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Missions
History of Missions
Dr. Robert Patton
Missionary to Suriname,
South America
Faith Missions
 Began in 1865 (CIM) and many boards
started over the next 40 years
 Conservative evangelical
 Mostly Bible Institute or other
institutions provided most of the
manpower
 Initially they were Bible College
graduates, later 4 year programs
Faith Missions
 Focus on evangelism, but often using
new technology
 Radio, aviation, gospel recordings, etc
often used
Faith Missions – C & MA
 A.B. Simpson = Christian and
Missionary Alliance.
 Born in 1843, baptized in Prince
Edwards Island by John Geddie.
 Influenced by death of John Williams,
and planned to be a missionary.
 He was a great preacher, initially
planned to go to missions, but took
over Knox Church after attending Knox
College, added 750 members quickly
A B Simpson
Faith Missions – C & MA
 Then he started serious soulwinning at the
Chestnut Street Church in Louisville, Ky.,
the largest church in Louisville
 He had a vision of China, and wanted to
go, but his wife did not, and they had 6
children.
 He moved to NYC in 1879 to the 13th
street Presbyterian Church. When he
reached out to 100 Italians, the church
suggested they find another church.
Faith Missions – C & MA
 Instead, he resigned and went
independent to reach the indigent lost. It
was a difficult step of faith but the church
grew and he built Gospel Tabernacle.
 He began training and developed Nyack
Missionary College
 He emphasized Christ as savior, sanctifier,
healer and coming King. Had great
influence on Assembly of God and Four
Square Gospel churches
Faith Missions – C & MA
 Started C & MA – 150 missionaries in 15
countries.
 He wrote over 100 books and
composed many hymns
 Initially in Africa there were more
graves than living missionaries. 35
missionaries died in the Boxer
Rebellion.
 The C & MA has many more overseas
than in the USA
Nyack College & Simpson
Fredrik Franson
 Concerned about evangelizing the world
and influenced by Hudson Taylor and A
B. Simpson. He originally was trained
by D.L. Moody, worked in Chicago area,
then in Utah with Scandanavians there.
He returned to Europe, and started
several agencies for other countries.
Fredrick Franson
Fredrik Franson
 Scandavian Alliance Mission later
became TEAM. They have many
missionaries in a variety of countries
 He opened the door to women to work
Faith Missions – AIM
 Peter Scott & AIM - After turning away from a
career in opera, he went to A B Simpson’s
school. Shortly after his arrival in Africa, he
buried his own brother. He returned to the
USA to recover from illness. He had a vision
of starting works stretching from the east
coast of Africa to Lake Chad. He returned
with a group of 8 persons, later expanding to
15, and opened 4 stations beginning at
Mombasa., came back, and 14 months after
starting 4 works in Kenya, and was making
progress on the language.
First group for AIM
Faith Missions – AIM
 Peter Scott & AIM - After just 14 months in
Kenya he died of blackwater fever. A few
years later they were down to one missionary.
 He was replaced by C. E. Hurlburt, who had
headed the council sending the group, and
was President of Philadelphia Bible College.
He ended up moving to Africa with his 5
children, all who later joined AIM, and had the
assistance of Theodore Roosevelt to get into
Congo.
Faith Missions – AIM
 He established Rift Valley Academy with 3 mo
school, 1 mo home...
 There was a real crisis with female
circumcision, later placed in the hands of the
African church
 After the MauMau rebellion, the churches were
turned more and more over to the Africans.
CI Scofield and Central
American Mission
 CI Scofield and Central American Mission -
Served in the civil war, trained afterwards as a
lawyer, was an alcoholic, but converted, and
became a Congregational pastor. He was
divorced from his first wife and estranged
from his daughters. He had been convicted of
forgery and fraud, and had spent 6 months in
jail.
 He was saved – actually divorced after
salvation, and became a pastor – eventually
two large churches in Dallas and Moody’s old
church
C. I Scofield
He was a Bible student, pastor 13 years
long, and president of Philadelphia
College of the Bible.
A student of dispensationalism, he wrote
his famous note on the Scofield Bible.
Some claim that he wanted the RSV and
conferred with Westcott & Hort before
writing his notes
C. I. Scofield
CI Scofield and Central
American Mission
 He learned of the problems in Costa Rica, and
formed CAM - and within 4 months had a man
in the country - gradual steady growth till 25
missionaries in 5 countries;
 now 300 missionaries in 6 countries.
Faith Missions - SIM
 Roland Bingham – born & saved in
England, came to Canada and joined
the Salvation Army
 SIM - started with Walter Gowans,
Canadian Scot, recruited to go with
him. Gowans & Kent (the third man)
were dead, and Bingham had stayed
back and was sick with malaria.
Faith Missions - SIM
 After 7 years, he went again with his
new wife. One missionary died, 2
returned, and Bingham was returned
with malaria.
