Smart grids & smart meters allow for two-way communication between utilities and customers. They provide benefits like improved revenue management, reduced meter reading costs, and enhanced customer service. Smart metering is part of the evolution of advanced metering infrastructure and is key to enabling the functions of the smart grid, like demand response, outage management, and integrating renewable energy. However, consumers also have concerns about smart metering related to costs, benefits, privacy, and dynamic pricing that must be addressed.

1. 1
SUMMARY ON
SMART GRIDS &
SMART METERS
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2. 2
AMR - Automatic
Meter Reading
AMI – Advanced
Metering Infrastructure
AGI – Advanced
Grid Infrastructure
Benefits
Revenue mgmt.
Reduced intrusion
Circa 1985 Circa 2000 Circa 2007
Typical Functionality
Monthly
kWh
readings
Daily kWh
readings Disconnect
/ reconnect
On-demand
reads
Outage
management
support
Load
control
Limited
hourly data
Expanded
hourly data
Demand
Response
Downline
automation
Home area
network
interface
Technologies
Walk-by radio
Drive-by radio
Fixed radio
PLC – 1 way
PLC – 2 way
Fixed/Tower RF–2 way
Star and mesh radio
Broadband/WiMax??
Customer service
Outage restoration
Asset management
Enhanced customer svc.
Outage identification
System planning
Reduced losses
Demand response
Feeder automation
Web applications
?
Evolution of Advanced Metering
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•Planning
•CIS
•GIS
•OMS
•WFM
•AVL
•Asset Mgmt
•Others
• AMI
• SCADA
• Crew
Dispatch
• Generation
& load
dispatch
• Others
Data
Acquisition
and Control
Data
Management
Engine(s)
Integration
Bus
Applications
Wide Area Network Strategies
• Backhaul / bulk
• Medium to broadband
• Data, video, voice
• Public and private
• RF, fiber, satellite
Local Area Network Strategies
• “Last Mile” and AMI
systems
• Low to Medium band
• RF and PLC
Home Area Networks
• Emerging
technologies
• Zigbee, Insteon, Z-
Wave, 6LoWPAN, etc
Home
automation &
generation
Meters
Down-line
automation & asset
management
Crew Mgmt.
Substations
Typical Smart Grid components
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Core AMI Technology  PLC RF Mesh RF Tower Digital Cellular WiMAX / WiFi
Vendors
Aclara
Cooper
L+G
Cooper
Elster
Itron
Landis+Gyr
SilverSpring
Tantalus
(hybrid)
Trilliant
Sensus
Aclara
SmartSynch
Consert
Other start-ups
SkyTeq
Other start-ups
Optimal deployment
scenarios
Rapid, system
wide
Rapid, system
wide
Rapid, system
wide
Targeted
Trial system (in 2
– 3 years)
Communications status Power-Line Unlicensed Licensed Public Public
Maturity of systems High Moderate Moderate Very Low Very Low
Capital cost of
Infrastructure : annual
operating expense
Medium : Low Medium : Low Medium : Low Low : High High : Medium
Data throughput Low to moderate
Moderate to
high
Moderate to
high
Moderate to high Very High
Ability to serve
customer based
SmartGrid applications
Low to medium Medium to high Medium to high Medium to high High
Ability to serve
SmartGrid applications
Medium High High Low High
Summary Technology comparison
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Need for MDM:
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Multiple
data
sources
Accurate
and timely
data
Secure
data
storage
Create and
disseminate
information
• AMI
• Manual
Readings
• SCADA
• OMS
• MWF
• Other
• Validating, Editing
and Estimating
(for hourly data)
• Standards and
rules for service
order creation
• Proactive
assurance of data
availability
• Audit trail
• Securely manages
1,000 times more
data/meter than CIS or
AMI systems can.
• Tags for weather,
demographic and other
operational
characteristics
• Manage and access
non-traditional meter
data, e.g., PQ, volts,
etc.
