Reed lecture 2 midterm

I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth
4

I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.
5

He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit
6

and born of the Virgin Mary
7

He suffered under Pontius Pilate
8

He descended to the dead (hell)
11

On the third day he rose again.
12

and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
14

He will come again to judge the living and the dead.
15

I believe in the Holy Spirit
16

the resurrection of the body
20

I. Meaning of the Creed
 “Creed” derived from the Latin “credo” meaning
“I believe.”
 Used to denote a summary or concise
statement of doctrine formulated and accepted
by a church.
 Not meant to cover the whole field of Christian
faith, but to fortify believers against the teaching
of heretics.
Heresy - knowing and willful rejection of the
orthodox doctrines of faith by a baptized person

II. The 2 Principal Catholic Creeds
1. Apostles’ Creed is the oldest creed and
forms the basis for most other creeds.
General creed of the Christian Church
from the middle of the 2nd century (140 A.D.).
Not only used as a test of Christian
doctrine, but also used by catechists in
training and instructing candidates for
admission to the Church.

II. The 2 Principal Catholic Creeds
2. Nicene Creed - promulgated by the
first Council of Constantinople in 381.
It confirmed the faith of Nicea, the first
Ecumenical Council held in 325

III. Functions of the Creed
a) Summary of Beliefs – summary of
catholic truths needed to communicate
and instruct in the Gospel
b) Pledge of Loyalty – to God and to
the church
c) Proclamation of Identity – as
disciples of Christ reborn in the Spirit
within His body, the Church

Whoever says
"I believe" says
"I pledge myself to
what we believe."
Communion in faith
needs a common
language of faith,
normative for all and
uniting all in the same
confession of faith. CCC185
Whoever says
"I believe" says
"I pledge myself to
what we believe."
Communion in faith
needs a common
language of faith,
normative for all and
uniting all in the same
confession of faith. CCC185

IV. PARTS OF THE CREED
1. The first divine Person and the
wonderful work of creation
2. The second divine Person and the
mystery of his redemption of men
3. The third divine Person, the origin
and source of our sanctification.“
CCC190

V. Articles of the Creed
I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
Creator of heaven and earth; (The 1st article)
And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; (The 2nd)
Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, Born of the Virgin Mary, (The 3rd)
Suffered under Pontius Pilate, Was crucified, died, and was buried. (The
4th)
He descended into hell; The third day he rose again from the dead; (The
5th)
He ascended into Heaven,
And is seated at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; (The 6th)
From thence he shall come to judge the living and the dead. (The 7th)
I believe in the Holy Spirit, (The 8th)
The Holy Catholic Church,
The Communion of Saints, (The 9th)
The forgiveness of sins, (The 10th)
The resurrection of the body, (The 11th)
And life everlasting. Amen. (The 12th)

ARTICLE I
"I BELIEVE IN GOD THE FATHER ALMIGHTY,
CREATOR OF HEAVEN AND EARTH"
• For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall
back into fear, but you have received the spirit
of adoption. When we cry ‘Abba! Father!’ it is
that very spirit bearing witness with our spirit
that we are children of God…” (Rom 8:15-16)
• Jesus taught us to call God Abba = an Aramaic
word (the language that Jesus spoke); it is the
familiar and familial word for father; a term of
intimacy and endearment
• For you did not receive a spirit of slavery to fall
back into fear, but you have received the spirit
of adoption. When we cry ‘Abba! Father!’ it is
that very spirit bearing witness with our spirit
that we are children of God…” (Rom 8:15-16)
• Jesus taught us to call God Abba = an Aramaic
word (the language that Jesus spoke); it is the
familiar and familial word for father; a term of
intimacy and endearment

ARTICLE I
God the Father as the Almighty
•God’s might is universal, for God who
created everything also rules everything and
can do everything.
•God’s power is loving, for He is Our Father
•God is mysterious – only faith can discern it
when it is made perfect in weakness
God the Father as the Almighty
God’s might is universal, for God who
created everything also rules everything and
can do everything.
God’s power is loving, for He is Our Father
God is mysterious – only faith can discern it
when it is made perfect in weakness

