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Rabia presentation
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
Name : Rabia Manzoor
Roll No: 04
Topic: ANEMIA
Department Of Eastern Medicine & Surgery
Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences
University of Poonch Rawalakot Aj&K
3. What is ANEMIA?
Anemia is present when there is decreased Level
of
Hb in blood below the reference level
For age ,sex and individuals
4. Classification of ANEMIA
Types of classification.
1. According to cause
2. According to morpholology
Cause:
1. Blood loss
2. Increase of red cell destruction
3. Decrease of red cell production
5. Morphological classification
According to shape and size
1. Hypo chromic microcytic with low MCV
2. Norm chromic normacytie with normal MCV
3. Macrocytic with high MCV
6. S/S of Anemia
1. Pallor
2. Tachycardia
3. Breathlessness
4. Head ache
5. Fatigue
6. faintness
7. Microcytic anemia
RBCS become small
MCV<80
Causes of microcytic anemia
•Iron low to iron deficiency Anemia
•Iron normal to sedroblastic and Thalasemia
8. Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia
in world.
iron deficiency anemia is defined as when there is
Inadequate
Amount of iron for HB synthesis.
9. Daily Requirement. 2 to 4 gm
Source of iron.
Meat, Egg, Vegetables, Milk , Spinach.
Storage of iron
•Liver 50 to 60 percent
•Muscles 20 percent
•Bone marrow
•Plasma
10. Etiology of iron deficiency
1. Dietary deficiency
2. .Increase in iron demand
3. Malobsorption of iron
4. Acute and chronic blood loss
11. Pathology
•Iron absorbed in intestine iron intake through diet to stomach to
where gastric secretion made complex with vitamin c and enter in
intestine where it combine with apotransferin and foam transferring
and then enter in circulation. In normal person this transferring in
about 33 percent saturated with iron.
•When iron in excessive amount :
•Lost in feces because transferring is already saturated.
•When there is iron deficiency this saturation decreases and
transferring accept more iron to iron balance. Excessive iron stored
in liver , spleen, bone marrow, skeletal muscles here it combine with
protein called apoferitin and foam ferretin storage iron.
•In iron deficiency initially depletion of stored iron. There follows a
decreased in circulating iron with low level of serum iron and rise in
serum transferring iron binding capacity.
12. •S/S OF IRON DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA
•Pallor
•Lethargy
•Fatigue
•Kolinchyia
•Dysnea
•Numbness
•Joint pain
•Vomiting
•Body ache
14. Sedroblastic Anemia
It is an inherited or acquired disorder characterized by
dyserthropoesis inability of iron utilization and therefore
iron overload . There is a disordered accumulation of
iron in erythroblast because it can not be utilized due to
defect in enzymes involve in heam synthesis.
16. Thalasemia
It is genetic disorder of hb synthesis characterized by
decreased synthesis of goblin chain .
Two alpha and 2 b chain of globins' polypeptide
combine with heam to foam HB therefore if synthesis
of globins' is reduced it will lead to decreased HB to
anemia.
18. Alpha
It occurs due to reduction or absence of alpha chain
synthesis .
There are four alpha gene
1.If one is deleted there is no clinical effect.
2.If two are deleted there is mild Hypochromic anemia.
3.If three are deleted pt has hb (hbh). It has functionally
unless →moderate anemia and spleenomegaly.
4.If four r deleted the baby is still born.
19. Beta
This occur due to reduction or absences
of alpha chain synthesis.
In normal (homozygote) both polypeptide
genes are normal and produce normal B
polypeptide chain in normal quantity.
In abnormal both B chain are abnormal
and do not produce B polypeptide chain→
B Thalasemia major
21. Minors.
In heterozygote to one gene is normal and other is
abnormal which does not produced B polypeptide
chain . In this person normal gene produce enough
B chain to maintain HB level about to maintain.
This Thalasemia is asymptomatic and often
detected when iron therapy for mild microcytic
Hypo chromic anemia fails,.
23. Megloblastic anemia
In this type of anemia RBC became enlarged and
odd shape.
Causes
Vit B12 deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
24. Vit b12 deficiency
This is type of anemia in which there is atrophy of
gastric mucosa so failure of intrinsic factor
production so Vit b12 not absorbed.
Causes
25. Pathogenesis
Tissue perforation need DNA.
DNA need VIT 12 and folic acid--- deficiency of both—
DNA not formed— cell division stop.
While cytoplasm progressive continuously — RNA
increase in amount — erthroyid tend to destroy marrow
—RBC—↓↓
30. CHRONIC DISEASE
Pathogenesis
Failure of transport of storage iron
from bone marrow to plasma developing
Erythrocytes→ decrease HB and cause anemia.
35. Hereditary spherotosis?
Pathogenesis?
C/F
Anemia
Jaundice
Spleenomegely
A plastic crises
Gallstone
Leg cancer
36. Sickle cell disease
There is presence of abnormal
HBS which upon low oxygen
tension become crystal giving
shape Rbcs as sickle and not
passes through capillaries and
destruct
