Coping and Caring With Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Your Action Group In Action

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THE DEMENTIA TSUNAMI
Rotarians Providing a Clearinghouse of Information
on Cutting Edge Research and Family Support

Agenda
• Why Alzheimer’s disease as a focus?
• Organization of ADRAG
• Alzheimer’s basics and new findings
• How Rotary Members Can Help
Rotary-based Institutional Members (to-date):
• Coins for Alzheimer’s Research Trust – North Carolina
• Cure Alzheimer’s Fund – Boston, MA
• McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation – Perth AUS
• Rotarians Easing the Pain of Dementia – England
• Alzheimer’s Disease International

Alzheimer’s is a cruel disease.
• PERSON: it destroys one’s history, mind, memories,
sense of self, personal dignity and ultimately, life.
• FAMILIES: It creates the devastating pain of watching
a loved one deteriorate; financial and physical
burden of caretaking; potential health collapse of
caretaker and bankruptcy of family.
• SOCIETY: It decreases overall productivity of patients
and families lost to caregiving; potential to bankrupt
social service agencies (Medicare/Medicaid in US).

Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common
form of dementia in the elderly.
• Up to 80% of all Dementia is thought to be Alzheimer’s
Disease.
• Up to ~50% of people over age 85 have AD of some kind.
Approximately 12% of the persons over age 65 have Alzheimer’s
• Risk Factors:
• Current drugs (Aricept, Namenda, etc.) treat only the
symptoms.
• Age
• Family History
• Gender
• Head Injury
• Stress/Emotional
Trauma/Loneliness
• Stroke
• Lack of deep sleep/
Sleep Apnea

Disastrous Impact of Alzheimer’s
in the United States
• 6 million victims in the USA
• 3.5+ million deaths from Alzheimer’s in USA in past
10 years
• >13+ million family members impacted
• >15+ million unpaid caregivers
• Approximately 44,000,000 worldwide have
Alzheimer’s
>>100,000,000+ by 2040
6
Date source: Alzheimer’s Disease International

Alzheimer’s will disproportionately impact low
and middle income countries, which are unprepared
to deal with the onslaught of dementia.
7
Date source: Alzheimer’s Disease International
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
high income countries
low and middle
income countries
Numbers of people with dementia (millions

Alzheimer’s
Disease
Leading Causes of Death in Perspective

THE COST OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN U.S., 2015
Federal Government Costs for AD Care $171 billion
Total Medicare/Medicaid Budget $861 billion
NIH budget for AD research $600 million
9
In addition to the toll taken on families,
AD has a disastrous impact on Country Finances
GLOBALLY
Approximately 44 million people have Alzheimer’s/related Dementia.
Cost of Alzheimer’s and dementia estimated to be $605 billion
or 1% of the entire world’s gross domestic product.

What is the new Alzheimer’s/Dementia
Rotary Action Group, Inc.?
• Provide Rotarians updated information about medical
developments, especially advances in research, and how to
support them.
• Provide a forum for Rotary clubs to promote successful
activities at the local level that address any form of
dementia.
• Provide clubs that are looking to do something meaningful
in this area to search a list of current effective club
activities.
• Provide links to existing resources for patient’s families and
caregivers.
• Source of co-funding for Alzheimer’s/Dementia Research
10

CEO
Dave Clifton
Patient & Family
Support
Bill Parker
Communications &
Outreach
Greg Garofolo
Finance &
Administration
Dee Lander
Research
Coordination
Mike Curren
Strategic Planning
Committee
Board of Directors
• Club Liaison
• Project Generation
• Project Monitoring
• Web content for
P&FS
• Website
Management
• Social Media
• Club Communication
• Conferences
• Bank Account
• Accounting
• Foundation Finance
• Audit
• Systems & Reporting
• Grant Selection
• Grant Monitoring
• Science Web
Content
Alzheimer’s/Dementia Rotary Action Group
Science Advisory
Committee
Alzheimer’s/Dementia Rotary Action Group, Inc.
Co-chairs: Jeffrey Morby and David Clifton

