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Earth Science
Lecture Outline #2: Earth’s
Oceans, Plate Tectonics and
Earth's Ocean Floor
The oceans of Earth
Earth’s Oceans
Views of the
Northern and
Southern
hemispheres
Plate Tectonics
Earth’s Tectonic Plates
Mesosaurus Fossil Remnants
Matching
Mountain
Ranges
Evidence of
Glaciation
Convection
Diverging Plates
Creation of a
New Ocean
Basin
Atlantic Ocean
following
Pangaea
Earth’s Diverging Boundaries
Africa’s Red Sea
Convergent Boundaries
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
Oceanic-Continental Convergence
Continental-Continental Convergence
Origin of the Himalaya’s
Transform
Faults
“Hot Spots”
200 million years ago
Ocean Floor
Echo sounder
Multibeam sonar
Mapping the ocean floor
Three major topographic units of the ocean
floor
• Continental margins
• Ocean basin floor
• Mid-ocean ridge
Continental Passive Margins
Continental Slope with Submarine
Canyons
Submarine Canyon
Abyssal (Deep Sea) Fans
Turbidity Current
Deep Ocean Trenches
Loihi
Seamounts and Guyots
Development of a
Coral Atoll
Bora Bora
Oceanic Ridge
Hydrothermal Vents
Mid Ocean Ridge
Major topographic divisions of
the North Atlantic Ocean
Ocean Floor Sediments
• Terrigenous Sediment
• Biogenous Sediments
• Hydrogenous Sediment
Turbidity currents
Features of a passive
continental margin
An active continental margin
Distribution of
marine sediments
End

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