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Causal Loop Diagramming
 (Singapore Immigration)
   K6202 – Term Paper Presentation



                       SUPERMAN TEAM
                        ARAVIND
                        MUTHU
                        KANNAN
                        DIVYA
                        NIRMALA
Agenda:

1.Objective
2.Overview of immigration policies
3.Identifying the underlying factors of
immigration
4.Causal loop diagram basics
5.Development methodology
6.Singapore Immigration CLD
7.Conclusion
Objective :

Describing Singapore Immigration and its influencing factors
using Causal Loop Diagram.
As per description from the course outline document
“Study      the     immigration        policies    of
Singapore, including the criteria of accepting PR
applications, doing national service, how new
comers      should      integrate,     attitudes   of
Singaporeans,      policies      taken       by  the
Government, etc. Using the principles of Causal
Loop Analysis, draw a set of CLD consisting of at
least 50 variables with the associated links and
Balancing and Reinforcing loops.”
Singapore Immigration Today


•   Visit Pass - For Visitors
•   Student Pass - For Students
•   Work Permit Pass - Policy towards Unskilled
•   Special Pass - Policy towards Semiskilled
•   Employment Pass - Policy towards Skilled/High Skilled
•   Personalised Employment Pass
•   Entrepreneur Pass - Global Investor Policy
•   Dependent Pass – Policy towards Dependents
Singapore Permanent Residency

Permanent Resident Schemes
• Approval Factors
• Obligations and Contribution
Access to Citizenship
• Benefits
Variation between SPR and Citizen
Identifying the underlying
Factors of Immigration

• A number of factors influence the people
  migrating to a specific country.
• These identified factors form the basis of
  immigration policies.
• They are well planned to integrate the comfort
  of both locals and foreigners and thus the
  system has to represent a complex logical
  balance in the flow of people.
http://www.lankaweb.com/news/it
ems/2010/09/07/singapore-has-
been-successful-due-to-political-
stability-lee-kuan-yew-served-as-
prime-minister-of-singapore-from-
1959-to-1990/


                                    http://www.tourism-review.com/the-worlds-
                                    safest-countries-for-any-traveler-
                                    news2185
Safety & Political
Stability
• Singapore scores consistently favor
  higher quality life indices
• Highly regarded for its strict law
  enforcement measures to combat crimes
• Due to its fortuitous geographical
  position, it is protected from most natural
  disasters
• It also has the least corruption in economy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va9awW
NjInE&feature=related
Diverse Culture and Arts Scene

• Dynamic city with a harmonious blend of
  culture, cuisine, arts & architecture

• A cosmopolitan multi-racial, multi-lingual society

• Most prominent events and venues are
  government operated and normally with an
  international focus

• A place where world meets
http://www.prlog.org/10676993-singapore-to-emerge-as-global-talent-hub.html
Global Trade Hub




Source:
http://www.guidemesingapore.com/incorporation/introduction/singapore-
incorporation-advantages
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11100813
Source: BBC NEWS-Aug 26-2010
Consistent work force demand and
 efficient talent pool mapping
• Inviting Global & local Employers and
  Entrepreneurs
• Maintaining a highly available diverse talent pool
• Enforcing stability by regulating policies to sustain
  future demands
  A tough balancing act!!!
  Need for vibrant ecosystem ranging from unskilled
  to highly skilled work force persists !
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/storie
s/singaporelocalnews/view/1157161/1/.
html
Education, housing and health care
Subsidies and Funding schemes

 •Universal healthcare system ensuring
 affordability, largely through compulsory
 savings and price controls

 •Attractive loans up to 95% of HDB flats for
 PRs and Citizens

 •High Quality Education at relatively low costs
 in globally recognized national universities
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/s
http://isaactung.wordpress.com/2011/05/   tories/singaporelocalnews/view/10
04/spore-has-robust-protection-for-ip-    27947/1/.html
rights/

Source: The Straits Times 4 May 2011      http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/ne
                                          ws?pid=newsarchive&sid=ayazKdY
                                          IeTR4&refer=asia
Strong IP rights protection and high
degree of Social Cohesion