 But finally on the third attempt, they
had a few converts though only one of
four missionaries remained.
 Mrs. Gowan was a great prayer warrior.
Roland Bingham
Faith Missions - SIM
 They saw blatant satanism. They worked
with lepers,
 Dr. Thomas Lambie began working in
Ethiopia. Only 17 baptized believers were
there and Italy was at war. The
missionaries stayed on an additional two
years despite danger, with 19 leaving with 7
children, and 48 believers left behind
Faith Missions - SIM
 During persecution between 1937 and
1941, whipping pastors 100 & 400 lashes,
with three dying and most unable to lie
on their backs for month, the church
grew from 48 believers to 10,000 with
100 churches. The love shown by
believers drew others to them.
 They returned in 1948, but were kicked
out by the Muslim government in 1964
Faith Missions - SIM
 Marxist governments and Islam have
killed at least 500,000 Christians – but
2500 churches and many Bible schools
 There were some changes in the 1970's
but still problems with a Marxist
government in Ethiopia. There are still
Christian schools and now 2500
churches in the area.
Jim Elliot – Operation Auca
 Members of three boards – all young;
Nate Saint had been in Ecuador 7 years,
as the oldest.
 They were aware of the tragedy in
Bolivia by NTM a decade earlier when
hostile indians killed 5 missionaries
 They made contact in 1955 by plane,
and landed 3 months later – knew little
of the language
Operation Auca
 The missionaries from 3 mission boards
used a code language and did not
inform their seniors
 The missionaries made no use of Frank
Drown, experienced missionary with the
Javiro Indians
 However God allowed and overruled for
good – many were recruited
Jim Elliot
 All 5 missionaries were killed by the Auca
indians, but later Elizabeth Elliot and Rachel
Saint lived among them and saw many get
saved
 It appears that the Auca are territorial, and
view all foreigners as a threat which must be
eliminated…
 Many missionaries were recruited after their
deaths
Jim Elliot and others
Eliza Davis-George – Liberia
1878-1980
 Black lady from Texas finally allowed to
go by the SBC. She had immediate
success with 1000 professions and 50
boys in training within 2 years.
 She married and worked together 20
years till the death of her husband
though it was a difficult marriage
Mother Eliza Davis-George
Eliza Davis-George
 She went independent and had support
clubs in the USA, eventually saw the
work continue to expand, and worked
until 90 years old, and then turned it
over to Liberian nationals She had 4
mission stations and founded the ENI
(Eliza Inland Mission)
 She started 8 schools and 27 churches,
living to be over100 years old
Her ENI schools -
New Tribes Mission
 Started in 1942 by Paul Fleming
 The stated goals are to reach the lost
with the gospel, focusing on those who
do not have the gospel
 There is an intensive 4 year training
program including 2 years of Bible,
followed by 2 years of linguistics,
survival training, cultural anthropology
NTM tragedies
 The first plane operated crashed with
15 deaths. A second plane crashed
with 21 deaths
 Once a forest fire killed 14 who were
fighting the fire
New Tribes philosophy
 Bible translation is done word for word
 First persons learn the language and
culture, and put the language into
writing
 The training uses the chronological
method advocated by Trevor McIlwain
 The goal is self-sustaining national
churches
Joe Moreno and NTM
 Joe Moreno and NTM - told about the 5 missing
men who were killed by the Ayore indians, but
Moreno’s patient work had succeeded in
making contact, and the word of the deaths
came out some 6 years later.
 NTM was accused (falsely, I believe) of working
with the CIA and living in luxury and were
thrown out of Venezuela by Hugo Chavez
C. T. Studd and WEC
 C T Studd - rich and athletic. His father was
wealthy, raced horses, but got saved and gave
up racing; his children were saved as well.
 After his death, and six years later, the near
death of a brother, he went to DL Moody
campaign, and was converted, with 6 others.
He was England’s best cricket player.
 He married and stayed nearly 10 years in China
– gave away a sizeable inheritance to Mueller,
Moody, and two other groups
CT Studd and the Cambridge
Seven
C. T. Studd and WEC
 C T Studd – His family with 4 daughters returned
to England where he worked for 6 years very
successfully recruiting student volunteers, followed
by 6 years in India. But bad health forced his
return again to England.
 Age 50, he was sick but felt called to Africa. His
wife Priscilla, also sick did not go. He went with
an assistant for 6 years before coming back for his
first and only furlough. His wife had recovered
and worked well at the home office.
C. T. Studd and WEC
 In Africa, he was domineering and demanding
an 18 hour day for all, and did not respect the
African Christians, and had problems with his
own missionaries, including his family; two
daughters and son-in-laws were with him.
 He had multiple medical problems including
asthma and gall stones
 He did not believe in eternal security, and felt
that even the lazy (by his standards) were lost.
C. T. Studd and WEC
 He became a morphine addict, and actually
dismissed a son-in-law and daughter from the
mission. He wrote a pamphlet showing poor
judgment.