ARTICLE I
God the Creator of Heaven and Earth
•Creation – the foundation of all God’s
saving plans, the beginning of the history of
salvation that culminates in Christ.
•Gen 1:1 – “In the beginning God created the
heavens and earth.” – Meaning (1) the
eternal God gave a beginning to all that
exists outside of himself (2) He alone is
creator (create – Hebrew bara)
God the Creator of Heaven and Earth
Creation – the foundation of all God’s
saving plans, the beginning of the history of
salvation that culminates in Christ.
Gen 1:1 – “In the beginning God created the
heavens and earth.” – Meaning (1) the
eternal God gave a beginning to all that
exists outside of himself (2) He alone is
creator (create – Hebrew bara)

ARTICLE I
The Mystery of Creation
•God creates by wisdom and love – it proceeds
from God’s free will; he wanted to make his
creatures share in his being, wisdom and
goodness.
•God creates out of nothing – God needs no pre-existent
The Mystery of Creation
•God creates by wisdom and love – it proceeds
from God’s free will; he wanted to make his
creatures share in his being, wisdom and
goodness.
•God creates out of nothing – God needs no pre-existent
thing or any help in order to create
thing or any help in order to create
•God creates an ordered and good world – “You
have arranged all things by measure and number
and weight.” (Wis 1:20)
•God creates an ordered and good world – “You
have arranged all things by measure and number
and weight.” (Wis 1:20)

ARTICLE I
• God transcends creation and is present
God transcends creation and is present
to it – God is greater than all his works,
God is present to his creatures
God upholds and sustains creation – God
does not abandon his creatures
to it – God is greater than all his works,
God is present to his creatures
• God upholds and sustains creation – God
does not abandon his creatures

ARTICLE 2
“I BELIEVE IN JESUS CHRIST, His only Son, our Lord; ”
Jesus – Hebrew – God saves; His name
expresses both his identity and mission
Christ – comes from the Greek translation
of the Hebrew Messiah which means
“anointed”; it became the name proper to
Jesus because he accomplished perfectly
the Divine mission that Christ signifies
Jesus – Hebrew – God saves; His name
expresses both his identity and mission
Christ – comes from the Greek translation
of the Hebrew Messiah which means
“anointed”; it became the name proper to
Jesus because he accomplished perfectly
the Divine mission that Christ signifies

ARTICLE 2
“I BELIEVE IN JESUS CHRIST, His only Son, our Lord; ”
Only Only Son Son of of God God – – a a title title given given to to the the angels, angels, the
the
chosen chosen people, people, the the children children of of Israel, Israel, and and their their kings;
kings;
an an adoptive adoptive sonship sonship that that establishes establishes a a relationship relationship of
of
particular particular intimacy intimacy between between God God and and His His creature;
creature;
Jesus Jesus was was designated designated Son Son of of God God in in power power according
according
to to the the spirit spirit of of holiness holiness by by his his resurrection resurrection from from the
the
dead. dead. ((Rom Rom 1:1:3; 3; Acts Acts 13:13:33)
33)
Lord Lord – – In In the the Greek Greek translation translation of of the the Old Old Testament,
Testament,
the the Hebrew Hebrew name name YHWH, YHWH, by by which which God God revealed
revealed
himself himself to to Moses Moses is is rendered rendered as as Kyrios Kyrios – – Lord Lord – – the
the
usual usual name name by by which which to to indicate indicate the the divinity divinity of
of
Israel’s Israel’s God
God

ARTICLE 3
"HE WAS CONCEIVED BY THE POWER OF THE
HOLY SPIRIT, AND BORN OF THE VIRGIN MARY"
• The Incarnation – “the Word became Flesh”
(Jn 1:14) = the Son of God assumed a human
nature in order to accomplish our salvation in
it.
• Jesus is true God and true man – He became
truly man while remaining truly God

