A presentation of the results of a study for CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation), The Path to Net Zero: Deep Energy Retrofits. Presentation was made at the CMHC Affordable Retrofits Conference in October 2009.
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1. (Deep)
Energy
Retrofits
by
House
Type
Inves7ng
in
Exis7ng
Housing
Shawna
Henderson,
CEO
Bfreehomes
Design
Ltd.
2. Energy
Efficiency
programs
aim
for
a
20
to
30%
reduc7on
in
space
and
water
hea7ng
needs.
A
deep
energy
reduc7on
aims
for
70
to
90%.
3. St.
Margarets
Bay,
1992
St.
Margarets
Bay,
1998
St.
Margarets
Bay,
1996
Lunenburg,
2002
Wallace
River,
2007
4. New
SINGLE
FAMILY
housing
=
about
110,000/year
13.2
million
exis7ng
homes
in
Canada
Nova
Sco7a:
nearly
50%
pre-‐1970
5. CMHC About Your House Series:
Renovating for Energy Savings
http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/renoho/reensa/index.cfm
Free download
6. Approaching
Net
Zero
Energy
in
Exis7ng
Houses
12
house
types,
6
ci7es
Range
of
ages:
1922
to
2000
1.
How
does
house
type/age
affect
NZEEH?
2.
How
does
climate
affect
NZEEH?
7. • The
Twike:
2
person
human-‐electric
hybrid
• 5kw
electric
motor,
Top
speed
55
mph
• 4
-‐
8
kWh/100km,
equiv.
to
300
-‐
600
miles
per
gallon
8. House
as
a
System
Lost
Opportuni7es
–
Low
Hanging
Fruit
House
Yoga
–
Flexibility
&
Endurance
13. Approaching
Net
Zero
Energy
in
Exis7ng
Houses
12
house
types,
6
ci7es
Range
of
ages:
1922
to
2000
1.
How
does
house
type/age
affect
NZEEH?
2.
How
does
climate
affect
NZEEH?
14.
15. Approaching
Net
Zero
Energy
in
Exis7ng
Houses
Vancouver
Calgary
Toronto
Montréal
Halifax
Whitehorse
16. Approaching
Net
Zero
Energy
in
Exis7ng
Houses
Upgraded
Envelope
Targets
(RSI/R)
Averages from superinsulated houses built/designed in the last 5 years
in Canada and northern US, incl. EQuilibrium House Initiative projects
Ceiling
Main Walls Exposed
Floors
Below
Grade
Walls
Slab
Vancouver
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40)
7.0 (40)
7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
Calgary
Toronto
14.4 (80)
10.6 (60)
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40)
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40)
7.0 (40) 1.8(10)
7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
Montreal
14.4 (80)
10.6 (60)
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
Halifax
Whitehorse
10.6 (60)
14.4 (80)
7.0 (40)
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40)
10.6 (60)
7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
7.0 (40) 1.8 (10)
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Approaching
Net
Zero
Energy
in
Exis7ng
Houses
Best
Case
Scenario:
Vancouver
Bungalow
General
informa7on
–
–
–
–
–
footprint
=
17
x
6
m
(55
x
20
m)
4/12
roof,
no
significant
heel
@
eave
framed
w/2x4
walls
poured
concrete
basement
single
pane
windows
24. Residen7al
uses
account
for
nearly
20%
of
overall
energy
consump7on
in
Canada
Data:
Office
of
Energy
Efficiency,
NRCan
25. Meeting DHW load becomes becomes
bigger challenge than space heating
as envelope improves
Energy
Use
Comparison
400
350
300
250
50%
reduc7on
Ligh7ng
200
Appliances
Water
150
80%
reduc7on
Space
100
50
0
As
Is
Conven7onal
DER
with
solar
26. Ligh7ng
5%
Shift the relationships between
purposes and energy use
As
Is
Appliances
13%
Water
17%
DER
with
Solar
Thermal
Space
65%
Ligh7ng
13%
Space
33%
Conven3onal
Ligh7ng
6%
Appliances
46%
Appliances
16%
Water
21%
Space
57%
Water
8%
27. 2
Halifax
‘Gut
Rehabs’
ecoENERGY:
5,
15
ecoENERGY
upgrade:
±60
Deep
Energy
Retrofit:
±80
Drop
space
hea7ng
load
by
±
50%
Drop
space
hea7ng
load
by
±
70%
Envelope
first,
then
mechanicals
28. FLAT ROOF OPTION OPTIMIZES SPACE @ 3RD FLOOR
35'-0"
10'-0"
9"
10'-0"
9"
8'-0"
NOTE: bay area squared
off at 3rd storey
roofline studies for
1375/79 and next door
1375/79 and next door
AS IS FLAT ROOF W/FRONT GABLES RAISED
developed upper floor
31. A:
No
direct
contact
w/concrete
or
masonry
walls
or
floors
for
moisture
sensi7ve
materials
B:
Moisture
tolerant
materials
are
not
in
contact
with
materials
that
will
absorb
water
if
there
is
problem
C:
Air7ght
construc7on
on
founda7on
walls
and
floors
warms
first
condensing
surface,
mi7ga7ng
moisture
issues
in
living
space
Plumbing
and
electrical
services
run
in
front
of
2
lb
foam
insula7on
and
behind
standoff
wall
–
full
depth
insula7on
throughout
basement
and
header
area
35. 5-‐
year
payback
based
on
$
spent
vs.