 After CT Studd died, his son-in-law Norman
Grubb took over and restored the mission,
which was by then in shambles, renaming it
Worldwide Evangelistic Crusade (WEC).
 The mission continued to grow over the years
Norman Grubb, director of
WEC
The Student Volunteer
Movement
 Thousands recruited, but allowed liberalism in the
movement
 In 1890 - all seminaries but Harvard were
evangelical
 In 1920 - virtually all denominational seminaries
were liberal
 The same year was the peak of the SVM, which
slowly died after that; they had not separated
from liberal influences
John R Mott
 John R Mott – His father was wealthy. He
went to college age 16, and a few years later,
he was influenced by Studd’s brother, and
also DL Moody.
 He was one of the initial starters of the
Student Volunteer Movement begun by DL
Moody after a month of training, as one of
the 100 who pledged to become a foreign
missionary.
John R. Mott
John R Mott
 Robert Wilder asked John Mott to take over
as leader.
 John Mott also worked with the YMCA, and
was general secretary for 16 years
 He tied groups together and had a World
Student Christian Fellowship
 Organized the first international missions
conference at Edinburgh in 1910
 He received the Nobel Peace prize in 1946
and numerous international awards
John R Mott
 He had excellent results in China on two occasions in
the early 1900s.
 He was caught in the movement for socialization,
which he did not want, but was considered liberal by
the new fundamentalists, and many stopped going to
SVM. He and Robert Speer were targeted by
fundamentalists. Took part in World Council of
Churches
 He continued to travel till his death. At age 86 he
remarried, and died two years later age 89.
Robert E Speer 1867-1947
 46 years secretary of foreign missions of the
Presbyterian church when much missionary zeal
 He was secy of SVM on year, then the position
of the Presbyterian church. He strongly
rejected the liberal movement, and emphasized
salvation necessity, but stayed with
Presbyterian Church USA when the
conservatives left
Robert E Speer
 He was accused of deliberately allowing
unorthodox missionaries, but acquitted
by the General Assembly
 He supported women on the mission
field
Robert E Speer
Fletcher Brockman
 Well educated Methodist, sent to China
by YMCA just before the Boxer
Rebellion. Fellow missionary Pitkin was
murdered – but 13 years later, there
was a sort of revival when they
preached about his death.
 He studied and appreciated oriental
religious beliefs
Fletcher Brockman
 He brought in scientific intellectual C.H.
Robinson to teach in China
 Set up YMCA, but some later became
YMBA Young Mens Buddhist Assoc.
 Turned down offer of presidency of
Peking University
 Spent last years unhappy trying to hold
up the YMCA in the USA
Fletcher Brockman
E. Stanley Jones
 India should be interpreted by Indians,
not Western civilization
 Started in Lucknow as Methodist pastor;
then worked for a short time with
outcasts.
 He started with intellectuals, had
problems for 8 ½ years, then a spiritual
experience & no more problems
E. Stanley Jones
 He presented only Christ, but not
Christianity, and avoided difficult OT
passages.
 He took a generous view of other world
religious systems – accused of syncretism
 He used Ashrams and Round Table
conferences with other intellectuals
E. Stanley Jones 1907-1973
 Very influential as evangelist also in
Japan – worked with F. D. Roosevelt to
try to avoid World War II with Japan
 Personal friend of Ghandi, wrote a
biography of his life
 Very ecumenical, and had a weak view
of the church. Felt his job was to
introduce people to Christ, not the
institutional church
E. Stanley Jones
Summary evaluation of
colonialism 1858-1914
 Good features
 Opened some countries which would
have remained unreached
 Developed some countries with
enlightened colonialism; law & order
Summary evaluation
colonialism 1858-1914
 Bad features
 Commercial motives backed with a
gun and exploitation of the native
population. The worst example =
Britain requiring China to participate
in the opium trade
 Resentment of western “Christians” in
the heart of the nationals
Colonialism problems
 Many missionaries were postmillenial,
and viewed Christianization and
civilization together.
 But many found western civilization
repugnant.
 There was also the “white man’s
burden” and “manifest destiny”
 Missionaries were often lumped
together with colonialism
Specialized Missions
 After WW I & WWII, especially veterans pushed
forward
 Most were evangelical, not liberal, & used new
technology
 Communism also encouraged new ways to reach
behind the Iron curtain- like radio + literature
 Bible schools broadened their curriculum, and
some became liberal arts colleges
 Especially translation, medicine, aviation, radio,
agriculture became glamorous
Missionary Medicine
 Tremendous impact for good
 Competition with witch doctors and medicine men
 Clash with culture and prejudices
 Starting with John Thomas (India with Carey),
some were part-time like David Livingston &
Hudson Taylor.