ARTICLE 3
• Jesus is Conceived by the Power of the Holy
Spirit – The Holy Spirit is sent to sanctify the
womb of the Virgin Mary and divinely
fecundate it, causing her to conceive the
eternal Son of the Father in a humanity drawn
from her own.
• Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary – Mary was
enriched by God with gifts appropriate for a
mother of the Savior. “Hail Mary full of
grace…” (Lk 1:28)

ARTICLE 3
MARIAN DOGMA
1) Divine Motherhood
Mary's divine motherhood was proclaimed at
the Council of Ephesus in 431.
Various names are used to describe Mary's role as
mother of Jesus. She is called "Mother of God"
which translates the more accurately stated greek
term "Theotokos" or "Birthgiver of God."

ARTICLE 3
2) Perpetual Virginity
Although never explicated in detail, the Catholic
Church holds as dogma that Mary was and is
Virgin before, in and after Christ's birth. It
stresses thus the radical novelty of the
Incarnation and Mary's no less radical and
exclusive dedication to her mission as mother of
her Son, Jesus Christ. Vatican II reiterated the
teaching about Mary, the Ever-Virgin, by stating
that Christ's birth did not diminish Mary's virginal
integrity but sanctified it .

ARTICLE 3
3. Immaculate Conception –
the dogma of the Immaculate Conception states
"that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, from the first
moment of her conception, by a singular grace
and privilege from Almighty God and in view of
the merits of Jesus Christ, was kept free of every
stain of original sin."

ARTICLE 3
4. The Assumption –
The dogma states that "Mary, Immaculate
Mother of God ever Virgin, after finishing the
course of her life on earth, was taken up in body
and soul to heavenly glory."

ARTICLE 4
"JESUS CHRIST SUFFERED UNDER PONTIUS PILATE,
WAS CRUCIFIED, DIED, AND WAS BURIED"
JESUS’ PASCHAL MYSTERY
(Jesus’ suffering, death, and resurrection)
Here: Paschal comes from the Aramaic word
pasha which means “passover”. Mystery is
understood as truth that is still unfolding or
continuously understood.

ARTICLE 4
The Gospels portray Jesus as coming into conflict with
the religious powers for the following reasons:
1.He associated with outcasts and sinners (such as tax
collectors and prostitutes) and therefore, by insinuation,
was a sinner himself.
2.He was accused of not observing the law of Moses; for
example, he healed the sick on the Sabbath day.
3.He spoke of God in the most intimate terms as His
Father, His “Abba”
4.He was accused of being a threat to the security of the
nation

ARTICLE 4
Characteristics of Christ’s Suffering and Death
A. It is Redemptive
Mark 10:45; Rom. 3:24-25a; Jn. 13:1;
Jn. 15:13; Mt. 26:28; Titus 2:14
Jesus’ Passion and Death is redemptive- his
ultimate service in the Kingdom.

ARTICLE 4
B. It is to “expiate the sins of the people”
Hebrew 2:17; 1Cor. 5:7; Gal. 1:4;
1Cor. 11:25; Rom. 5:6; Eph. 5:2; 1Thes. 5:10
Jesus shares the Father’s love for us sinners.

ARTICLE 4
C. It is FOR US sinners
1Cor. 15:3; Jn. 1:29; Mt. 5:38-42; Mt. 5:44
Christ died for our sins.
1.Because of our sinfulness
2.To show us and empower us to overcome sin
and its effects

ARTICLE 5
"HE DESCENDED INTO HELL. ON THE THIRD DAY
HE ROSE AGAIN"
CCC 636 By the expression "He descended into
hell", the Apostles' Creed confesses that Jesus did
really die and through his death for us conquered
death and the devil "who has the power of death"
(Heb 2:14).
CCC 637 In his human soul united to his divine
person, the dead Christ went down to the realm
of the dead. He opened heaven's gates for the
just who had gone before him.

