1. Social Innovation Exchange_ Seoul
The‘ Popular’and‘Alternative’in dialogue NARESH V NARASIMHAN (SEPT-2013)

2. BANGALORE c.1990 2

3. GARDEN CITYTO SILICONVALLEY
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4. 1990’sBANGALORE
CITY LIMITS
4.0 Million
0.5 Million
280 km2
6.2 Million
1.4 Million
532 km2
9.6 Million
4.0 Million
851 km2
2000’s 2012
Source : Bangalore Traffic Police
Source : Census data, Karnataka
Source : Soft Mobility, Possibilities for the Indian Context, Seven High Street
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5. Source : Bangalore Traffic Police
1200 vehicles registered in the city daily
YEAR
1980 1985 1990 1995 19991997 2001 20072004 20101996 2000 20062003 20091998 2002 20082005 2011
TRAFFIC(MILLIONS)
1.5L
40L
EXPONENTIAL INCREASE
Growth rate over years
4.2Mil
0.15Mil
1200 vehicles registered in the city daily
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6. 4.2 Million vehicles in the city
3.7 Million vehicles are privately owned
People :Vehicle : : 3 :1 (for Bangalore City)
Source : Bangalore Traffic Police
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7. EXCESS MOTORISATION
AND ITS IMPACT ON
URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE
LOSS OF URBAN‘LIVING SPACE’
AIR POLLUTION
ACCIDENTS
Motorisation with poor
pedestrian facilities leads
to accidents.
NOISE
Transport is one of the main
sources of urban noise pollution.
VISUAL INTRUSION
Short sighted projects to‘improve’
infrastructure cause more harm than good.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Traffic congestion, pollution,
accidents and delays result in
significant direct and indirect
costs.
THE BIG PICTURE
Urban realm and motorisation impacts
MoreVehicles occupies more space
Increased vehicular traffic causes
environmental degradation and
increased health problems.
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8. Source : Bangalore Mirror, Un-Jam Bangalore
Average peak hour speeds reduced to 10-12km/hr
Congestion delay losses amounting USD 32 Million in the city/ year
240 man hours wasted in traffic/ year/ person
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9. Asthma rates increased by 10 times in the last 16 years
At 75km/hr, an automobile emits 6.4g of Carbon Monoxide/km; at 10km/hr, an automobile emits 33g of Carbon Monoxide/km
Source : Deccan Herald, April 2013
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10. MODAL SPLIT ONTHE INDIAN STREETS
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11. PrivateVehicles make up nearly 88% of motor vehicles on Bangalore’s Streets
Yet account for only 37% of the total trips in the city
Source : A study of the autorickshaw sector in Bangalore City, CiSTUP, Dec 2012
Source : Bangalore Traffic Police
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12. To counter growing numbers, nearly 400km of new roads planned at a cost of USD 600 Mil
4500 km of existing road length = 8.4% of city built up area
THIS FLYOVER WAS BUILT TO
CLEAN THE MESS MADE BY THE
LAST FLYOVER...THAT CLEANED
THE MESS OF THE LAST
FLYOVER...THAT CLEANED
THE MESS OF THE LAST
FLYOVER....THAT CLEANED..
Source: Bangalore Mobility Indicators, DULT 2008
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13. Large scale infrastructural costs associated with MassTransit Solutions
Source : Namma Bengaluru website
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14. • Unresolved measures to address last mile connectivity
• Insufficient frequency of services
• Lack of reliability
• Fixed origins, destinations, routes and stops
• Not integrated with other modes of transport
• Large infrastructural costs
• Existing PublicTransport inconvenient and crowded carrying 50% of the
commuting public
Popular‘ PUBLIC MODE‘of transportation_ is not the best alternative
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15. need for an IDEAL _ ALTERNATIVE to demotorise
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16. HAILTAXIS
TAXI
INTEGRATEDWITH OTHER MODES OFTRANSPORT
LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY
EASY MODE OF PAYMENT
SAFE, PROFESSIONAL, COMFORTABLE
SMART / INTEGRATED METHODS USEDTO LOCATE
TAXI STANDS AT 500 M
24 X 7 CONNECTIVITY
SHARED SYSTEM : PRIVATE MODE OF PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
New mode of public - private transportation
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17. THE CURRENT INDIAN POLITICAL SCENARIO
