the
ROM, the program is
transferred to RAM and
program is executed.

8.  The CPU is a unit that
centrally fetches &
processes a set of general-
purpose instructions.
 The CPU can be of the
following:-
Microcontroller, microproc
essor or Digital Signal
Processor (DSP).

9. $ Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-
422, RS-485 etc
$ Synchronous Serial Communication Interface:
I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced Synchronous Serial
Interface).
$ Universal Serial Bus (USB)
$ Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc)
$ Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)

10. Stand-alone
Embedded Systems
Real-time Systems
Network Information
Appliances

11.  SPECIALITIES:
- Performance
- Low Power Consumption
- Effective Cost
- Small Size
- Software Up gradation capability
 APPLICATIONS:
- Reliability
- Flexibility
- Maintainability
- Safety
- Security

12. There are four recent technologies in the embedded
systems. They are
 ARMS
 NEST
 MoBIES
 PCES

13. ADAPTIVE & REFLECTIVE MIDDLE WARE SYSTEMS
The objective of ARMS is to create the new
generation of middleware technologies for distributed
real-time & embedded (DRE) combat systems.
APPLICATIONS
Sensor systems
Command & control systems
Engagement systems
Weapons control systems
Weapons systems

14. $ Model-Based Integration of Embedded Systems
$ The objective of MoBIES is to develop technology to
flexibly integrate the physics of the underlying domain
with the embedded software design tools in order to
custom-tailor the software process to the application.
Complex
Complex Embedded Operational
but Inert Software Embedded
Machine System

15.  Program composition of
embedded systems
 The objective of PCES is to
create programming
language & compiler
technology that enables
developers to safely &
productively weave cross-
cutting aspects with real-time
(RT) embedded program
functionality

16.  Networked Embedded Software Technology
 The objective of NEST is to develop robust
coordination & synthesis services to support
networked embedded systems of 100 to
1,000,000 nodes

17. • AIRCRAFT ELECTRONICS
• AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS
• TRAINS
• TELECOMMUNICATION
• MEDICAL SYSTEMS
• MILITARY APPLICATIONS
• CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
• FABRICATION EQUIPMENTS
• SMART BUILDINGS
• ROBOTICS

18.  Impossible without the
computer.
 Meaningless without the
electronics.
 All are custom chips.
 In Sewing Machines.

20. ATM with high
security introduced in
foreign countries.
It also checks the finger
print of the customer
along with the card and
secret code.

24. The embedded system plays a vital role in all
aspects which we use in day to day life…..
 As a Electronic Engineers, we must dedicated
our knowledge to make the embedded system
more advanced…..