 One famous - Albert Schweitzer ? Saved???,
Medical missions late 19th
century
 John Scudder – India
 Clara Swain – India
 First missionary nurse 1884 – E. M.
Mckechnie to Shanghai
Medical missions
 More recently - governments have taken
over more.
 Now public health, prevention and
education are often open doors
 MAP gives millions of $$ drugs,
equipment, enz.
 My personal contribution – though
through USAID – was in medical
education
Wilfred Grenfell
 Wilfred Grenfell - Labrador, converted in a Moody
meeting. Initially he worked as an MD on a ship
in the north seas, but then saw Labrador. He had
opposition from the Anglical church, which was
doing nothing, but did not want to lose converts.
Grenfell also helped the economy, to the
opposition of the local merchants, who lost some
of their profits. He risked his life.
 His introduction of reindeer backfired as the
reindeer died of a parasite which they also
transmitted to the local caribou herds
Wilfred Grenfell
 The difficulty was his total
independence and his lack of concern
for doctrinal stance of others but for
their work for the Lord.
 He was made a knight by King George
V
Wilfred Grenfell
Ida Scudder
 Ida Scudder. Her father John went to Ceylon for 36
years, and 9/13 children lived, 7 became
missionaries, and there were 42 missionaries in 4
generations. Born in 1870, she knew missionary
life. After being in the USA as a teenager, and at
Moody’s school, She went back to India from school
to care for her sick mother, stayed as a teacher,
but then was called to assist in three difficult labors
because she was a women. She could not by lack
of training and all three women died.
Ida Scudder
 She returned to the USA, and after
graduation from medical school,
returned to start a hospital. Her father
died, and at first people did not trust
her care. She started a nursing school
for women, who ranked very high in
government scores. She ran a hospital,
an orphanage, and taught a Bible
school. Her mother died age 86
Ida Scudder
 When the school was forced to integrate
with men, there was great controversy in
her board, but they eventually agreed. The
school was eventually combined with men’s
schools after great controversy. The
hospital was an incredible success.- Vellore
remains a top school.
 She retired at 75, but continued to serve
there for another decade
Ida Scudder & Vellore Hospital
Viggo Olsen
 Converted after he was a doctor, he turned
down lucrative offers to go to Bangladesh
 He opened and ran Memorial Hospital during
a time of great upheaval, but was successful
as an MD and witness for Christ
 Was also a diplomat and translated into a
dialect of Bengalese
Dr. Viggo Olsen
Dr. Carl Becker
 After high school, he worked 5 years to
support his mother, and then entered
medical school
 He made a promise to give everything
to God if he finished. He went to a
small town in Pennsylvania and
prospered greatly as an MD
Dr. Carl Becker
 Africa Inland Mission contacted him and
he left for Africa with his wife and
children. After living in several different
areas, he settled in Oicha, Belgian
Congo to work among the pygmies
Carl Becker
 He was very innovative, especially with
leprosy and psychiatric patients. He had 4000
patients in a 1100 acre compound and very
great success – experts from over the world
came. He was treating 2000 patients daily
and doing 3000 operations per year
 He also used electric shock therapy for
psychiatric patients.
Carl Becker
 At age 70, he left in 1964 escaped the
Simbas (he had been targeted). He
returned and continued 13 years after
that and finally retired to the USA age
83. He worked on a hospital and
training center for Africans.
Dr. Carl Becker
Translations
 John Elliot translated into Algonquin
 Carey was an effective translator in India
 Also: Robert Morrison, Adoniram Judson,
Robert Moffat, Hudson Taylor, Henry Martyn
were all translators.
 19th century - 500 translations.
 Much progress with computers and national
helpers
William Cameron Townsend
 Born in 1896, went after college to sell
Bibles in Guatemala. Spent 13 years
learning an Indian language,
Cakchiquel, reducing it to writing, and
translation of scriptures. He had major
differences with CAM, and left after his
wife’s death – wanted to translate, but
the mission wanted evangelism
Wycliffe & William Cameron
Townsend
 William Cameron Townsend - he was
effective as a translator himself, but quite
ecumenical in belief and practice.
 There was a question about his honesty in
presenting himself to go into countries just
as a translator. - wanted to take a Roman
Catholic into his organization. He allowed
Pentecostal workers in as well with a slight
revision of their faith
William Cameron Townsend
Wycliffe & William Cameron
Townsend
 He supported using all races, as well as women
translators, even alone. Two went to work with the
Shapras – headhunters. The chief said that he
would have killed men, but not women – eventually
became Christian
 He ended up with 4500 workers, translated himself,
worked more than 50 years as translator. He
placed himself under a board which he himself had
formed.
 He remarried after his first wife died; his wife and 4
children lived in Peru 17 years
Wycliffe & Kenneth Pike
 He was followed by Kenneth Pike: Kenneth
Pike - transformed into a linguist of great
ability although initially had great difficulty in
translation.
 Became very polished in academic circles as
well.
