Citizen (in)security - social media, citizen journalism & crisis response - ISCRAM2014
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Presentation given by Hayley Watson @ISCRAm 2014. Title: Citizen (in)security?: social media, citizen journalism and crisis response
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Citizen (in)security - social media, citizen journalism & crisis response - ISCRAM2014
- 1. Citizen (in)security?: social media, citizen journalism and crisis response Authors Hayley Watson, Rachel L. Finn, Lemi Baruh & Salvatore Scifo 19 May 2014, ISCRAM, USA. @COSMIC_FP7 http://www.cosmic-project.eu #ELSI_ISCRAM2014
- 2. PROJECT OVERVIEW Duration 24 months Total funding €1,228,896.00 Number of workshops 4 + final conference Team 7 Partners from 5 countries Co-ordinator European Dynamics (Greece) @COSMIC_FP7
- 3. ABOUT COSMIC COSMIC will deliver a set of instructions, recommendations & best practices for the use of social media in emergency situations. #ELSI_ISCRAM2014
- 4. SOCIAL MEDIA & CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITY CHALLENGECHALLENGE • Enhance preparedness • Enhance situations awareness • Enhance public engagement & co-operation • Dispelling rumours • Tackling misuse • Verifying information • Ensuring privacy • Ensuring citizen security http://www.cosmic-project.eu
- 5. PHYSICAL DANGER @COSMIC_FP7 …what horrified me most was the extent to which so-called citizen journalists would go to get a shot of the action. …They put themselves in grave danger, without regard for their safety or the safety of those around them. …what horrified me most was the extent to which so-called citizen journalists would go to get a shot of the action. …They put themselves in grave danger, without regard for their safety or the safety of those around them.
- 6. HARM • Physical or social harm – Boston – vigilante justice – mislabeling @COSMIC_FP7
- 7. SOCIAL MEDIA & THE SECURITY OF THE CITIZEN • Political protests - restricted access to SM - - - Internet regarded as a threat. • Use of SM for surveillance purposes – used to identify, locate & target online dissidents #ELSI_ISCRAM2014
- 8. CITIZEN JOURNALISM: STANDARDS • Lack of training and a code of conduct – particularly in journalism standards – e.g., fact checking & source confirmation. Also complicated by a need to make quick decisions about newsworthiness. • For some CJ - logic = publish then filter • Filter entails some form of control – if too late – misinformation could already be replicated elsewhere. • Emphasis placed by some news organisations and communication platforms to promote the notion of harm avoidance…and to work toward better standards and methods for verifying information #ELSI_ISCRAM2014
- 9. THOUGHTS… • Could these challenges contribute to a lack of belief in the perceived value of contributions from citizens from some organisations • Principles of do no harm are central to all of those involved in engaging with social media when responding to a crisis • Code of conduct for citizen journalists/citizens contributing to sharing information in a crisis – Building of relationships is central. (e.g., citizens and news media) • Social media strategy that recognises these additional challenges. – Consideration of the type of crisis operating in. @COSMIC_FP7
- 10. COSMIC – NEXT STEPS… Istanbul – International workshop – 4 September 2014 Involving Citizens in Emergency Preparedness and Response4 http://www.cosmic-project.eu Guidelines – members of the public, as well as public & private organisations. LinkedIn: COSMIC Project
- 11. THANK YOU If you have any further questions or would like to be kept up-to- date with the projects findings and events please contact: •Hayley Watson: hayley.watson@trilateralresearch.com
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Status – entering year 2! Greece, Belgium, Netherlands, Turkey and UK.
- Purpose of the paper: whilst sharing information may contribute to response efforts, the information shared about the scene of a crisis may involve recording of citizens by other citizens, including citizen journalists. As such, it is important for these “known” ethical and social issues to be mapped in a more cohesive fashion in order to adequately inform organizations, as well as other stakeholders, requesting and sharing information, of the various social and ethical implications for ensuring the security of the citizen as a result of such uses of social media in a crisis. Methodology - This mapping task is based on desk-based research involving the exploration of relevant literature including peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, news articles, and industry reports.
- Pamela Welsh – Guardian Like most people, I was horrified by the attempted terrorist attacks on Glasgow and London, and terrified by the raising of the threat level to critical. But perhaps what horrified me most was the extent to which so-called citizen journalists would go to get a shot of the action. When the burning car careered into Glasgow's terminal one building and the police were attempting to arrest the suspects, these "citizens" did not go and help the authorities. They put themselves in grave danger, without regard for their safety or the safety of those around them. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/jul/02/disastermovies
- https://www.evernote.com/shard/s348/nl/22499271/57d52781-4a2f-4e55-ab1f-7ffc9354955a/ A Massachusetts teenager and his 24-year-old friend filed a defamation lawsuit against the New York Post Wednesday in Boston, accusing the tabloid of falsely portraying them as suspects in the deadly Marathon bombings by plastering their photograph on the front page under the headline, “Bag Men.” Raises important questions: what are the implications of mass citizen involvement. Here it may be that the TYPE of crisis plays a particularly important role in the response of the public in communicating and responding to the crisis – where something like terrorism – emotion plays a central role in guiding behaviour.
- Internet seen as a threat in some countries – increasingly relevant to political crisis Catch 22: Use of SM for freedom of expression in a political crisis – but also as a means of tracking dissident down This was seen for instance during revolutions in Iran in 2009, where officials restricted access to the web, and in both Iran and Belarus citizens’ social media usage was analysed to identify, locate, and target online dissidents. Joseph, Sarah, “Social Media, Political Change, and Human Rights”, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 35, 2012, p. 145.
- Code of conduct – guidelines for behaviour – news organisations & blogging platforms (e.g., Wordpress)…are implementing policies around “do no harm” in an effort to avoid the possible social consequences of inaccurate use of social media. (2007) – e.g., BBC guidelines for user generated content e.g., not to accept content that may have put individuals at risk, breached emergency service lines etc. Should this be implemented by others? Publish then filter logic has the ability to affect the wider circulation of information….Keen – rise of the amateurs. In the case of the 2005 London bombings, newsrooms at the BBC and ITV received images sent by individuals present at the scene of the attacks (Reading, 2009). In addition to the graphic nature of the images, a major concern for these institutions was the privacy of the victims and the possible use of their images. Whereas in the news media, editorial guidelines require such images to be filtered before being disseminated, in social networks, as a result of the “publish and then filter” logic, this control may occur after publication, at which time it is possible that the image in question may have already been replicated, shared and circulated elsewhere.
- Solution – educating the public, consideration of effects of asking for public assistance…responsibilities of others to verify information…enhance the sharing of verification practices (show example of handbook)…point to COSMIC guidelines for different types of stakeholders Solution: measures to ensure the privacy of the public is upheld (e.g., masking faces and vehicle number plates), and where required, ensure that permission is gained from people to ensure their anonymity is protected
- We want to engage with you to promote better standards and guidance…for different types of stakeholders. We are working to enhance our understanding of the implications of changes in policy & hope to provide you with full results next year!