  • „IP landscape‟ strongly conducive for innovation
    and investment

  • Business friendly environment connecting with
    dynamic talent pool for realizing the
    organizational dream
http://iras.gov.sg/irasHome/page04
                                _ektid1274.aspx




http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=Mt8so9LivSE




http://www.singaporesetup.com
/singapore-corporate-taxes/
Taxation benefits

• Best place for Entrepreneurs and business start-ups
• Highly convincing Corporate Tax rates
• Zero tax for new Singapore companies on the first 100K
  annual profits for the first 3 years
• All resident companies to enjoy approx. 9% corporate
  tax rate for profits up to 300K
• Overall company tax rate is a flat 17%
http://news.xin.msn.com/e
                                    n/singapore/article.aspx?c
                                    p-documentid=4696576




http://www.channelnewsasia.com/
stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1
157220/1/.html
HigHly connected….
    digitally & physically
• Seamless National & International connectivity

• Highly efficient MRT ,Bus and Flight services

•   „On the Go‟ access to the e-world

• Continuous research on better standards
    and future demand
http://senseable.mit.edu/livesingapore/visualization
   s.html
Building a Strong nation
togetHer…
Starting off with CLD - Information
gathering

• What is your first thought on Singapore before you
  came here?
• The best thing which you observed here soon after
  acquainting with the new place?
• Reason for visit or migration? How did the
  Government or Singapore Organizations support and
  welcome you?
• Why do you consider a longer stay here?s
• How do you feel working or studying in a highly
  competitive environment? How is it influencing you
  personally?
CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD)
CLDs are
  Diagrams that have a visible structure of how interrelated
  variables affect one another. The balancing loop and the
  reinforcing loop are the two foundational structures of
  systems thinking.

Causal loop Anatomy:
A Node
      A line with arrow
+ or s Same Effect
- or o Opposite Effect
|| Time Delay Symbol
Loops in CLD
• Reinforcing Loop: A loop is one in
  which an action produces a result
  which influences more of the same
  action. It is also called the Positive
  causal link means that the two
  nodes change in the same direction

• Balancing Loop: a loop in which
  feedback reduces the impact of
  change. It is also called Negative
  causal link means that the two
  nodes change in opposite directions
Design Methodology:
 Understanding the problem statement
 Collection of information about the problem domain from
  various sources
 Identification of design method
  Two methods:
  1.) From Loops to Variables
  2.) From Variables to Loops
 Identification of quantifiable variables related to the topic
 Conceptualizing logical loops(re-enforcing and balancing
  loops) using the variables
 Diagram sketch coupled with required changes
CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD) SCREENSHOOT
Insights and Implications

Future sensed stronger with highly competent and vibrant Knowledge
Environment !!




    Source: Prime minister‟s office, Singapore Department of
    statistics, ICA
KNOWLEDGE FREE FLOW with
Globalization




  As of June 2011,192,300 Singaporeans were
  overseas for a cumulative period of six months or more in the
  previous 12 months

  Source: Prime minister‟s office, Singapore Department of
  statistics, ICA
BUSINESS Dynamism ACCELERATING
K-TRANSFERS and UTILIZATION




            Source: Statistics Singapore Newsletter
            2011
Singapore Immigration outlook

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Singapore Immigration outlook