 He was an effective and practical teacher.
 He also was Professor of Linguistics at the
University of Michigan for 30 years
Kenneth Pike
Other translators
 Rachel Saint - brother Nate was killed by
Auca indians. She was already working on
the language. After his death, she worked
with Dayuma for years, took her to the USA
for a tour, and returned. She and Elizabeth
Elliot lived with them and eventually saw
many saved.
Rachel Saint

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History of missions lesson 14 faith and specialized missions 20th century

  • 1. Missions History of Missions Dr. Robert Patton Missionary to Suriname, South America
  • 2. Faith Missions  Began in 1865 (CIM) and many boards started over the next 40 years  Conservative evangelical  Mostly Bible Institute or other institutions provided most of the manpower  Initially they were Bible College graduates, later 4 year programs
  • 3. Faith Missions  Focus on evangelism, but often using new technology  Radio, aviation, gospel recordings, etc often used
  • 4. Faith Missions – C & MA  A.B. Simpson = Christian and Missionary Alliance.  Born in 1843, baptized in Prince Edwards Island by John Geddie.  Influenced by death of John Williams, and planned to be a missionary.  He was a great preacher, initially planned to go to missions, but took over Knox Church after attending Knox College, added 750 members quickly
  • 6. Faith Missions – C & MA  Then he started serious soulwinning at the Chestnut Street Church in Louisville, Ky., the largest church in Louisville  He had a vision of China, and wanted to go, but his wife did not, and they had 6 children.  He moved to NYC in 1879 to the 13th street Presbyterian Church. When he reached out to 100 Italians, the church suggested they find another church.
  • 7. Faith Missions – C & MA  Instead, he resigned and went independent to reach the indigent lost. It was a difficult step of faith but the church grew and he built Gospel Tabernacle.  He began training and developed Nyack Missionary College  He emphasized Christ as savior, sanctifier, healer and coming King. Had great influence on Assembly of God and Four Square Gospel churches
  • 8. Faith Missions – C & MA  Started C & MA – 150 missionaries in 15 countries.  He wrote over 100 books and composed many hymns  Initially in Africa there were more graves than living missionaries. 35 missionaries died in the Boxer Rebellion.  The C & MA has many more overseas than in the USA
  • 9. Nyack College & Simpson
  • 10. Fredrik Franson  Concerned about evangelizing the world and influenced by Hudson Taylor and A B. Simpson. He originally was trained by D.L. Moody, worked in Chicago area, then in Utah with Scandanavians there. He returned to Europe, and started several agencies for other countries.
  • 12. Fredrik Franson  Scandavian Alliance Mission later became TEAM. They have many missionaries in a variety of countries  He opened the door to women to work
  • 13. Faith Missions – AIM  Peter Scott & AIM - After turning away from a career in opera, he went to A B Simpson’s school. Shortly after his arrival in Africa, he buried his own brother. He returned to the USA to recover from illness. He had a vision of starting works stretching from the east coast of Africa to Lake Chad. He returned with a group of 8 persons, later expanding to 15, and opened 4 stations beginning at Mombasa., came back, and 14 months after starting 4 works in Kenya, and was making progress on the language.
  • 15. Faith Missions – AIM  Peter Scott & AIM - After just 14 months in Kenya he died of blackwater fever. A few years later they were down to one missionary.  He was replaced by C. E. Hurlburt, who had headed the council sending the group, and was President of Philadelphia Bible College. He ended up moving to Africa with his 5 children, all who later joined AIM, and had the assistance of Theodore Roosevelt to get into Congo.
  • 16. Faith Missions – AIM  He established Rift Valley Academy with 3 mo school, 1 mo home...  There was a real crisis with female circumcision, later placed in the hands of the African church  After the MauMau rebellion, the churches were turned more and more over to the Africans.
  • 17. CI Scofield and Central American Mission  CI Scofield and Central American Mission - Served in the civil war, trained afterwards as a lawyer, was an alcoholic, but converted, and became a Congregational pastor. He was divorced from his first wife and estranged from his daughters. He had been convicted of forgery and fraud, and had spent 6 months in jail.  He was saved – actually divorced after salvation, and became a pastor – eventually two large churches in Dallas and Moody’s old church
  • 18. C. I Scofield He was a Bible student, pastor 13 years long, and president of Philadelphia College of the Bible. A student of dispensationalism, he wrote his famous note on the Scofield Bible. Some claim that he wanted the RSV and conferred with Westcott & Hort before writing his notes
  • 20. CI Scofield and Central American Mission  He learned of the problems in Costa Rica, and formed CAM - and within 4 months had a man in the country - gradual steady growth till 25 missionaries in 5 countries;  now 300 missionaries in 6 countries.