• Interface to billing systems
• Interface for Customer
Service Reps
• Create TOU billing
summaries
• Provide summary data
• Support operation &
planning needs
• Platform for customer web
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6. 6
Motivation for the
Standardization Roadmap
• Support of the vision „Smart Grid“ during realization
– The importance of standardization is emphasized in all discussion about
Smart Grid
 Chapter 3.4 – Benefits of Smart Grids and their standardization
• A lot of standardization activities are starting
– Standardization roadmap as basis for a German position in national and
international standardization
– Providing the knowledge from R&D projects like the German E-Energy-
Projects in standardization
• Intersectoral topic with a lot of stakeholders and interfaces
– Collecting and summarizing various national activities
• Information about existing standards and current activities
– „Not reinventing the wheel again and again“
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Motivation for a Smart Grid on the basis of the energy management triangle –
political
objectives and technical implementation
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Avoidance of grid
bottlenecks Electromobility
Distribution and Renewable
Energy Resources
Storage Energy efficiency
Growth in consumption
Energy autonomy Security of supply
Society
Political Objectives
Technology / Implementation

8. 8
Definition of „Smart Grid“ –
One example of the DKE-Committee SMART.GRID
The term „Smart Grid“ (an intelligent energy supply system)
comprises
• networking and control of intelligent generators, storage
facilities, loads and network operating equipment
• in power transmission and distribution networks
• with the aid of Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT).
• The objective is to ensure sustainable and environmentally
sound power supply by means of transparent, energy- and
cost-efficient, safe and reliable system operation.
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Communication between
system components
Smart Grid – Intelligent Energy Supply
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Interdisciplinary technologies:
Data collection, processing and recombination
Market Grid Operation
Smart
Grid
Smart
Generation
Smart
Distribution and
Transmission
Smart
Consumption
Smart
Storage

10. 10
A lot of further definitions about the
term
„Smart Grid“• IEC
• European Technology Platform ETP Smart Grids
• ERGEG – European Regulators
• BDEW - German Association of Energy and Water Industries
• NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology
• …
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What is a Smart Grid?
Like blinded men with an elephant.
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Quelle: E-Energy Jahreskongress 2009
Prof. Gunter Dueck
Various perspectives
on a Smart Grid

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Integration into the
International Standardization
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IEC Council
SMB
Technical Committees
e.g. TC 57
WG
13
International Standardization
System operators /suppliers
Manufacturers
Consultants
Academics
Authorities (GOs)
Other organizations
(NGOs)
European standardization
Technical Committee
e.g. DKE K 952
AK 15
AK 10
National Standardization
System operators /suppliers
Manufacturers
Consultants
Academics
Authorities (GOs)
Other organizations
(NGOs)
WG
14
AK 19
WG
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SMART GRID: WHAT IS IT?
• New metering and communication system,
.e.g, “smart” meters: demand response;
pricing options
• T&D investments to “modernize”
communications, sensors, grid design and
operation: manage outages; energy storage;
intermittent resources
• Customer side of the meter: In Home Devices
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SMART GRID: JURISDICTION
• Federal policies are not mandatory; states have discretion about adopting
any PURPA policies, including Smart Grid policies in the Energy Policy Acts
of 2005 and 2007
• FERC regulates wholesale markets and supervises RTOs; required to
establish “just and reasonable” rates
• States regulate utility distribution rates (and generation supply portfolios
and rate design in states with and without restructuring); approve cost
recovery; establish retail tariffs and prices for retail electricity service
• Smart Grid is primarily a matter for state regulation
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Smart Grid: What is the purpose?
• More efficient operations, .e.g. eliminate meter reading
and field visit jobs
• Enable Demand Response programs: direct load
control, dynamic pricing
• Enable distributed resources to be integrated into grid
operations
• Improve reliability of service: outage detection and
management
• Improve grid operations and efficiency; integrate
renewables
• Link customer’s side of the meter to utility operations:
in-home devices, appliances
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SMART METERING
• Advanced or smart meters: Only achieves part of this
vision
• Most utilities focus primarily on Advanced Metering
systems and rarely propose Smart Grid plans or
investment decisions
• Smart Meter proposals often claim to represent crucial
part of future Smart Grid plans
• Unknown ratepayer costs for investment to obtain
modernization of the Transmission and Distribution
grids
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Consumers Have Serious Questions
about Smart Metering
• Costs:
– Rate impacts
– Technology obsolescence
– Retire existing working meters
• Benefits:
– Operational cost savings: elimination of jobs re meter reading;
field operations
– Demand Response: implementation of dynamic pricing
– Energy conservation or consumption reduction
– Part of implementation of Smart Grid for T&D operations:
integrate renewables; enable Electric Vehicles
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CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT COSTS
• Utilities often seek separate tracker to assure cost
recovery outside of a base rate case: consumers bear
full responsibility for actual costs as they occur
• Potential for higher bills for low use and low income
customers
• New technologies: who bears risk of wrong choice?