  • 1. Causal Loop Diagramming (Singapore Immigration) K6202 – Term Paper Presentation SUPERMAN TEAM ARAVIND MUTHU KANNAN DIVYA NIRMALA
  • 2. Agenda: 1.Objective 2.Overview of immigration policies 3.Identifying the underlying factors of immigration 4.Causal loop diagram basics 5.Development methodology 6.Singapore Immigration CLD 7.Conclusion
  • 3. Objective : Describing Singapore Immigration and its influencing factors using Causal Loop Diagram. As per description from the course outline document “Study the immigration policies of Singapore, including the criteria of accepting PR applications, doing national service, how new comers should integrate, attitudes of Singaporeans, policies taken by the Government, etc. Using the principles of Causal Loop Analysis, draw a set of CLD consisting of at least 50 variables with the associated links and Balancing and Reinforcing loops.”
  • 4. Singapore Immigration Today • Visit Pass - For Visitors • Student Pass - For Students • Work Permit Pass - Policy towards Unskilled • Special Pass - Policy towards Semiskilled • Employment Pass - Policy towards Skilled/High Skilled • Personalised Employment Pass • Entrepreneur Pass - Global Investor Policy • Dependent Pass – Policy towards Dependents
  • 5. Singapore Permanent Residency Permanent Resident Schemes • Approval Factors • Obligations and Contribution Access to Citizenship • Benefits Variation between SPR and Citizen
  • 6. Identifying the underlying Factors of Immigration • A number of factors influence the people migrating to a specific country. • These identified factors form the basis of immigration policies. • They are well planned to integrate the comfort of both locals and foreigners and thus the system has to represent a complex logical balance in the flow of people.
  • 8. Safety & Political Stability • Singapore scores consistently favor higher quality life indices • Highly regarded for its strict law enforcement measures to combat crimes • Due to its fortuitous geographical position, it is protected from most natural disasters • It also has the least corruption in economy
  • 10. Diverse Culture and Arts Scene • Dynamic city with a harmonious blend of culture, cuisine, arts & architecture • A cosmopolitan multi-racial, multi-lingual society • Most prominent events and venues are government operated and normally with an international focus • A place where world meets
  • 14. Consistent work force demand and efficient talent pool mapping • Inviting Global & local Employers and Entrepreneurs • Maintaining a highly available diverse talent pool • Enforcing stability by regulating policies to sustain future demands A tough balancing act!!! Need for vibrant ecosystem ranging from unskilled to highly skilled work force persists !
  • 16. Education, housing and health care Subsidies and Funding schemes •Universal healthcare system ensuring affordability, largely through compulsory savings and price controls •Attractive loans up to 95% of HDB flats for PRs and Citizens •High Quality Education at relatively low costs in globally recognized national universities
  • 17. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/s http://isaactung.wordpress.com/2011/05/ tories/singaporelocalnews/view/10 04/spore-has-robust-protection-for-ip- 27947/1/.html rights/ Source: The Straits Times 4 May 2011 http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/ne ws?pid=newsarchive&sid=ayazKdY IeTR4&refer=asia
  • 18. Strong IP rights protection and high degree of Social Cohesion • „IP landscape‟ strongly conducive for innovation and investment • Business friendly environment connecting with dynamic talent pool for realizing the organizational dream
  • 19. http://iras.gov.sg/irasHome/page04 _ektid1274.aspx http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=Mt8so9LivSE http://www.singaporesetup.com /singapore-corporate-taxes/
  • 20. Taxation benefits • Best place for Entrepreneurs and business start-ups • Highly convincing Corporate Tax rates • Zero tax for new Singapore companies on the first 100K annual profits for the first 3 years • All resident companies to enjoy approx. 9% corporate tax rate for profits up to 300K • Overall company tax rate is a flat 17%
  • 21. http://news.xin.msn.com/e n/singapore/article.aspx?c p-documentid=4696576 http://www.channelnewsasia.com/ stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1 157220/1/.html
  • 22. HigHly connected…. digitally & physically • Seamless National & International connectivity • Highly efficient MRT ,Bus and Flight services • „On the Go‟ access to the e-world • Continuous research on better standards and future demand http://senseable.mit.edu/livesingapore/visualization s.html
  • 23. Building a Strong nation togetHer…
  • 24. Starting off with CLD - Information gathering • What is your first thought on Singapore before you came here? • The best thing which you observed here soon after acquainting with the new place? • Reason for visit or migration? How did the Government or Singapore Organizations support and welcome you? • Why do you consider a longer stay here?s • How do you feel working or studying in a highly competitive environment? How is it influencing you personally?
  • 25. CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD) CLDs are Diagrams that have a visible structure of how interrelated variables affect one another. The balancing loop and the reinforcing loop are the two foundational structures of systems thinking. Causal loop Anatomy: A Node A line with arrow + or s Same Effect - or o Opposite Effect || Time Delay Symbol
  • 26. Loops in CLD • Reinforcing Loop: A loop is one in which an action produces a result which influences more of the same action. It is also called the Positive causal link means that the two nodes change in the same direction • Balancing Loop: a loop in which feedback reduces the impact of change. It is also called Negative causal link means that the two nodes change in opposite directions
  • 27. Design Methodology:  Understanding the problem statement  Collection of information about the problem domain from various sources  Identification of design method Two methods: 1.) From Loops to Variables 2.) From Variables to Loops  Identification of quantifiable variables related to the topic  Conceptualizing logical loops(re-enforcing and balancing loops) using the variables  Diagram sketch coupled with required changes
  • 28. CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (CLD) SCREENSHOOT
  • 29. Insights and Implications Future sensed stronger with highly competent and vibrant Knowledge Environment !! Source: Prime minister‟s office, Singapore Department of statistics, ICA
  • 30. KNOWLEDGE FREE FLOW with Globalization As of June 2011,192,300 Singaporeans were overseas for a cumulative period of six months or more in the previous 12 months Source: Prime minister‟s office, Singapore Department of statistics, ICA
  • 31. BUSINESS Dynamism ACCELERATING K-TRANSFERS and UTILIZATION Source: Statistics Singapore Newsletter 2011