Alzheimer’s/Dementia Rotary Action Group
• Approval by Rotary International: June, 2013
• Website: adrag.org
• Contribution information:
Minimum Contribution of $25.00
Online through the website or
Alzheimer's/Dementia Rotary Action Group, Inc.
c/o Edgartown National Bank – Dee Lander, Treasurer
P.O. Box 96, Edgartown, MA 02539

Fund research with the highest probability
of preventing, slowing or reversing
Alzheimer’s disease through venture-based
philanthropy.

“Plaques”
“Tangles”
Upon autopsy, Dr. Alzheimer described
seeing “Plaques and Tangles” in the brain.

• Amyloid-beta  Tangles & Nerve Cell Death
• Tangles Spread from nerve cell to nerve cell
• Brain inflammation is activated- kills many
more nerve cells!

Tangles/Neuronal Loss Inflammation
b-Amyloid Pathology
CD33
HLA-DRB5
HLA-DRB1
MAPT
GRN
CHMP2B
VCP
BIN1
SQSTM1
MS4A4A
MS4A6E
EPHA1
ABCA7
IGHV
CR1
APP
PSEN1
PSEN2
APOE
CLU
CD2AP
ATXN1
PICALM
SORL1
ADAM10
CD33
ACE
TREM2
TREM1
TREM2L
?
Features of AD Pathology and some Associated Genes

Taking Control of Alzheimer’s
Through Research—
The Roadmap to Therapies
17

Reducing Risk for Alzheimer’s
• PHYSICAL EXERCISE
• At least 10,000 steps/day • Resistance training
• HEALTHY DIET - Mediterranean diet: Fruits/veggies/nuts, olive
oil, less red meat, red wine.
• SUPPLEMENTS - Ashwagandha, cats claw
• SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT
• LEARN NEW THINGS - Better than brain games
• REDUCE EMOTIONAL STRESS and practice Meditation, Yoga
• GET EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP PER NIGHT
• Deep sleep consolidates memory: System back-up
• Deep sleep clears debris from brain: “Mental floss”

• In the 50 years since the discovery of the
Polio vaccine, 1.5 million lives have been
saved worldwide.
• If a cure for Alzheimer’s disease is found in
this decade, 100 million lives will be saved
over the next 50 years.
Come Join with us together
to fight this horrible disease
19

Introductions
Ms. Tiffany Ervin
Coins for Alzheimer’s Research Trust

Coins for Alzheimer’s Research
Trust (CART)
www.cartfund.org

• CART is in the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee,
Virginia and parts of Texas, Florida, Idaho,
Alabama, and Kentucky
•As of May 2015, 29 grants made totaling $5.2
Million
•CART Fund by-laws require that 100% of all
donated funds must go to AD Research
CART Today

CART Brings Leverage
• 1999 Dr. Allan Levey received $100 K
- Research allowed $7.2 Million NIH Grant and a $25
Million Private Foundation Grant
• 2001 Dr. Gary Landreth received $250 K
- Research allowed $1 Million NIH Grant
- Findings allowed $200 Million follow-on Grant from
GlaxoSmithKline for drug trials
• 2009 Dr. Harry LeVine received $250 K
- Research allowed $22 Million NIH Grant

2015 ROTARY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION

Who are we?
A network for Rotarians who believe that it
is time to take direct action within our own
communities to help support families who
are coping alone with dementia.

The plight of the Carer
Dementia impacts on so many lives!

Memory Cafes
• Drop in sessions for people with dementia
and their carers.
• Volunteers organise entertainment and
activities.
• Provides support for carers and the cared for.

The Memory Box
Reminiscence is a very powerful tool for people
with dementia.
Simple objects from the past can unlock
memories and inspire
a precious moment of clarity

Fidget Quilts
Simple, repetitive movements and sensory experiences become
very soothing for people with late stage dementia
Using material with a variety of textures and extra accessories,
fidget quilts provide comfort through the hands and eyes.

