1. MICROSCOPE
AT 2805
INTRODUCTION OF MEDICAL
LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
By. Gadis semasa
Lecture’s name: ms. raihan

2. GROUPS

3. WHAT IS
MICROSCOPE?

4. The microscope magnifies the images of
objects that are invisible to the unaided
human eye.

5. TYPES OF
MICROSCOPE

6. Light microscopy
Bright field microscopy
Dark field microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Electron microscopy

7. LIGHT MICROSCOPY
 Uses a beam of light to view specimen.
 The commonest type used in clinical laboratories is
the compound light microscope.
 — it consist of two lens system to magnify the image.
 — each lens has a different magnifying power.
 — a compound light microscope may have a single
eye piece (monocular) or two eye pieces (binocular).

9. BRIGHT- FIELD
MICROSCOPY
 The field of view is brightly lit so that
organism and other structures are visible
against it because of their different densities.
 Single stain or differential staining may be
used depending on the properties of different
structure and organism.
 Widely used in histology , pathology , botany

11. DARK-FIELD
MICROSCOPY
 The field of view is dark and the
organism are illuminated.
 A special condenser is used which cause
light to reflect from the specimen at an
angle.
 Used to observe living ,unstained
preparations.

13. PHASE -CONTRAST
MICROSCOPY
 Phase –contrast microscopy is a contrast enhancing optical
technique that can be utilised to produce high contrast image
s of transparent specimens , such as living cells , micro
organisms and many other structures.
 Special condensers and objectives are used to alter the
phase relationship of the light passing through the object and
that passing around it.
 Used in cell culture (to monitor growth of cells).
 Relatively inexpensive and simple.

15. FLUORESCENCE
MISCROSCOPY
 In fluorescence microscopy specimens are stained with
fluorochromes / flurochrome complexes.
 Light of high energy or short wavelengths (from halogen lamps or
mercury vapour lamps) is then used to excited molecules within the
specimen or dye molecule attached to it.
 These excited molecules emit light of different wavelengths often of
brilliant colours -> shows a bright image of the object resulting from
the fluorescent light emitted by the specimen.

17. ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY
 Composition: the elements and compounds that the
object is composed of and the relative amounts of
them, direct relationship between composition and
material properties
 Crystallographic information : how the atoms are
arranged in the ;direct relation between the arrangements
and material properties

19. PARTS AND
FUNCTION

20. PARTS FUCTIONS
1. Eyepiece - Contain a magnifying lens that
focuses the image from the
objective into your eye.
2. Course Adjust - For focusing under low
magnification.
3. Fine Adjust - For focusing under high
magnification or low.
4. Low Power Objective - For large specimen or overview.
5. High Power Objective - For detailed viewing or small
specimens.
6. Specimen on glass slide - What you want to look at.
7. Stage - Supports specimen in correct
location to lens.

21. 8. Condenser - Focuses the light on specimen.
9. Diaphgrams - Regulates amount of light and contrast.
10. Light Source - Illuminates the specimen for viewing.

22. HOW USING THE
MICROSCOPE?

23. HOW USING THE
MICROSCOPE?
1. To carry microscope grasp the microscopes arm
with or hand.Place your other hand under the
base.
2. Place the microscope on a table with the arm
toward you.
3. Turn the coarse adjustment knob to raise the
body tube.

24. 4 . 4.Revolve the nosepiece until the low-power
objective lens clicks into place.
5. Adjust the diaphragm.While looking through the
eyepiece,also adjust the mirror until you see a
bright white circle of light.
6. Place a slide on the stage.Center the specimen
over the opening on the stage. Use the stage clips to
hold the slide in place.
7. Look at the stage from the side. Carefully turn the
coarse adjustment knob to lower the body tube until
the low power objective almost touches the slide.

25. 8. Looking through the eyepiece, VERY SLOWLY the
coarse adjustment knob until the specimen comes
into focus.
9. To switch to the high power objective lens, look at
the microscope from the side. Carefully revolve the
nosepiece until the high-power objective lens clicks
into place. Make sure the lens does not hit the slide.
10. Looking through the eyepiece, turn the fine
adjustment knob until the specimen comes into focus.

26. CARE AND
HANDLING

27. MICROSCOPES CARE &
HANDLING
 Transporting: When you pick up the microscope and
walk with it, grab the arm with one hand and place your
other hand on the bottom of the base.
DON’T SWING THE MICROSCOPE!
 Handling & cleaning: Never touch the lenses with your
finger. Your body produces an oil that smudges the glass.
This oil can even etch the glass if left on too long. Use only
LENS PAPER to clean the glass.
TOILET PAPER,KLEENEX,AND PAPER TOWELS HAVE FIBERSTHAT
CAN SCRATCH LENSES

28. Storage: when you are finished with your ‘scope’
assignment,rotate the nosepiece so that its on the low
power objective,role the nosepiece so that it’s all the way
down to the stage, then replace the dust cover .
DON’T FORGET TO USE PROPER TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES!
Clean up: clean all slides, materials, and work area
when you’re done. Please , be careful with the slide and
cover slips. They are made of glass and if broken, you
will get cut and you will bleed.

29. THANK YOU