energy
savings
not
the
whole
story
–
but
how
to
quan7fy
comfort?
Windows,
siding
=
‘permanent’
components
w/20
yr
planning
horizon
36. Inside
glass
temp
also
impacts
condensa7on
and
moisture
issues
in
a
house
as
envelope
is
improved.
Mechanical
ven7la7on
required
–
low
space
hea7ng
loads:
can
we
use
ven7la7on
system
to
distribute
heat?
37. Two
of
each:
60%
efficient,
120k
Btu
oil
boiler
80
gal.
electric
water
heaters
+
indirect
tank,
uninsulated
in
uncondi7oned
space
…
to
this
(reasonable
facsimile
of
system)
From
this
…
97%
efficient,
50k
Btu
natural
gas
condensing
boiler
augmen7ng
solar
thermal
system
DHW
and
space
hea7ng
delivered
via
dual-‐
coil,
120
gallon
storage
tank
41. Energy
Reduc7ons
70%
reduc7on
in
space
hea7ng
+
90%
of
domes7c
hot
water
supplied
Hea7ng
Load:
160k
–
80k
–
50k
Btu
Energy
Use:
??!!
–
152mil–
60
mil
Btu
51000kWh
–
18000
kWh
42. House
as
an
Investment
Define
investment
period
What’s
in
your
pocket
at
the
end?
Resale-‐ability?
Non-‐energy
benefits?
Investment
horsepower?
Alterna7ves
…
Scenarios
for
house
Scenarios
for
money
43. What’s
the
payback?
72”
screen?
Maybe
we
need
glasses?!
Two
wall
ovens
+
microwave?
How
many
cooks?!
22 c.f. and up fridges?
Whose army are we feeding?!?!
44.
45. Phases
Dramproofing
&
Insula7on
1
Residing/Reroofing
&
Insula7on
2
Replace
Hea7ng
System
Rough-‐in
Solar
Thermal
System
Install
Drainwater
Recovery
Address
ven7la7on
requirements
Adjust
exis7ng
hea7ng
equipment
if
possible
High-‐efficiency,
small
capacity
unit
backing
up
solar
thermal
system
w/
low-‐temperature
hydronics
46. Investment/Energy
Costs
Conven7onal:
$22k
Oil
$8,100
Electricity
$7,300
Nat
Gas
$4,000
Deep
Energy
Retrofit:
$37k
Oil
$5,100
Electricity
$4,600
Nat
Gas
$2,600
DER
w/solar
combi:
$52k
Oil
$2,100
Electricity
$1,900
Nat
Gas
$1,000
47. DER
=
1.85x
up
front
costs
of
Conven7onal
Conven7onal
=
1.7x
projected
costs
of
DER
48. How
to
Frame
the
Analysis
of
Return
on
Investment
for
Energy
Savings
Measures
Among
the
prac7cal
range
of
investment
decisions:
Which
provides
the
largest
“return”?
Which
are
in
your
budget
range?
Which
achieves
the
desired
returns
within
your
investment
7meframe?
What
non-‐energy
benefits
are
driving
your
decision?
e.g.,
comfort
and
aesthe7c
benefits,
health
and
safety,
greater
control
over
energy
use,
ease
of
selling
home,
enhanced
pride
and
pres7ge,
environmental
responsibility