Lend a Hand!
!
Rotarians offer their expertise to
local families caring for a loved
one with dementia.
• Help around the house
• Gardening
• Shopping
• Taxi service
• Advice on form filling
• Sympathetic ear

Forget-Me-Not Garden Project
Rotary Clubs building community sensory gardens stocked with traditional
plants and garden tools.
Forget-Me-Not Gardens are designed to provide both a peaceful haven for
carers and cared for, but also a chance to relax and reminiscence

Rotary Club of
Market Harborough
Bridging the
Generations
Project
Pupils from Princes Risborough
College Interact Club at
Forget Me Not Café with
Past RIBI President John Minhinick

A Dementia Friendly Community
Voluntary groups, businesses, traders,
emergency services, schools, transport
workers, Doctors, community hospitals,
libraries, councillors and faith groups, all
working together to improve the quality of life
for people living with dementia in the
community

Johan Vos
Deputy Executive Director
Rotarian (Rotary Club of London)

About Alzheimer’s
Disease International (ADI)
• Established 1984
• The umbrella
organisation of
Alzheimer associations
around the world
• 84 member
associations
Aims to help establish and strengthen Alzheimer
associations throughout the world, and to raise global
awareness about Alzheimer's disease and all other
causes of dementia

30 years of ADI
Three decades of global collaboration
• ADI established in October 1984, grown from
4 to over 80 member associations

Strategic Plan
1. Making dementia a global public
health priority
2. Strengthening our member
associations
3. Raising awareness
4. Facilitating/encouraging research

Why global advocacy?
• Big societal problem: affecting people,
families and societies
• Care for today
• Cure for tomorrow

Estimated increase in dementia worldwide

Dementia worldwide
2013 2030 2050
Asia Pacific 22 40 72
Europe 11 15 21
The Americas 9 16 30
Africa 3 5 12
44 76 135

Dementia worldwide
US$604 billion in
2010
• Includes direct
medical costs,
direct non-
medical costs
and costs of
informal
(family) care

44
*Includes grants, contracts, and other funding mechanisms used across the National Institutes of Health.
**Includes heart disease ($1.38), coronary heart disease ($457M), cardiovascular disease ($2.14B), and stroke
($337M).
Sources: MetLife Foundation; National Institutes of Health
While AD Is the Second-Most Feared Health Condition
in the US, it Remains Poorly Funded
% People Who Fear it Most Annual Public Research Funding ($billions)*
AD AD

Advocate for dementia to be a global
health priority
• In consultative status with
UN since August 2012
• Member of NGO
committees on health,
mental health and ageing
• Testified at UN meetings in
New York and Geneva
• July 2014: review of NCD
Summit – need to make
clear steps to be taken to
include AD and dementia
United Nations

A report developed
jointly by
World Health
Organization
and
Alzheimer's Disease
International

Why dementia is a public health issue?
1. The world's population is ageing
The number of older persons has more than tripled since 1950; it will
almost triple again by 2050

2. High burden and daunting costs: A major
cause of disability in later life – accounting for
11.9% of years lived with disability
3. Extreme impact on caregivers, families, and
societies
4. Lack of awareness and understanding of
dementia at some level by all – often considered
normal part of ageing
Dementia: a public health issue

Increase in numbers of people with dementia, by
income group
And by region
• Asia (46%)
• Europe (31%)
• Americas (16%)
• Africa (7%)

Country preparedness for dementia
required
• Countries must include
dementia on their public
health agendas.
• Sustained action and
coordination is required
across multiple levels and
with all stakeholders – at
international, national,
regional and local levels.

Dementia: call for action
Dr Margaret Chan, Director-
General, WHO in the report's
foreword:
• I call upon all stakeholders to
make health and social care
systems informed and
responsive to this impending
threat.