  • 21. Faith Missions - SIM  Roland Bingham – born & saved in England, came to Canada and joined the Salvation Army  SIM - started with Walter Gowans, Canadian Scot, recruited to go with him. Gowans & Kent (the third man) were dead, and Bingham had stayed back and was sick with malaria.
  • 22. Faith Missions - SIM  After 7 years, he went again with his new wife. One missionary died, 2 returned, and Bingham was returned with malaria.  But finally on the third attempt, they had a few converts though only one of four missionaries remained.  Mrs. Gowan was a great prayer warrior.
  • 24. Faith Missions - SIM  They saw blatant satanism. They worked with lepers,  Dr. Thomas Lambie began working in Ethiopia. Only 17 baptized believers were there and Italy was at war. The missionaries stayed on an additional two years despite danger, with 19 leaving with 7 children, and 48 believers left behind
  • 25. Faith Missions - SIM  During persecution between 1937 and 1941, whipping pastors 100 & 400 lashes, with three dying and most unable to lie on their backs for month, the church grew from 48 believers to 10,000 with 100 churches. The love shown by believers drew others to them.  They returned in 1948, but were kicked out by the Muslim government in 1964
  • 26. Faith Missions - SIM  Marxist governments and Islam have killed at least 500,000 Christians – but 2500 churches and many Bible schools  There were some changes in the 1970's but still problems with a Marxist government in Ethiopia. There are still Christian schools and now 2500 churches in the area.
  • 27. Jim Elliot – Operation Auca  Members of three boards – all young; Nate Saint had been in Ecuador 7 years, as the oldest.  They were aware of the tragedy in Bolivia by NTM a decade earlier when hostile indians killed 5 missionaries  They made contact in 1955 by plane, and landed 3 months later – knew little of the language
  • 28. Operation Auca  The missionaries from 3 mission boards used a code language and did not inform their seniors  The missionaries made no use of Frank Drown, experienced missionary with the Javiro Indians  However God allowed and overruled for good – many were recruited
  • 29. Jim Elliot  All 5 missionaries were killed by the Auca indians, but later Elizabeth Elliot and Rachel Saint lived among them and saw many get saved  It appears that the Auca are territorial, and view all foreigners as a threat which must be eliminated…  Many missionaries were recruited after their deaths
  • 30. Jim Elliot and others
  • 31. Eliza Davis-George – Liberia 1878-1980  Black lady from Texas finally allowed to go by the SBC. She had immediate success with 1000 professions and 50 boys in training within 2 years.  She married and worked together 20 years till the death of her husband though it was a difficult marriage
  • 33. Eliza Davis-George  She went independent and had support clubs in the USA, eventually saw the work continue to expand, and worked until 90 years old, and then turned it over to Liberian nationals She had 4 mission stations and founded the ENI (Eliza Inland Mission)  She started 8 schools and 27 churches, living to be over100 years old
  • 35. New Tribes Mission  Started in 1942 by Paul Fleming  The stated goals are to reach the lost with the gospel, focusing on those who do not have the gospel  There is an intensive 4 year training program including 2 years of Bible, followed by 2 years of linguistics, survival training, cultural anthropology
  • 36. NTM tragedies  The first plane operated crashed with 15 deaths. A second plane crashed with 21 deaths  Once a forest fire killed 14 who were fighting the fire
  • 37. New Tribes philosophy  Bible translation is done word for word  First persons learn the language and culture, and put the language into writing  The training uses the chronological method advocated by Trevor McIlwain  The goal is self-sustaining national churches
  • 38. Joe Moreno and NTM  Joe Moreno and NTM - told about the 5 missing men who were killed by the Ayore indians, but Moreno’s patient work had succeeded in making contact, and the word of the deaths came out some 6 years later.  NTM was accused (falsely, I believe) of working with the CIA and living in luxury and were thrown out of Venezuela by Hugo Chavez
  • 39. C. T. Studd and WEC  C T Studd - rich and athletic. His father was wealthy, raced horses, but got saved and gave up racing; his children were saved as well.  After his death, and six years later, the near death of a brother, he went to DL Moody campaign, and was converted, with 6 others. He was England’s best cricket player.  He married and stayed nearly 10 years in China – gave away a sizeable inheritance to Mueller, Moody, and two other groups
  • 40. CT Studd and the Cambridge Seven
  • 41. C. T. Studd and WEC  C T Studd – His family with 4 daughters returned to England where he worked for 6 years very successfully recruiting student volunteers, followed by 6 years in India. But bad health forced his return again to England.  Age 50, he was sick but felt called to Africa. His wife Priscilla, also sick did not go. He went with an assistant for 6 years before coming back for his first and only furlough. His wife had recovered and worked well at the home office.
  • 42. C. T. Studd and WEC  In Africa, he was domineering and demanding an 18 hour day for all, and did not respect the African Christians, and had problems with his own missionaries, including his family; two daughters and son-in-laws were with him.  He had multiple medical problems including asthma and gall stones  He did not believe in eternal security, and felt that even the lazy (by his standards) were lost.
