1. Internet
Aziza Alvee
Rashid

2. What is
Internet? computer
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected
networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks
that consists of millions of
private, public, academic, business, and government
networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad
array of electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of
information resources and services, such as the inter-linked
hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the
infrastructure to support email.

3. History of
Internet of electronic
• The history of the Internet began with the development
computers in the 1950s. The public was first introduced to the
concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent
over the Arpanet from computer science Professor Leonard Klein
rock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after
the second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford
Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched networks such as
ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit
Network, Tyner, and Telnet, were developed in the late 1960s and early
1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to
the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple
separate networks could be joined together into a network of
networks.

4. Internet
Information
Services
• Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information Server
– is a web server software application and set of feature extension modules
created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows. IIS 7.5 supports
HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP. It is an integral part of the Windows
Server family of products as well as certain editions of Windows XP, Windows
Vista and Windows 7. IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed. The
IIS Manager is accessed through the Microsoft Management Console or
Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
• All versions of IIS prior to 7.0 running on client operating systems supported only
10 simultaneous connections and a single web site.

5. Internet Services
• The World Wide Web (WWW) -
• The Internet is growing fast. The fast growing internet is the world wide web or
the WWW. The Web is a window onto the net. It is a system, which enables you to
access information stored in computers connected to the internet. The
information is in the form of text, graphics, colour, sound as well as video.
• Communication-
• Email is an important communications service available on the Internet. The
concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way
analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet.
Pictures, documents and other files are sent as email attachments. Emails can
be cc-ed to multiple email addresses.
• Chatting is another means of communication through the internet. This means
you can talk to friends in real time just as you do over telephone. The difference
here is that instead of a voice message you will be sending a typed
message, i.e. instant message.

6. Benefits to use Internet
• Workforce productivity:
• Internets can help users to locate and view information faster and use
applications relevant to their roles and responsibilities. With the help of a
web browser interface, users can access data held in any database the
organization wants to make available, anytime and — subject to security
provisions from anywhere within the company workstations, increasing
employees' ability to perform their jobs faster, more accurately, and with
confidence that they have the right information. It also helps to improve the
services provided to the users.
• Supports a distributed computing architecture:
• The internet can also be linked to a company’s management information
system, for example a time keeping system.
• Cross-platform capability:
• Standards-compliant web browsers are available for Windows, Mac, and
UNIX.

7. Internet Access
• Internet access is the means by which individual
terminals, computers, mobile devices, and local area
networks are connected to the global Internet. It is a source
through which users can access Internet services. Internet
access is usually sold by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that
use many different technologies offering a wide range of data
rates to the end user. Consumer use first became popular
through dial-up connections in the 1980s and 1990s. By the
first decade of the 21st century, many consumers had
switched away from dial-up to dedicated connections, most
Internet access products were being marketed using the term
"broadband", and broadband penetration was being treated
as a key economic indicator.

8. Technologies of Internet
• Local Area Networks
• Local area networks (LANs) provide Internet access to computers and other
devices in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or
office building, usually at relatively high data rates that typically range from
10 to 1000 Mbit/s.[There are wired and wireless LANs.
• Dial-up access
• Dial-up access uses a modem and a phone call placed over the public
switched telephone network (PSTN) to connect to a pool of modems
operated by an ISP. The modem converts a computer's digital signal into an
analog signal that travels over a phone line's local loop until it reaches a
telephone company's switching facilities or central office (CO) where it is
switched to another phone line that connects to another modem at the
remote end of the connection.
• Wi-Fi
• Wi-Fi is the popular name for a "wireless local area network" that uses one
of the IEEE 802.11 standards. It is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance.
Individual homes and businesses often use Wi-Fi to connect laptops and
smart phones to the Internet. Wi-Fi Hotspots may be found in coffee shops
and various other public establishments. Wi-Fi is used to create campus-
wide and city-wide wireless networks.

9. Pricing and spending
• Internet access is limited by the relation between pricing and available
resources to spend. Regarding the latter, it is estimated that 40% of the
world's population has less than US$ 20 per year available to spend on ICT.
In Mexico, the poorest 30% of the society counts with an estimated US$ 35
per year and in Brazil, the poorest 22% of the population counts with
merely US$9 per year to spend on ICT. From Latin America it is known that
the borderline between ICT as a necessity good and ICT as a luxury good is
roughly around the “magical number” of US$10 per person per month, or
US$120 per year. This is the amount of ICT spending people esteem to be a
basic necessity. Current Internet access prices exceed the available
resources by large in many countries.
• Dial-up users pay the costs for making local or long distance phone
calls, usually pay a monthly subscription fee, and may be subject to
additional per minute or traffic based charges, and connect time limits by
their ISP. Though less common today than in the past, some dial-up access
is offered for "free" in return for watching banner ads as part of the dial-up
service. NetZero, Blue Light, Juno, Free net (NZ), and Free-nets are
examples of services providing free access. Some Wireless community
networks continue the tradition of providing free Internet access.