Envoy and Council
• World Dementia Envoy:
Dr Dennis Gillings
(Quintiles)
• World Dementia Council
• Agenda:
1) Finance
2) Research collaboration
3) Regulation and trials
4) Sharing knowledge
5) Health and Care

Mobilising NGO community
Global Alzheimer’s and Dementia Action Alliance
• Formed as a response to G7
commitment to “enhance
global efforts to reduce
stigma, exclusion and fear”
• ADI secretariat
• Aimed at international NGOs
• Website:www.globaldementia
alliance.org
• 14 members now
• Launched at WHO World
Health Assembly in May 2014
• Meetings July 2014 and March
2015

ADI reports
• Update global prevalence,
incidence and cost data
• Will be launched at the
beginning of September
• Women and Dementia report in
June 2015
World Alzheimer Report 2015

World Alzheimer’s Month
• September is
World Alzheimer’s
Month
• 21 September is
World Alzheimer’s
Day
• International
campaign to raise
awareness
globally
• 2014 theme:
Dementia: Can we
reduce the risk?
www.alz.co.uk/world-alzheimers-month

• New WHO ADI factsheet
launched July 2014
• Reveals smoking can
increase dementia risk
by 45%
• 14% of dementia cases
around the world
potentially attributed to
tobacco
• Urges governments to
implement tobacco
control measures and
cessation services
Smoking and dementia
www.who.int/tobacco

Follow ADI on Twitter
https://twitter.com/alzdisint
Like us on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/alzheimersdi
seaseinternational
Visit our website
http://www.alz.co.uk/
Thank you!

TITLEDiagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease
Professor Ralph Martins AO

Emerging trends in AD statistics
 4.6 million new cases every year
 The number of people with dementia is expected
to double every 20 years - 81.1million patients
by 2040
 43% of cases need significant care (equivalent to a
nursing home)
Ronald Reagan
(actor/President)
Rita Hayworth (actress)
Lorinda Klaric Hazel Hawke

$406
$471
$540
$604
$615
$924
$1340
GDP (Billion USD)
$96.4 Billion
in direct costs related to medical
care (e.g. Hospital care, drugs, and
visits to clinics)
$255.7 Billion
in direct social care costs from
formal services outside of the
medical care system (e.g. Home
care and transport)
$251.9 Billion
in indirect costs (e.g. Unpaid care by
loved ones)
If Dementia were a Country, it would be the world’s
18th Largest Economy

Future trends in AD BURDEN
“any actual delay in the onset of dementia as a result, for example, of
dementia research and medical breakthroughs would have a dramatic
impact on the future number of cases and the real costs of dementia.”
– Access Economics 2005 Dementia Estimates and Projections -
Within two decades dementia will be the third greatest source of
health and residential aged care spending
– approximately 1% of GDP –
Spending on dementia will surpass any
other
health condition by the 2060s
Delay of Onset 2020 2040
5 Months $1.3 Billion $6.6 Billion
5 Years $13.5 Billion $67.5 Billion
Alzheimer’s Australia Access Economics report “Keeping dementia front of mind”, 2009

Alois Alzheimer Augusta D
Alzheimer’s Disease - Past

Congophilic Amyloid AngiopathyNeurofibrillary Tangles
Amyloid Plaque
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE – PATHOLOGY

ROTARY STRATEGIC PLAN | 65
Beta Amyloid Protein (Aβ)
DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIAT
Aβ 1-40
Aβ 1-42

Antibodies are made and bind beta amyloid in the blood promoting its
rapid degradation in the liver thereby facilitating greater e-flux of Beta
amyloid out of the brain (Peripheral sink effect)
A vaccine made
from Beta
Amyloid found
in the brain
plaques is
injected into the
mouse’s muscle

IMMUNISATION with Ab42
Schenk D, Barbour R, Dunn W, et al. (1999) Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates
Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature, 400: 173-177.
VaccinatedUnvaccinated
Sections of Mouse Brain