ARTICLE 5
HE ROSE AGAIN"
The resurrection of Jesus is the crowning truth of
our faith in Christ, a faith believed and lived as
the central truth by the first Christian community.
Through Jesus’ resurrection: (1) Christ’s works
and teachings are confirmed (2) Christ opens for
us the way to a new life (effects of resurrection
to Christian faith)

ARTICLE 5
HE ROSE AGAIN"
THE MEANING AND SAVING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESURRECTION
651 "If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is
in vain and your faith is in vain.” The Resurrection above
all constitutes the confirmation of all Christ's works and
teachings. All truths, even those most inaccessible to
human reason, find their justification if Christ by his
Resurrection has given the definitive proof of his divine
authority, which he had promised.

ARTICLE 5
HE ROSE AGAIN"
THE MEANING AND SAVING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESURRECTION
653 The truth of Jesus' divinity is confirmed by his
Resurrection. He had said: "When you have lifted
up the Son of man, then you will know that I am
he."523 The Resurrection of the crucified one
shows that he was truly "I AM", the Son of God
and God himself.

ARTICLE 6
"HE ASCENDED INTO HEAVEN AND IS SEATED
AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER"
• Ascension – “So then the Lord Jesus, after he
had spoken to them, was taken up into
heaven, and sat down at the right hand of
God.” (Mk 16:19)
• Seated at the right hand of the Father – Jesus
shares in the glory and honor of God’s divinity

ARTICLE 6
"HE ASCENDED INTO HEAVEN AND IS SEATED
AT THE RIGHT HAND OF THE FATHER"
CCC 667 Jesus Christ, having entered the
sanctuary of heaven once and for all, intercedes
constantly for us as the mediator who assures us
of the permanent outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

ARTICLE 7
"FROM THENCE HE WILL COME AGAIN
TO JUDGE THE LIVING AND THE DEAD"
Judgment Day – at the end of the world, Christ
will come in glory to achieve the definitive
triumph of good over evil
Parousia – In the New Testament the second
coming of Christ at the end time is called Parousia
(1 Cor 15:23, 1Thes 2:19, 3:13)

ARTICLE 8
"I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY SPIRIT"
• Spirit – from the Hebrew “ruah”, from the
Latin “spiritus” which means breath, wind;
therefore the Spirit is the Breath of God
• Spirit of God – Paraclete; from the Greek word
“parakletos” which means advocate.
• The Spirit of God is consubstantial with the
Father and the Son, with the Father and the
Son he is worshipped and glorified. (CCC 685)

ARTICLE 8
Gifts of the Holy Spirit (CCC 1831)
1.wisdom
2.understanding
3.counsel
4.fortitude
5.knowledge
6.piety
7.fear of the Lord

ARTICLE 8

ARTICLE 8
CCC 747 The Holy Spirit, whom Christ the head
pours out on his members, builds, animates, and
sanctifies the Church. She is the sacrament of the
Holy Trinity's communion with men.

ARTICLE 9
"I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH"
CCC 777 The word "Church" means
"convocation." It designates the assembly of
those whom God's Word "convokes," i.e., gathers
together to form the People of God, and who
themselves, nourished with the Body of Christ,
become the Body of Christ.

ARTICLE 9
FOUR MARKS OF THE CHURCH
CCC 866 The Church is ONE: she acknowledges
one Lord, confesses one faith, is born of one
Baptism, forms only one Body, is given life by the
one Spirit, for the sake of one hope (cf. Eph 4:3-
5), at whose fulfilment all divisions will be
overcome.

ARTICLE 9
CCC 867 The Church is HOLY: the Most Holy God
is her author; Christ, her bridegroom, gave
himself up to make her holy; the Spirit of holiness
gives her life. Since she still includes sinners, she
is "the sinless one made up of sinners." Her
holiness shines in the saints; in Mary she is
already all-holy.

ARTICLE 9
CCC 868 The Church is Catholic [universal]: she
proclaims the fullness of the faith. She bears in
herself and administers the totality of the means
of salvation. She is sent out to all peoples. She
speaks to all men. She encompasses all times. She
is "missionary of her very nature" (AG 2).