10. Growth in number of Internet users
• Access to the Internet grew from an estimated 10 million people in
1993, to almost 40 million in 1995, to 670 million in 2002, and to 2.45
billion in 2011.With market saturation, growth in the number of Internet
users is slowing in industrialized countries, but continues in Asia
Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East.
• There were roughly 0.6 billion fixed broadband subscribers and almost 1.2
billion mobile broadband subscribers in 2011.In developed countries people
frequently use both fixed and mobile broadband networks. In developing
countries mobile broadband is often the only access method available.
• Worldwide Internet users:
• 2006 2011
• World population 6.5 billion 7 billion
• Not using the Internet 82% 65%
• Using the Internet 18% 35%
• Users in the developing world 8% 22%
• Users in the developed world 10% 13%
• Users in China 2% 8%

11. Digital Divide
• The digital divide refers to “the gap between people with effective access to
information and communications technology (ICT), and those with very
limited or no access”. The gap between people with Internet access and
those without is one of many aspects of the digital divide Whether
someone has access to the Internet can depend greatly on financial
status, geographical location as well as government policies. “Low-
income, rural, and minority populations have received special scrutiny as
the technological "have-nots.
• Rural access:
• One of the great challenges for Internet access in general and for
broadband access in particular is to provide service to potential customers
in areas of low population density, such as to farmers, ranchers, and small
towns. In cities where the population density is high, it is easier for a service
provider to recover equipment costs, but each rural customer may require
expensive equipment to get connected. While 66% of Americans had an
Internet connection in 2010, that figure was only 50% in rural
areas, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project. Virgin Media
advertised over 100 towns across the United Kingdom "from Cambrian to
Clydebank" that have access to their 100 Mbit/s service. Wireless Internet
Service Provider (WISPs) are rapidly becoming a popular broadband option
for rural areas.

13. Service quality of Internet In
Bangladesh
• The Internet’s speed in Bangladesh is among the slowest in the world. As of August
2012, Bangladesh ranked 174th out of 176 countries on the Household Download
Index by Net Index.
• Internet connectivity with acceptable quality and reliability is generally quite
expensive in Bangladesh. Since connecting to the SEA-ME-WE 4 cable in 2006, the
country has seen Internet bandwidth prices drop significantly. In 2008, the
Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) slashed wholesale
Internet bandwidth prices drastically, from BDT 80,000 per Mbit/s to BDT 18,000
(approximately USD 250) per Mbit/s. In 2009, after complaints that retail prices
were still too high for slow, unreliable connections, the BTRC indicated that they
were going to begin monitoring ISPs to ensure that retail prices reflected the
reduced wholesale prices. The government sees information and communication
technologies (ICTs) as a key driver of socioeconomic development. This is reflected
in the government's "Digital Bangladesh" plan as well as the National Information
and Communication Technology Policy.[10] Bangladesh is slowly moving up in the
world-wide ICT rankings, rising from 130th in 2009 to 113th in 2012 in the
"networked readiness index". But, while its ITC ranking has improved, Bangladesh
still lags behind other low-income countries of its stature. Progress is limited due to
deficiencies in the regulatory framework and infrastructure development. And ICT
leaders are concerned that the annual budget does not support the government's
ICT goals.

14. Usage of Internet in Bangladesh
• The number of Internet subscriptions in Bangladesh grew from 186,000 in
2000 to 617,300 in 2009. However, only 0.4% of the population used the
Internet in 2009 giving Bangladesh one of the lowest usage percentages in
the world, ahead of only North Korea, Myanmar, and Sierra Leone. This
limited Internet penetration is due to many factors, including: high
costs, little local content, limited or poor service quality, lack of
infrastructure with the last mile often limited to dial-up, too many providers
competing in a relatively small market, and low literacy rates. By 2011
however, the number of Internet users in Bangladesh had seen phenomenal
growth of over 900% bringing the total number of users to 5,501,609
mainly due to wide availability of mobile Internet access.
• The main obstacle to using the Internet in Bangladesh is its distribution. The
Internet is still an urban privilege because telephone connections are more
concentrated in urban areas, particularly in and around Dhaka. Mobile
operators are providing substantial services in and outside urban areas
using EDGE/GPRS or EVDO.

18. Advantages of using the Internet
• There many advantages to using the internet such as:
• Email:
• Email is now an essential communication tools in business. It is also excellent for
keeping in touch with family and friends. The advantages to email is that it is free (
no charge per use) when compared to telephone, fax and postal services.
• Information.
• There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about
every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs
and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support.
• Services.
• Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job
seeking and applications, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not
available off-line or cost more.
• Buy or sell products.
• The internet is a very effective way to buy and sell products all over the world.
• Communities.
• Communities of all types have sprung up on the internet. Its a great way to meet up
with people of similar interest and discuss common issues

19. Disadvantages of internet
• The disadvantages of Internet are that we get addicted to
Internet games.
• Also there are increased chances of hacking a computer.
• There can also be a misuse if you have entered your
name, address, phone no., credit card details etc.
• The people and kids also become addicted to social
networking sites which are very corrupt able and they start
spending hours and hours in front of their PCs or even their
cellphones.
• The networking sites like ******** do not delete our
information even after we close the account and our
information specified is used sometimes even for sending
fake mails.