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Introduction

        The matrix diagram is one of seven ‘new’ quality tools that have importance to the manufacturing

world. The other seven tools include: the affinity diagram, the interrelationship diagraph, the tree

diagram, the prioritization matrix, the process decision program chart, and the activity network diagram.

The new quality tools were extremely beneficial for the problem solving process. The matrix diagram in

particular is used to portray the actions required for a process or product improvement. Even though the

matrix diagram shows importance and ease, it is the least commonly used tool (Vail 9).

                                                  History

        These new tools were developed to rid the problems that occurred with the complexity of the

seven traditional tools, such as: Flowcharting, Cause and Effect Diagrams, Pareto Analysis, Control

Charts, Scatter Diagrams, Check sheets, and Histograms. With the dedication of the Japanese, continuous

improvement had helped them come to some conclusions about the traditional seven quality tools. The

Japanese realized the new seven quality tools were the most effective, which entered them into the second

wave of quality (Vail 8). In effect, the new quality management tools were used mainly for the qualitative

problems in nature and were also used by the middle and upper management (Swift 234).

        The corrective action began on April 26, 1972. This took place when the Japanese Society of

Quality Control Technique Development had their first meeting. They discussed operations research,

value engineering, diverse creativity techniques, and other company issues dealing with quality control.

The Japanese society searched to prove these techniques which techniques were the most effective. They

concluded with the “Seven New QC Tools.” In 1988, the seven tools of Shigem Mizuno were introduced

to the United States with a book entitled Management for Quality Improvement: The New Seven QC

Tools (Swift 233).

                                                Definition

        Of the new seven quality tools, the simplest diagram to create is the matrix diagram or sometimes

called Quality Function Deployment (QFD) (Lengnick-Hall 6). It is used to arrange large quantities of

data relating to two or more product and process problems. (Gitlow 103). The matrix diagram helps fill
the unexplained information relating to the problem. According to an Internet article, it is used for three

reasons:

        1. Assigning tasks to complete a project.

        2. Make comparisons between two different competing alternatives.

        3. Prioritize combinations of new and old activities that maximized the number of total

            objectives met (Matrix, 1).

                                              Shapes and Uses

        The diagram can be shaped in a few different ways: L shaped, T shaped, X-shaped, C-shaped, or

three-dimensional, inverted Y-shaped. Each shape has its own purpose. The L-shaped matrix is the most

commonly used matrix diagram, along with the T-shaped diagram. The L-shaped matrix is used to show

the interrelationships between two product or process variables in a matrix format. The matrix format

consisted of an uncomplicated two-dimensional chart consisting of rows and columns. The columns are a

representation of subcategories of one variable, while the rows represent the subcategories of the second

variable. “The outcome of the matrix signifies the possibilities of correlations between the subcategories

(Gitlow 103).” Here is an example.

                My parents work in an environmental chemistry laboratory and they want to assign their

                employees to several tasks. Their goal is to rid the confusion with distributing tasks to be

                done. The problem with their organization is work is not distributed properly. One job

                had multiple employees, while another job was neglected. My dad will develop an L-

                shaped matrix diagram to organize and solve the current problem.

The diagram on the next page reads as follows:

        Across the horizontal axis in the rows above are the names of current workers. The vertical axes

in the columns are the tasks needed to be accomplished daily. It seems that some of his employees are

not doing what is required of them based on confusion. This diagram will lay out their duties in a simple

format. The legend explains the assignment of the employees, perhaps based on the abilities and talents

of each individual.
Elham   Anne        Betty     Marshall
  Clean Chemical dishes           *      ^                     ^
  Research of current
  assignment                      *      *                     *
  Computer programmer             #                  *         *
  Inspector of Laboratory                *           *         ^
  Clean Front Office              ^      #
  Helper in Lab Tests             *
  Secretary (answer
  telephones)                     ^      ^                     #

  Primary responsibility         *
  Secondary Responsibility ^
  Communication needed           #



           The T-shaped matrix is used to show the relationship between two different factors and how it

relates to a third factor. It shows a combination between two L-shaped matrix diagrams. A common

application of the T-shaped matrix is to pinpoint training requirements (Gitlow 103). The shape is helpful

to know when exploring the relationship of two criterions.