  • 43. C. T. Studd and WEC  He became a morphine addict, and actually dismissed a son-in-law and daughter from the mission. He wrote a pamphlet showing poor judgment.  After CT Studd died, his son-in-law Norman Grubb took over and restored the mission, which was by then in shambles, renaming it Worldwide Evangelistic Crusade (WEC).  The mission continued to grow over the years
  • 45. The Student Volunteer Movement  Thousands recruited, but allowed liberalism in the movement  In 1890 - all seminaries but Harvard were evangelical  In 1920 - virtually all denominational seminaries were liberal  The same year was the peak of the SVM, which slowly died after that; they had not separated from liberal influences
  • 46. John R Mott  John R Mott – His father was wealthy. He went to college age 16, and a few years later, he was influenced by Studd’s brother, and also DL Moody.  He was one of the initial starters of the Student Volunteer Movement begun by DL Moody after a month of training, as one of the 100 who pledged to become a foreign missionary.
  • 48. John R Mott  Robert Wilder asked John Mott to take over as leader.  John Mott also worked with the YMCA, and was general secretary for 16 years  He tied groups together and had a World Student Christian Fellowship  Organized the first international missions conference at Edinburgh in 1910  He received the Nobel Peace prize in 1946 and numerous international awards
  • 49. John R Mott  He had excellent results in China on two occasions in the early 1900s.  He was caught in the movement for socialization, which he did not want, but was considered liberal by the new fundamentalists, and many stopped going to SVM. He and Robert Speer were targeted by fundamentalists. Took part in World Council of Churches  He continued to travel till his death. At age 86 he remarried, and died two years later age 89.
  • 50. Robert E Speer 1867-1947  46 years secretary of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church when much missionary zeal  He was secy of SVM on year, then the position of the Presbyterian church. He strongly rejected the liberal movement, and emphasized salvation necessity, but stayed with Presbyterian Church USA when the conservatives left
  • 51. Robert E Speer  He was accused of deliberately allowing unorthodox missionaries, but acquitted by the General Assembly  He supported women on the mission field
  • 53. Fletcher Brockman  Well educated Methodist, sent to China by YMCA just before the Boxer Rebellion. Fellow missionary Pitkin was murdered – but 13 years later, there was a sort of revival when they preached about his death.  He studied and appreciated oriental religious beliefs
  • 54. Fletcher Brockman  He brought in scientific intellectual C.H. Robinson to teach in China  Set up YMCA, but some later became YMBA Young Mens Buddhist Assoc.  Turned down offer of presidency of Peking University  Spent last years unhappy trying to hold up the YMCA in the USA
  • 56. E. Stanley Jones  India should be interpreted by Indians, not Western civilization  Started in Lucknow as Methodist pastor; then worked for a short time with outcasts.  He started with intellectuals, had problems for 8 ½ years, then a spiritual experience & no more problems
  • 57. E. Stanley Jones  He presented only Christ, but not Christianity, and avoided difficult OT passages.  He took a generous view of other world religious systems – accused of syncretism  He used Ashrams and Round Table conferences with other intellectuals
  • 58. E. Stanley Jones 1907-1973  Very influential as evangelist also in Japan – worked with F. D. Roosevelt to try to avoid World War II with Japan  Personal friend of Ghandi, wrote a biography of his life  Very ecumenical, and had a weak view of the church. Felt his job was to introduce people to Christ, not the institutional church
  • 60. Summary evaluation of colonialism 1858-1914  Good features  Opened some countries which would have remained unreached  Developed some countries with enlightened colonialism; law & order
  • 61. Summary evaluation colonialism 1858-1914  Bad features  Commercial motives backed with a gun and exploitation of the native population. The worst example = Britain requiring China to participate in the opium trade  Resentment of western “Christians” in the heart of the nationals
  • 62. Colonialism problems  Many missionaries were postmillenial, and viewed Christianization and civilization together.  But many found western civilization repugnant.  There was also the “white man’s burden” and “manifest destiny”  Missionaries were often lumped together with colonialism
  • 63. Specialized Missions  After WW I & WWII, especially veterans pushed forward  Most were evangelical, not liberal, & used new technology  Communism also encouraged new ways to reach behind the Iron curtain- like radio + literature  Bible schools broadened their curriculum, and some became liberal arts colleges  Especially translation, medicine, aviation, radio, agriculture became glamorous
  • 64. Missionary Medicine  Tremendous impact for good  Competition with witch doctors and medicine men  Clash with culture and prejudices  Starting with John Thomas (India with Carey), some were part-time like David Livingston & Hudson Taylor.  One famous - Albert Schweitzer ? Saved???,
  • 65. Medical missions late 19th century  John Scudder – India  Clara Swain – India  First missionary nurse 1884 – E. M. Mckechnie to Shanghai
  • 66. Medical missions  More recently - governments have taken over more.  Now public health, prevention and education are often open doors  MAP gives millions of $$ drugs, equipment, enz.  My personal contribution – though through USAID – was in medical education
  • 67. Wilfred Grenfell  Wilfred Grenfell - Labrador, converted in a Moody meeting. Initially he worked as an MD on a ship in the north seas, but then saw Labrador. He had opposition from the Anglical church, which was doing nothing, but did not want to lose converts. Grenfell also helped the economy, to the opposition of the local merchants, who lost some of their profits. He risked his life.  His introduction of reindeer backfired as the reindeer died of a parasite which they also transmitted to the local caribou herds
  • 68. Wilfred Grenfell  The difficulty was his total independence and his lack of concern for doctrinal stance of others but for their work for the Lord.  He was made a knight by King George V
  • 70. Ida Scudder  Ida Scudder. Her father John went to Ceylon for 36 years, and 9/13 children lived, 7 became missionaries, and there were 42 missionaries in 4 generations. Born in 1870, she knew missionary life. After being in the USA as a teenager, and at Moody’s school, She went back to India from school to care for her sick mother, stayed as a teacher, but then was called to assist in three difficult labors because she was a women. She could not by lack of training and all three women died.