Normal Brain Alzheimer Brain
Brain - Gross Anatomy

Beta Amyloid
Changes in Hormone Levels:
Oestrogen, Testosterone, Luteinizing
Hormone, Insulin
Defective Genes: Mutations in
APP, PS1, PS2 < 3% of Cases
Lifestyle Factors:
High Fat Diet,
Lack of Exercise
Genetic Risk Factors: APOE
E4 > 50% of Cases
Responsible for >90% of all AD cases
Responsible for <3% of all AD cases
Interacts

Translating dementia research into practice
The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle
Flagship Study of Ageing
Study is conducted between Perth (40%) and Melbourne (60%)
CSIRO P-Health*
University of Melbourne*
Neurosciences Australia Ltd (NSA)*
Edith Cowan University (ECU)*
Mental Health Research Institute (MHRI)*
National Ageing Research Institute (NARI)
Austin Health
University of WA (UWA)
CogState Ltd.
Charles Gairdner Hospital radiology and nuclear medicine
*denotes signatories to the AIBL study contract

• Launched in November 2006; prospective longitudinal
study
• Aims to improve understanding of the causes and
diagnosis of AD, and help develop preventative strategies
Baseline 36 month 54 month 72 monthFollow-up: 18 month
Current Status
The AIBL Study

29%
64%
98%
HC MCI AD
PiB +ve or
“AD-like”
PiB - ve or
“HC-like”
29%
64%
98%
HC MCI AD
PiB +ve or
“AD-like”
PiB - ve or
“HC-like”
Significant differences between the three groups (p<0.001)
Percentage of PiB + volunteers

Healthy controls: ApoE ε4 differences
In the HC subgroup, 49% of HC ApoE4+ were PiB+ve, compared to
21% of the HC ApoE4-ve group.
PiB +ve or “AD-
like”
PiB -ve or “HC-
like”
ε4+ ε4-
49%
21%

PiB SUVR cut-point 1.5
3 year clinical progression
HC
(n=194)
6% 20% *
to MCI/AD to MCI/AD
Negative Ab Positive Ab
(n=134) (n=60)
Hazard Ratio 3.6 (OR 4)
*
MCI
(n=92)
7% 66% *
to AD to AD
Negative Ab Positive Ab
(n=28) (n=64)
Hazard Ratio 11 (OR 25)
*(p= 0.016) (p< 0.0001)
Corrected for age, gender, education

NeocorticalSUVRcb
HC
-
MCI
+
AD
MCI-
HC+
*
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Time (years)
Mean SUVR AD+
(2.33)
19.2 yr
(95%CI 17-23 yrs)
Mean SUVR HC-
(1.17)12.0 yr
(95%CI 10-15 yrs)
0 10 20 30 40
0.043 SUVR/yr
(95%CI 0.037-0.049 SUVR/yr)
The natural history of Ab deposition
in sporadic AD

610 research groups granted access to
AIBL@LONI through ADNI website
Includes access granted to the following companies:
Abbott Labs, Abiant, ADM diagnostics, Astra Zeneca, Avid, BioClinica, Biogen Idec, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cogstate
Cytokinetics, Eisai, Elan, Eli Lilly, GE Health Care, General Resonance, Genetech, Imorphics, Iris Biotechnologies, Janssen,
Johnson Johnson, M and M Scientific, Merck & Co, Mimvista, Pentara Corp, Pfizer, Philips, Predixion software, Rancho
Biosciences, Servier, Siemens, Soft team solutions, UCB, United Biosource Corp.
Canada
USA
Colombia
Mexico
Cuba
Argentina
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Poland
Algeria
Egypt
Bulgaria
Israel
Turkey
China
Taiwan
Japan
Hong Kong
Korea
Australia
New Zealand
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
UK
Ireland
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
India
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Iran