                                         Matrix Development Process

         To construct a matrix diagram, it can be done in the following order:

                   1. Select the problem

                   2. Form a team with 4-5 people. The team should identify the problems existing.

                   3. Choose a facilitator for the coordination of the team’s activities

                   4. Determine the product or process variables to be studied

                   5. Decide on the matrix shape based on the task

                   6. Place the information in the matrix

                   7. Draw the lines of the matrix

                   8. Determine the symbols to be utilized. Include a legend also for the symbol

                           definitions
Example:    * Primary Responsibility

                                 ^ Secondary Responsibility

                                 # Communication needed (Swift 241)

                9. Enter symbols into the correct cells

                10. Analyze (Gitlow 104-110)

When the last step has taken place, studying and understanding the relationships are important for the

decision process. It is also essential to fill the gaps between the product and the process, which will

finally use the information to resolve the problem. This will help clarify the relationship between the

factors involved.

        In conclusion, the matrix diagram is an essential tool for identifying the relationship between two

pairs. The matrix diagram is increasingly being used in the United States (Vail 18). It is an excellent

organization device that pinpoints gaps in a firm’s performance, which will aid the firm’s process and

development. By understanding the basic steps to the matrix diagram, you will find the ease, but

importance. It has been proven since the 1980’s that the matrixes diagram are essential and proven most

effective (Swift 234).

        For more information, you can search these websites:

                http://www.usbr.gov/guide/toolbox/matrixdi.htm

                http://www.sytsma.com/tqmtools/matrix.html

                http://www.nirex.co.uk/publicn/peerrev/fepcnstr.htm
The Matrix Diagram
    By Laurie A. Cheung

        Presented to Dr. Thomas Foster

                   Mini-tutoral

                   Operations Management 380

                   Due November 27, 2001
Works Cited

1.   Gitlow, Howard S. Planning for Quality, Productivity, and Competitive Position.

     Illinois: Business One Irwin, 1990.

2.   Legnick-Hall, Cynthia A. “The Patient as the Pivot Point for Quality in Health Care

     de.” United States 40 (1995): 6

3.   “Matrix Diagram.” Online Posting. 9 Oct. 2001

     http://www.sytsma.com/tqmtools/matrix.html.

4.   Swift, J.A. Modern Statistical Quality Control and Management. Florida: St. Lucie

     Press, 1995.