  • 71. Ida Scudder  She returned to the USA, and after graduation from medical school, returned to start a hospital. Her father died, and at first people did not trust her care. She started a nursing school for women, who ranked very high in government scores. She ran a hospital, an orphanage, and taught a Bible school. Her mother died age 86
  • 72. Ida Scudder  When the school was forced to integrate with men, there was great controversy in her board, but they eventually agreed. The school was eventually combined with men’s schools after great controversy. The hospital was an incredible success.- Vellore remains a top school.  She retired at 75, but continued to serve there for another decade
  • 73. Ida Scudder & Vellore Hospital
  • 74. Viggo Olsen  Converted after he was a doctor, he turned down lucrative offers to go to Bangladesh  He opened and ran Memorial Hospital during a time of great upheaval, but was successful as an MD and witness for Christ  Was also a diplomat and translated into a dialect of Bengalese
  • 76. Dr. Carl Becker  After high school, he worked 5 years to support his mother, and then entered medical school  He made a promise to give everything to God if he finished. He went to a small town in Pennsylvania and prospered greatly as an MD
  • 77. Dr. Carl Becker  Africa Inland Mission contacted him and he left for Africa with his wife and children. After living in several different areas, he settled in Oicha, Belgian Congo to work among the pygmies
  • 78. Carl Becker  He was very innovative, especially with leprosy and psychiatric patients. He had 4000 patients in a 1100 acre compound and very great success – experts from over the world came. He was treating 2000 patients daily and doing 3000 operations per year  He also used electric shock therapy for psychiatric patients.
  • 79. Carl Becker  At age 70, he left in 1964 escaped the Simbas (he had been targeted). He returned and continued 13 years after that and finally retired to the USA age 83. He worked on a hospital and training center for Africans.
  • 81. Translations  John Elliot translated into Algonquin  Carey was an effective translator in India  Also: Robert Morrison, Adoniram Judson, Robert Moffat, Hudson Taylor, Henry Martyn were all translators.  19th century - 500 translations.  Much progress with computers and national helpers
  • 82. William Cameron Townsend  Born in 1896, went after college to sell Bibles in Guatemala. Spent 13 years learning an Indian language, Cakchiquel, reducing it to writing, and translation of scriptures. He had major differences with CAM, and left after his wife’s death – wanted to translate, but the mission wanted evangelism
  • 83. Wycliffe & William Cameron Townsend  William Cameron Townsend - he was effective as a translator himself, but quite ecumenical in belief and practice.  There was a question about his honesty in presenting himself to go into countries just as a translator. - wanted to take a Roman Catholic into his organization. He allowed Pentecostal workers in as well with a slight revision of their faith
  • 85. Wycliffe & William Cameron Townsend  He supported using all races, as well as women translators, even alone. Two went to work with the Shapras – headhunters. The chief said that he would have killed men, but not women – eventually became Christian  He ended up with 4500 workers, translated himself, worked more than 50 years as translator. He placed himself under a board which he himself had formed.  He remarried after his first wife died; his wife and 4 children lived in Peru 17 years
  • 86. Wycliffe & Kenneth Pike  He was followed by Kenneth Pike: Kenneth Pike - transformed into a linguist of great ability although initially had great difficulty in translation.  Became very polished in academic circles as well.  He was an effective and practical teacher.  He also was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Michigan for 30 years
  • 88. Other translators  Rachel Saint - brother Nate was killed by Auca indians. She was already working on the language. After his death, she worked with Dayuma for years, took her to the USA for a tour, and returned. She and Elizabeth Elliot lived with them and eventually saw many saved.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Then he started serious soulwinning at the Chestnut