Correlation With Brain Amyloid
ApoJ
r2= 0.53
p<0.0001
r2= 0.48
p<0.0001
r2= 0.24
p<0.0001
Antithrombin III intensity (isoform B:Aß)apoJ intensity (isoform E:Aß)Serum amyloid P (isoform B)
Discovery/Qualification

Retinal amyloid fluorescence imaging
For Early Detection and Monitoring of Alzheimer’s Disease
Shaun Frost | PhD
15 July 2015
Nothing to Disclose
Funders: Janssen Research & Development, LLC and
NeuroVision Imaging, LLC
PREVENTATIVE HEALTH FLAGSHIP

Retinal amyloid fluorescence imaging
Masuda et al. Bioorg Med
Chem. 2011
Proprietary curcumin formulation with
scientifically tested and defined
chemical content and high-
bioavailability.
NeuroVision Imaging
Los Angeles, CA
Retinal amyloid fluorescence imaging | Shaun Frost

HC-
HC-
HC+
HC-
HC-
AD+
HC-
HC-
AD+
HC-
HC-
HC+
AD+
AD+
AD+
HC-
HC+
HC+
AD+
AD+
AD+
HC+
HC-
HC+
MCI+
MCI-
MCI+
HC+
HC+
MCI-
MCI-
MCI+
HC+
MCI+
MCI-
MCI+
MCI+
MCI+
HC+
R² = 0.586
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
RetinalAmyloidIndex
Brain Neocortical SUVR
p < 0.0001
Results
No False Negatives
Retinal amyloid fluorescence imaging | Shaun Frost

Lifestyle
Factors in
Alzheimer’s

Lifestyle Programme
Aim: Identification of lifestyle and
dietary modifications which prevent or
delay onset of AD

HC > AD*
Fortified Wine Capsicum
White Wine Lettuce
Red Wine Avocado
Light Beer Spinach
Other Spirits Broccoli
Vegemite Yoghurt
Tofu Muesli
Nuts
AD > HC*
Sausages Ice Cream
Ham Margarine
Meat Pies
Cornflakes
Bran flakes
Tinned Fruit
Chips
Full Cream Milk
*Student’s unpaired t-test, p<0.05
Controlling for BMI, country of birth, gender, age and APOE allele status.
Food and Beverage Consumption:
Classification Differences

Dietary patterns and Alzheimer’s disease

Constructed using an ‘a priori’
method
• High intake of fruit and vegetables
• Moderate to high fish intake
• Moderate to high cereal intake
• High unsaturated fatty acids
• Low saturated fatty acids
• Low to moderate dairy product intake
• Low meat and poultry intake
• Regular but moderate alcohol intake
Mediterranean Diet (MeDi)

Adherence to a healthy dietary
pattern is important for reducing
risk of cognitive decline
EXECUTIVE and VISUOSPATIAL
function strongly impacted
Influence of genotype

Proposed Combination Nutritional
Supplement Therapies (varying mechanisms of action)
Normal Pathway
Amyloidogenic Pathway
Ab40/42C99 (b-CTF)
sAPP-b
C83 (a-CTF)
sAPP-a
BACE
a-secretase
g-secretase
APP
N
C
Small Ab aggregates
(Oligomers)
Amyloid Plaques
EGCG
Pomegranate
Curcumin
Resveratrol
↓ Cognition
Lipoicacid
DHA

Physical activity data

General Benefits of Physical Activity
• Benefits of regular physical activity;
• Prevents cardiovascular disease
• Increases function and
independence
• Reduces body weight
• Alleviation of depression
• MAINTAINS A HEALTHY
BRAIN

Physical Activity and Brain Amyloid

Sex Hormone Levels and Ageing
Age Group
HormoneLevels
Luteinizing
Hormone
Testosterone
Oestrogen