ARTICLE 9
CCC 869 The Church is Apostolic. She is built on a
lasting foundation: "the twelve apostles of the
Lamb" (Rev 21:14). She is indestructible
(cf. Mt 16:18). She is upheld infallibly in the truth:
Christ governs her through Peter and the other
apostles, who are present in their successors, the
Pope and the college of bishops.

ARTICLE 9
"I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH“
THE COMMUNION OF SAINTS
CCC 960 The Church is a "communion of saints":
this expression refers first to the "holy things"
(sancta), above all the Eucharist, by which "the
unity of believers, who form one body in Christ, is
both represented and brought about" (LG 3).

ARTICLE 9
"I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH“
THE COMMUNION OF SAINTS
CCC 962 "We believe in the communion of all the
faithful of Christ, those who are pilgrims on earth,
the dead who are being purified, and the blessed
in heaven, all together forming one Church; and
we believe that in this communion, the merciful
love of God and his saints is always [attentive] to
our prayers" (Paul VI, CPG # 30).

ARTICLE 10
"I BELIEVE IN THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS"
CCC 976 The Apostle's Creed associates faith in
the forgiveness of sins not only with faith in the
Holy Spirit, but also with faith in the Church and
in the communion of saints. It was when he gave
the Holy Spirit to his apostles that the risen Christ
conferred on them his own divine power to
forgive sins: "Receive the Holy Spirit. If you
forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you
retain the sins of any, they are retained."

ARTICLE 10
"I BELIEVE IN THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS"
CCC 986 By Christ's will, the Church possesses the
power to forgive the sins of the baptized and
exercises it through bishops and priests normally
in the sacrament of Penance.
987 "In the forgiveness of sins, both priests and
sacraments are instruments which our Lord Jesus
Christ, the only author and liberal giver of
salvation, wills to use in order to efface our sins
and give us the grace of justification”.

ARTICLE 11
"I BELIEVE IN THE RESURRECTION OF THE BODY"
CCC 1016 By death the soul is separated from the
body, but in the resurrection God will give
incorruptible life to our body, transformed by
reunion with our soul. Just as Christ is risen and
lives for ever, so all of us will rise at the last day.

ARTICLE 12
"I BELIEVE IN LIFE EVERLASTING"
CCC 1052 "We believe that the souls of all who
die in Christ's grace . . . are the People of God
beyond death. On the day of resurrection, death
will be definitively conquered, when these souls
will be reunited with their bodies" (Paul VI, CPG #
28).

ARTICLE 12
CCC 1053 "We believe that the multitude of those
gathered around Jesus and Mary in Paradise
forms the Church of heaven, where in eternal
blessedness they see God as he is and where
they are also, to various degrees, associated with
the holy angels in the divine governance
exercised by Christ in glory, by interceding for us
and helping our weakness by their fraternal
concern" (Paul VI, CPG # 29).

ARTICLE 12
CCC 1056 Following the example of Christ, the
Church warns the faithful of the "sad and
lamentable reality of eternal death" (GCD 69),
also called "hell."
1057 Hell's principal punishment consists of
eternal separation from God in whom alone man
can have the life and happiness for which he was
created and for which he longs.

ARTICLE 12
CCC 1060 At the end of time, the Kingdom of God
will come in its fullness. Then the just will reign
with Christ for ever, glorified in body and soul,
and the material universe itself will be
transformed. God will then be "all in all“
(1 Cor 15:28), in eternal life.

ARTICLE 12
CCC 1062 In Hebrew, amen comes from the same
root as the word "believe." This root expresses
solidity, trustworthiness, faithfulness. And so we
can understand why "Amen" may express both
God's faithfulness towards us and our trust in
him.

Write a line or two that you like
most in the Apostles’ Creed. Why?
Inspired by the Apostles’ creed,
write a short prayer as a sign of
what you believe in. [4 to 5 lines
only]

Reed lecture 2 midterm

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