[VCRs vs. DVDs vs. DVRs]
• Smart Metering proposals may be only a downpayment
on unknown future Smart Grid investments
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CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT
BENEFITS
• Benefits are estimated over a 15-20 year period; degree of
accuracy never calculated
• To document cost effectiveness, utilities sometimes seek
demand response and supply side benefits that make up over
50% of costs and that require estimates of future prices of
capacity and energy
• Demand Response benefits have yet to be proven in any full
scale implementation of dynamic pricing: customer participation
rates; persistence of results; impacts of wholesale market
structure on value of DR and means to return this value to
customers
• Can low use and low income/elderly customers see benefits or
only costs?
• Who bears the risk that these estimates are wrong?
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CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT
BENEFITS
• Utilities seek to justify their smart metering approach
without any analysis of alternative means to obtain DR
results from residential customers: direct load control
works and is less costly; do not need AMI for this
technology
• Utilities typically do not include customer costs to
actually bring the usage data into the home or connect
to any appliance: in-home devices and new appliances
are not cheap!
• Estimated price for the new EV autos? $40,000 and
more
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CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT
DYNAMIC PRICING
• AMI is being used as a justification for demanding that
residential customers move to TOU or dynamic pricing as
“default”
• Consumers want and need stable and fixed prices for
service essential to their health and well being
• TOU rates NOT popular for a reason
• Concern about bill impacts on some customer groups:
low income; elderly; disabled. CA pilot results show very
low elasticity of demand for low income but rarely
studied directly
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CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT
CONSUMER PROTECTIONS
• Utilities typically couple smart metering with the functionality of
remote connection and disconnection of the meter;
disconnection for nonpayment should be accompanied by a
premise visit and attempt to contact the customer to avoid
disconnection
• These new meters may give rise to a host of degraded service
options, e.g., prepayment (pay in advance and automatically
disconnect when meter is not fed); service limiters
• New privacy concerns will become evident with the access to
individual household usage information: Is anybody home? What
appliances are being used? Who can access this data and for what
purpose?
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SMART GRID AND THE CUSTOMER SIDE OF THE METER: WHO IS
IN CHARGE?
• Promoters of a “smarter” grid emphasize how customers can
be “empowered”
• Dynamic pricing does not “empower” customers; it presents a
Hobson’s Choice to many low use, low income, and elderly
customers who must use electricity during peak hours
• Customers prefer Peak Time Rebate option in which
customers are rewarded for peak load reduction
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SMART GRID AND ELECTRIC POWERED
VEHICLES
• An EV will increase household load factor by 50% or more at peak
hours (source: BG&E executive)
• Significant burden on utility transformers and distribution system
• What if off-peak usage gets more expensive due to demand?
• Questions:
– Who pays: all customers or cost causers? Ratepayers or
taxpayers?
– Should this potential development be used to demand TOU
rates for all?
– Can plug in devices control time of energy flow?
– In home or neighborhood plug in options?
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T&D INVESTMENTS
• Smart Grid investments for T&D systems
should be linked to delivery of customer
benefits:
– Establish a baseline that identifies current status of smart grid
investments in T&D systems
– Condition rate recovery to enforceable reliability objectives—
reduce frequency and duration of outages; reduce customer
outage costs
– Target distribution investments where they are likely to have
most significant results
– Demonstrate ability to integrate intermittent resources and
distributed resources
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SMART GRID: REGULATORY
RESPONSE
• KEY RECOMMENDATION: Let’s be “smart”
about “smart grid”
– Utilities should link proposed investments to
specific functionalities
– What incremental investments are required?