Relationship between Testosterone and Plasma Aβ40 Levels

Androgen regulation of Ab accumulation
Testosterone treatment lowers
CSF Aβ levels in a castrated
Guinea pig Model
Wahjoepramono et al. (2008) J. Alz.
Disease.
subiculum
7 mo Sham 7 mo GDX +DHT7 mo GDX
Androgens regulate Ab accumulation in 3xTg-AD mice
Rosario et al. (2006) J
Neurosci

Aβ
TESTOSTERONE: Reducing Aβ load
Direct Effect on
Aβ production
Indirect Effect on
Aβ production
LH
Enhancing Aβ
Clearance
Insulin
Resistance
Neprilysin Activity

Guinea Pigs Fed a Green Tea or
Fish Oil Diet with High-Cholesterol
• 60 male GPs aged 8-10 wk (600 g)
placed on a high-cholesterol diet
+/- nutritional intervention for 8
weeks.
• Diets had the same
macronutrient composition and
cholesterol content (0.25%).
 Green Tea group
– 50 mg/Kg B.W. Polyphenon
60
– 20 mg/Kg B.W. Piperine
 Fish Oil group
– 50 mg/Kg B.W. DHA-
enriched fish oil.
– DHA content ~40%
Values are mean  SEM. Data was analysed with a one-way
ANOVA. * P < 0.05 vs. Control group, F(1,47) = 11.194,
p=.000
n=16n=19 n=19
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Control Green Tea Fish Oil
SerumCholesterol(mmol/L)
*

CSF and Brain Aβ40 Levels
0
5
10
15
20
25
Cortex Hippocampus Cerebellum
Aβ40ng/gramwet
tissue
n=13n=16 n=19
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
Control Green Tea Fish Oil
CSFAβ40(ng/ml)
Control Green tea Fish Oil
Values are mean  SEM. Data was analysed with a one-way ANOVA. * P < 0.05 vs. Control group
* *
*

200 PiB positive men,
Aged 60 years or over
Placebo
injection
+
Placebo capsule
(n=40)
Testosterone
injection
+
Placebo capsule
(n=80)
Testosterone
injection
+
DHA capsule
(n=80)
Testosterone + DHA Clinical Trial

Curcumin and Alzheimer’s disease
Turmeric Plants in
India
Turmeric
Roots
Fresh Turmeric
Root
• Curcumin, active ingredient of the Indian curry spice Turmeric.
• Curcumin has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent in the
prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.

• Crosses the blood brain barrier and inhibits the formation of
Aβ
oligomers and fibrils, binds Aβ plaques (Ono et al, 2006;
Park et
al, 2008; Yang et al, 2005).
• Epidemiological studies have suggested curcumin is
protective
against cognitive decline (Ng et al, 2006).
• Clinically safe; no adverse effects reported with doses of up
to
8000 mg/day (Baum et al, 2007; Benny et al, 2009).
Curcumin as “Curecumin”
Plaque burden ↓33% Beta amyloid levels ↓85%
Aged Tg2576 mice
with advanced
amyloid
accumulation, fed
curcumin for 6
months
(Yang et al, 2005).

Beta
Amyloid
Factors Promoting
Aβ Reduction
Recipe for lowering the
risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
A Nutritional Diet
Physical Activity
Mental Stimulation
Social Engagement
Hormone Therapy

World Alzheimer’s Month
• September is World
Alzheimer’s Month
• 21 September is
World Alzheimer’s
Day
• International
campaign to raise
awareness globally
• 2014 theme:
Dementia: Can we
reduce the risk?
www.alz.co.uk/world-alzheimers-month

Understanding Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s book
Chapters on diagnosis, genetics and modifiable
risk factors.
A description of the important roles of diet,
physical activity and mental exercise.
Current and potential future treatments for
Alzheimer’s disease.
Caring for someone with dementia

McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Team

Thank You
r.martins@ecu.edu.au
www.alzheimers.com.au

Telephone: 877-669-3239 Access Code: 665 253 262
McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation
Edith Cowan University
Sir James and Malcolm
McCusker

Coping and Caring With Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia: Your Action Group In Action

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