1. FIRE PREVENTION &
CONTROL SERVICES
Mohd Rodzi Ismail

2. INTRODUCTION
Definition of fire prevention & control system:
– “Protection in the aspects of fire prevention,
control and extinguishment for a certain area
based on the availability of risks in that areaquot;
(JPBM:1997)
2

3. FIRE PREVENTION &
FIRE PREVENTION &
CONTROL SYSTEM
CONTROL SYSTEM
PASSIVE ACTIVE
PASSIVE ACTIVE
•• Design of buildings •• Portable extinguishers
Design of buildings Portable extinguishers
•• Structure •• Alarm detection
Structure Alarm detection
•• Fabric •• Hose reels
Fabric Hose reels
•• Components & their •• Automatic extinguishers
Components & their Automatic extinguishers
installation •• Pressurised escape route
installation Pressurised escape route
•• Smoke extraction &
Smoke extraction &
ventilation
ventilation
(Building services area)
3

4. PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUSHERS
Bucket of water and sands –
inadequate
Colour coded cylinders containing
compressed liquids and gasses
appropriate to various sources of
fire
Standard fire fighting equipment in
–
all commercial & public buildings
4

5. Colour-coded cylinders, content and application (BS)
Colour-coded cylinders, content and application (BS)
5

6. Objective of portable fire extinguishers
To remove or sufficiently reduce at least one
–
component of the fire triangle
6

7. 7

8. 8

9. ALARM DETECTION
Alarm
Alarm
bell
bell
Break-glass
Break-glass
call button
call button
1.5 m above
floor level 9
Fire alarm circuit

10. Automatic Fire Detectors
Objectives of automatic fire detectors
To indicate location of the outbreak of fire
–
To operate alarm bells, and
–
To communicate with the local authority
–
Various types of operating characteristics:
A bimetallic strip
–
An ionisation chamber
–
Light scattering devices
–
A laser beam
–
10

11. HOSE REELS
11

12. Indirect
supply
Direct
supply
Hose reel installation
Hose reel installation
12

13. HYDRANTS
Internal hydrants: Dry riser
13

14. Internal hydrants: Wet riser
14

15. Internal hydrants: Foam installations
15

16. AUTOMATIC
EXTINGUISHERS
Gas extinguishing
systems
16

17. Water sprinkler
Main Cistern
supply supply
Simplified sprinkler installation
Simplified sprinkler installation
17

18. Types of sprinkler heads
Glass bulb
–
Fusible link
–
Chemical
–
Open
–
18

19. Sprinkler heads
Sprinkler heads
19

20. Frangible bulb
Fusible link 20

21. Sprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperature
Sprinkler bulb colour & rupturing temperature
21

22. (staggered)
Spacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard group
Spacing and area allocation of sprinklers according to hazard group
22

23. Types of sprinkler systems
Wet
–
Dry
–
Alternate wet & dry
–
Tail end
–
Pre-action
–
Recycling
–
23

24. Wet sprinkler system
Wet sprinkler
Wet sprinkler
installation
installation
24

25. Sprinkler controls
Sprinkler controls
25

26. Dry sprinkler system
26

27. Alternate wet & dry sprinkler system
Alternate systems can have the pipes full of water for
–
the summer and be drained down and filled with air
(under pressure) for the winter
This is important for buildings that are not heated.
–
27

28. Tail end sprinkler system
This is a variation on the wet system and the alternate
–
wet and dry system
It is appropriate where only part of a building is subject
–
to frost of extremely high ambient temperature
28

29. Pre-action sprinkler system
29

30. Recycling sprinkler system
This a development of the pre-action system
–
The system is used where it is considered appropriate to
–
limit damage from water after a fire has been
extinguished, or when a sprinkler is accidentally
fractured
30

31. Deluge sprinkler system
31

32. Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Elevated reservoir
Elevated reservoir
32

33. Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Gravity tank
Gravity tank
33

34. Water supplies for sprinkler systems
Suction tank & pump
Suction tank & pump
34

35. Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end side with
Two-end side with
central feed pipe
central feed pipe 35

36. Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Three-end side with end feed pipe
Three-end side with end feed pipe36

37. Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end centre
Two-end centre
with end feed
with end feed
pipe
pipe
37

38. Sprinklers’ pipework configuration
Two-end centre
Two-end centre
with central feed
with central feed
pipe
pipe
38

39. Spacing of sprinkler heads relative to adjacent
walls
39
* Refer to the “Spacing of sprinkler heads” table

40. Spacing
calculations
40

41. Pipe sizing
41

42. PRESSURISED ESCAPE
ROUTES
Objective
To create greater
–
air pressure in
escape routes
than the
remainder of
rooms in
buildings
42

43. SMOKE EXTRACTION &
VENTILATION
Objective
To aid fire control by eliminating smoke, heat, toxic
–
and inflammable gases from the source of a fire
To retain visibility for escapers, and
–
To provide clear access for fire fighters
–
43

44. Smoke logging & ventilation
Smoke logging & ventilation
44

45. Number & size of vents
Roof vent, ventilator factor
Roof vent, ventilator factor
45

46. Example
From table, vent factor is 0.37 m
Vent area = 50 m x 0.37 m = 18.5 m2
or
18.5
= 0.0093
2000
Or approximately 1% of
the floor area
Fire vent area
Fire vent area
calculation
calculation 46

47. SHOP EXTRACT AND SMOKE
CONTROL
Two methods of smoke control in shopping
centres
Direct extraction from individual shop units (shop
1.
extract)
A common extract system (mall extract)
2.
47

48. Shop extract
48

49. Mall extract
49

50. DRENCHERS
50

51. Fire Preventing in
Ventilating Systems
51

52. Fire Dampers in
Ventilation Ductwork
52

53. REFERENCES
Hall, F. & Greeno, R. (2005). Building
Services Handbook. London: Elsvier
Greeno, R. (1997). Building Services,
Technology and Design. Essex: Longman
53