Who pays?
– At what cost? Over what period of time?
– What enforceable promises are made to deliver
the benefits to end use customers?
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WE NEED SMART REGULATORY POLICIES FOR SMART
GRID
• Endorsement of utilities “wants” based on magic words or
inchoate promises would not be “smart”
• Presumption should be for rate recovery that links costs and
benefits: utilities must assume some of the risks that their
estimates are wrong
• Base rate recovery preferred to separate trackers or surcharges
• Smart Grid and smart metering must not be used as a means to
impose dramatic changes in retail rate design for residential
customers
– Dynamic and time-based price programs must remain optional on an “opt in”
basis
– Rewards in the form of credits for peak usage reduction should be the
preferred approach
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OUT LINE
 What is Smart Meter
 Why we have to develop Smart Meter
 Smart Meter to Smart Grid
 Smart Grid
 Smart grid functions
 Obstacles
 Smart Grid in Other Countries
 Learn from Other Countries
 Smart Grid in Taiwan
 Future Life with Smart Grid
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V.S

29. 29
What is Smart Meter
compare with tradition meter
• A new electricity meter
which can eliminate many
labor-intensive business
process
• You can know power using
information in every hour, or
even in every second
• The part of Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (
AMI )
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30. 30
Why we have to develop Smart Meter
• Greenhouse effect
• Economize power by
change our way in using
power
• Decrease power wasting
caused by meter
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Smart Meter to Smart Grid
• Smart Grid is a concept of
use power efficiently
• AMI support the Smart
Grid of the future
• Smart Grid provide
advance metering
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Smart Grid(1/2)
• keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system
• use superconductive transmission lines for less
power loss
• It can run at arbitrary hours
• the capability of integrating alternative sources
• multiple networks and multiple power generation
companies with multiple operators employing
• provide the bi-directional metering needed to
compensate local producers of power
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Smart Grid(2/2)
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Smart grid functions
• Be able to heal itself
• consumers participation
• Resist attack
• Provide higher quality power
• Accommodate all generation
• Enable electricity markets to flourish
• Optimize assets
• Enable higher penetration of intermittent power
generation sources
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Obstacles
• regulatory environments that don't
reward utilities for operational
efficiency
• consumer concerns over privacy
• social concerns over "fair"
availability of electricity
• limited ability of utilities to rapidly
transform their business and
operational environment to take
advantage of smart grid
technologies
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Smart Grid in Other Countries(1/2)
• Europe
– Grid upgrade plan
– Legislation
• America
– U.S. stimulus package
– “Three Advanced”
• Advanced Hardware
• Advanced Software/Systems
• Advanced Materials
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Smart Grid in Other Countries(2/2)
• China
– An plan to develop a national smart grid by 2020
– Smart grid city
• Japan
– Island micro-grid:
Solar energy
– Smart grid island
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Learn from Other Countries
• Technology Upgrade
– “Three Advanced”
– To improve…
• Integration
• Standardization
• Localization
– Ex: Renewable source
• User friendly
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Smart Grid in Taiwan
• a plan by Taiwan power since 2008
– 1st stage(08~09)
• UHV users
• AMR
(Automatic Meter Reading System)
– 2nd stage(10~11)
• HV users
• Domestic smart grid
– 3rd stage(11~)
• LV users
• universal
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Future Life with Smart Grid
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Quotation
• http://www.digitimes.com.tw/tw/dt/n/shwnws.asp?CnlID=13&Cat=&Cat1=&id=167866
• http://blog.udn.com/ctang/2324868
• http://translate.google.com.tw/translate?hl=zh-TW&sl=en&tl=zh-
TW&u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSmart_grid
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjyugl8Hncw&feature=related
• http://www.taiwangreenenergy.org.
• http://fund.pchome.com.tw/magazine/report/po/taiwannews/1850/1267027200607950020
01.htmtw/Domain/domain-5.aspx
• http://www.eettaiwan.com/ART_8800588601_480402_TA_b76706cb.HTM
• http://www.libnet.sh.cn:82/gate/big5/www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.aspx?id=5398
• “Smart Grid” Thomas J. Gentile, 2009 IEEE-USA Annual Meeting
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