5.   Vail, Billy. Matrix Diagram Slides. Boise: 2001
Matrix Diagram2001
Matrix Diagram2001

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Matrix Diagram2001

  • 1. Introduction The matrix diagram is one of seven ‘new’ quality tools that have importance to the manufacturing world. The other seven tools include: the affinity diagram, the interrelationship diagraph, the tree diagram, the prioritization matrix, the process decision program chart, and the activity network diagram. The new quality tools were extremely beneficial for the problem solving process. The matrix diagram in particular is used to portray the actions required for a process or product improvement. Even though the matrix diagram shows importance and ease, it is the least commonly used tool (Vail 9). History These new tools were developed to rid the problems that occurred with the complexity of the seven traditional tools, such as: Flowcharting, Cause and Effect Diagrams, Pareto Analysis, Control Charts, Scatter Diagrams, Check sheets, and Histograms. With the dedication of the Japanese, continuous improvement had helped them come to some conclusions about the traditional seven quality tools. The Japanese realized the new seven quality tools were the most effective, which entered them into the second wave of quality (Vail 8). In effect, the new quality management tools were used mainly for the qualitative problems in nature and were also used by the middle and upper management (Swift 234). The corrective action began on April 26, 1972. This took place when the Japanese Society of Quality Control Technique Development had their first meeting. They discussed operations research, value engineering, diverse creativity techniques, and other company issues dealing with quality control. The Japanese society searched to prove these techniques which techniques were the most effective. They concluded with the “Seven New QC Tools.” In 1988, the seven tools of Shigem Mizuno were introduced to the United States with a book entitled Management for Quality Improvement: The New Seven QC Tools (Swift 233). Definition Of the new seven quality tools, the simplest diagram to create is the matrix diagram or sometimes called Quality Function Deployment (QFD) (Lengnick-Hall 6). It is used to arrange large quantities of data relating to two or more product and process problems. (Gitlow 103). The matrix diagram helps fill
  • 2. the unexplained information relating to the problem. According to an Internet article, it is used for three reasons: 1. Assigning tasks to complete a project. 2. Make comparisons between two different competing alternatives. 3. Prioritize combinations of new and old activities that maximized the number of total objectives met (Matrix, 1). Shapes and Uses The diagram can be shaped in a few different ways: L shaped, T shaped, X-shaped, C-shaped, or three-dimensional, inverted Y-shaped. Each shape has its own purpose. The L-shaped matrix is the most commonly used matrix diagram, along with the T-shaped diagram. The L-shaped matrix is used to show the interrelationships between two product or process variables in a matrix format. The matrix format consisted of an uncomplicated two-dimensional chart consisting of rows and columns. The columns are a representation of subcategories of one variable, while the rows represent the subcategories of the second variable. “The outcome of the matrix signifies the possibilities of correlations between the subcategories (Gitlow 103).” Here is an example. My parents work in an environmental chemistry laboratory and they want to assign their employees to several tasks. Their goal is to rid the confusion with distributing tasks to be done. The problem with their organization is work is not distributed properly. One job had multiple employees, while another job was neglected. My dad will develop an L- shaped matrix diagram to organize and solve the current problem. The diagram on the next page reads as follows: Across the horizontal axis in the rows above are the names of current workers. The vertical axes in the columns are the tasks needed to be accomplished daily. It seems that some of his employees are not doing what is required of them based on confusion. This diagram will lay out their duties in a simple format. The legend explains the assignment of the employees, perhaps based on the abilities and talents of each individual.
  • 3. Elham Anne Betty Marshall Clean Chemical dishes * ^ ^ Research of current assignment * * * Computer programmer # * * Inspector of Laboratory * * ^ Clean Front Office ^ # Helper in Lab Tests * Secretary (answer telephones) ^ ^ # Primary responsibility * Secondary Responsibility ^ Communication needed # The T-shaped matrix is used to show the relationship between two different factors and how it relates to a third factor. It shows a combination between two L-shaped matrix diagrams. A common application of the T-shaped matrix is to pinpoint training requirements (Gitlow 103). The shape is helpful to know when exploring the relationship of two criterions. Matrix Development Process To construct a matrix diagram, it can be done in the following order: 1. Select the problem 2. Form a team with 4-5 people. The team should identify the problems existing. 3. Choose a facilitator for the coordination of the team’s activities 4. Determine the product or process variables to be studied 5. Decide on the matrix shape based on the task 6. Place the information in the matrix 7. Draw the lines of the matrix 8. Determine the symbols to be utilized. Include a legend also for the symbol definitions
  • 4. Example: * Primary Responsibility ^ Secondary Responsibility # Communication needed (Swift 241) 9. Enter symbols into the correct cells 10. Analyze (Gitlow 104-110) When the last step has taken place, studying and understanding the relationships are important for the decision process. It is also essential to fill the gaps between the product and the process, which will finally use the information to resolve the problem. This will help clarify the relationship between the factors involved. In conclusion, the matrix diagram is an essential tool for identifying the relationship between two pairs. The matrix diagram is increasingly being used in the United States (Vail 18). It is an excellent organization device that pinpoints gaps in a firm’s performance, which will aid the firm’s process and development. By understanding the basic steps to the matrix diagram, you will find the ease, but importance. It has been proven since the 1980’s that the matrixes diagram are essential and proven most effective (Swift 234). For more information, you can search these websites: http://www.usbr.gov/guide/toolbox/matrixdi.htm http://www.sytsma.com/tqmtools/matrix.html http://www.nirex.co.uk/publicn/peerrev/fepcnstr.htm
  • 5. The Matrix Diagram By Laurie A. Cheung Presented to Dr. Thomas Foster Mini-tutoral Operations Management 380 Due November 27, 2001
  • 6. Works Cited 1. Gitlow, Howard S. Planning for Quality, Productivity, and Competitive Position. Illinois: Business One Irwin, 1990. 2. Legnick-Hall, Cynthia A. “The Patient as the Pivot Point for Quality in Health Care de.” United States 40 (1995): 6 3. “Matrix Diagram.” Online Posting. 9 Oct. 2001 http://www.sytsma.com/tqmtools/matrix.html. 4. Swift, J.A. Modern Statistical Quality Control and Management. Florida: St. Lucie Press, 1995. 5. Vail, Billy. Matrix Diagram Slides. Boise: 2001