A culture of‘freebies’and subsidies at the central and state level
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18. The HailTaxi : A form of ‘Urban Freebies’?
SubsidisingTaxi’s as public transport
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19. TAXI
Mode-wise cost/ km/
vehicle in Bangalore
(USD)*
COMPARING MODES
Average Running
Distance covered per
day (km)**
200
215
120
0.01-0.06
0.27
0.16
Fare/km (USD)
0.02
0.16
0.10
*Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012
**Source : Bangalore Mobility Indicators 2008, DULT
Source : BMTC website
Source : ILFS, RITES report India / Managing Traffic Demand in Bangalore
25
26
0.11
0.03
Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012
Source : A Study of the Auto-Rickshaw sector in Bangalore city, CiSTUP, IISc, December 2012
Source : Bangalore Mobility Indicators 2008, DULT
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20. Comparing the HailTaxi and the 2 wheeler
Cost of using a HailTaxi is 25% cheaper than using a 2 wheeler
Monthly cost to operate (Including maintenance) = USD 45
Monthly cost to use = USD 34
Fare/ km = USD 0.07
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21. Total reduction in the number of private vehicles on the road is 2.9 Mil (total of 4.2 Mil)
Replaced by HailTaxis to cater to the existing number of daily trips in the city
2.3 Mil
0.6 Mil
CONVERTTO NEW
ALTERNATIVE MODE
Assuming 80% of 2 wheelers
transition to the HailTaxi
Assuming 80% of 4 wheelers
transition to the HailTaxi
TRANSITIONINGVEHICLESTOTHE HAILTAXI
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22. TAXI
TAXI
30TRIPS
IN A DAY**
1 60
PASSENGERS
SERVED
= =
Transportation demand management solution, rather than being a supply side solution
INTRODUCTION OF ~2,60,000 CABS CAN COVER NEARLY 42% OFTHE DAILYTRIPS IN BANGALORE CITY
Number of daily trips in Bangalore = 14.4 million*
* Bangalore’s per capital trip rate (PCTR) is 1.5; Population is 9.6 Mil. Daily trips in Bangalore City = 9.6X1.5 = 14.4 Mil
** Assuming a taxi can make 2 trips in an hour and serve 2 passengers per trip
0.13 Mil
Assuming all Autos are replaced
by HailTaxis
0.13 Mil
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23. DEMOTORISATION
Managing the traffic volume
TAXI
Vehicle (Mil) 0.5M 1M 1.5M 2.0M 2.5M
Source : De-motorising Bangalore
Source : PVK Group of Companies, Unlocking Bangalore
REDUCINGTRAFFIC NUMBERS USINGTHE HAILTAXI CAN BE
ACHIEVED BYTHE INTRODUCTION OF 2,60,000 HAILTAXIS ONTHE
STREETS
RESULTING IN NEARLY 2.8 MILLIONVEHICLES OFFTHE STREETS
Existing
Ideal
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24. YEAR
1980 1985 1990 1995 19991997 2001 20072004 20101996 2000 20062003 20091998 2002 20082005 2011
TRAFFIC(MILLIONS)
1.5L
UPON INTRODUCTION OFTHE HAILTAXIS
Expected decline in traffic
65% reduction in vehicular numbers on the roads
1.4 Mil
0.15Mil
4.2 Mil
Source : De-motorising Bangalore
Source : PVK Group of Companies, Unlocking Bangalore
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25. EXPECTED OUTCOMES DUETO DEMOTORISATION INTHE CITY
• Improved Air Quality and Public Health
• Road surfaces transformed into active public assets
• Road Narrowing scheme
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26. EXPECTED OUTCOMES DUETO DEMOTORISATION INTHE CITY
• Decrease in number of accidents
• Further reduction of vehicular traffic by introducing Bus RapidTransit System
• Investment in heavy infrastructure curtailed
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27. Detroit was the fifth largest city in 1950 with population of 1.9 Million people.
Source : Woodward Avenue Detroit 1917
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28. Detroit city in 2000 with population of 0.9 Million people.
Detroit Michigan 28

29. RICKSHAW DRIVERS
TRAINEDTO
BECOME HAILTAXI
DRIVERS
GUARANTEED
SALE OF 0.26MIL*
VEHICLES
ANNUALLY
ENVIRONMENTAL &
SOCIAL GAIN COSTS
LOSSES FROMTAX
REVENUES**=
PROTESTS FROM
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
PROTESTS FROM
AUTORICKSHAW
COMMUNITY
* Bangalore registered nearly 0.32 Million vehicles in 2012
** Projected State-wise total tax on vehicles in 2013-14 for Karnataka State is USD 600 Million
expected pitfalls
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30. “LIFE, SPACE, BUILDING - IN THAT ORDER”
Jan Gehl
NARESH V NARASIMHAN
naresh@metaform.in
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