1. HIGH PERFORMANCE LEADERSHIP
Chapter 11
POSITIVE THINKING-
ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS
Complied By
:- RAVIRAJ A
HIRLEKAR
JIGNESH RATHOD
ASAWARI
DANDEKAR
CHINMAYA
SOMAN

2. GROUP MEMBERS
 RAVIRAJ HIRLEKAR 8047
 MOHSIN SHEIKH 8142
 MANDAR SURVE 8159
 CHINMAYA SOMAN 8031
 JIGNESH RATHOD 8156
 ASAWARI DANDEKAR8024

3. CONTENTS
• What is Positive thinking.
• What is attitude.
• Types of Attitude.
• Attitude and its Implications.
• Theories of Attitude.
• Whether change of Attitude is possible.
• How to develop a positive attitude.
• Positive Attitude and Health Management.
• What are Beliefs.
• Belief and Knowledge.
• Is Belief Voluntary.
• Limiting Beliefs.

4. WHAT IS POSITIVE THINKING?
 Positive thinking is a mental attitude that
admits into the mind thoughts, words and
images that are conductive to
growth, expansion and success.
 A positive mind anticipates
happiness, joy, health and a successful
outcome of every situation and action.

5. WHAT IS POSITIVE THINKING ????
 MENTAL ATTITUDE
 ANTICIPATE HAPPINESS
 HEALTH & JOY
 OUTCOME OF SITUATION

6. “The positive thinker
sees the
invisible, feels the
intangible, and
achieves the
impossible.”

7. WHAT IS ATTITUDE?
Attitude is a hypothetical construct that
represents an individual’s like or dislike for an
item. It can be positive, negative or neutral.
The Attitude You Bring To life
The difference between a school and life?
In school, you are taught a lesson and then give a test. In
life, you are given a test that teaches you a lesson
- Tom
Bodett

8. WHAT IS ATTITUDE ????
 HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS
 POSITIVE
 NEGATIVE
 NEUTRAL
The difference between a school and life?
In school, you are taught a lesson and then give a test. In
life, you are given a test that teaches you a lesson.

9. Job
Satisfaction
Job Involvement
Organisational
Commitment

11. FUNCTION OF ATTITUDE
 THE AJUSTMENT FUNCTION
 THE EGO DEFENSIVE FUNCTION
 THE VALUE EXPRESSIVE FUNCTION
 THE KNOWLEDGE FUNCTION

12. Attitude Attitude and
and Satisfaction
Productivity
Attitude and
Withdrawal
Symptoms
Attitudes - Implications

13. ATTITUDE AND PRODUCTIVITY
 The link between attitude and productivity is
not clear yet.
 Brayfeld and Crocket (1955) :- No relation
 Herzberg :- Positive ralation.

14. ATTITUDE AND SATISFACTION
 Job attitude and job satisfaction are closely
related.
 Positive attitude  Positive job satisfaction
 Negative attitude  Low satisfaction

15. ATTITUDE AND WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
 Employee satisfaction is inversely related
to absenteeism and turnover.
 The greater the job satisfaction is on the part
of an employee the less is the scope for
employee withdrawal behavior.

16. ATTITUDE CHANGE
Attitude can be change through
persuasion. Carl Hovland
view, we should understand
attitude change as a response
to communication

17. CHANGE IN THE FOCUS OF RECRUITMENT
While people were recruited for their skills
and expertise before exclusively, today
the major recruitment is one of attitude.
People today are recruited for the positive
attitude . Attitude is one which cannot be
hired from the shop. Hence, the mantra of
companies today is recruit the person for
attitude and develop the skills
subsequently.

18. DEVELOPING A POSITIVE ATTITUDE
The way you think, day-in-day
out, affects all aspects of yours life. Many
people have found that, when they tune into
their internal dialogue, much of it is negative
.Thoughts like, “I could never do that” and
“What if I fail?” can seriously impact the way
you behave. This , in turn, affects every
aspects of your life.

19. SLEEP MORE SOUNDLY
 Decrease mental activity in the evening
 Make preparations for the next day.
 Take a hot bath before bedtime to help relieve stress
 Soothing fragrances, lights, and music may help as
well.
 Limit activities in bed to sleep and sex only-no
reading or television watching.
 If you have trouble sleeping, try sleeping in another
area of the house.
 Try listening to repetitive soothing natural sounds
(waves, wind, waterfall, stream, etc.) from a selected
high quality sound device.

20. DEVELOP YOUR POSITIVE ATTITUDE!
1. Listen to internal dialogue.
2. Learn to communicate.
3. Get back to basics.
4. Help someone out.
5. Find your spiritually.
6. Allow yourself to be loved.
7. Allow yourself to laugh and find humor.
8. Participate in new physical and mental activities.
9. Follow the principles of holistic health
10. Remember that the mainstream media focuses on
information.
11. It is all about letting go of the “emotional baggage”

23. 1.
8. Intention 2.
Smile
Mindfulness
8 ways to
7.
create a 3.
Applied faith
positive Link to think
day.
6. 4.
Inspiration
Kindness 5.
Positive people

24. 8 WAYS TO CREATE A POSITIVE DAY.
1. Intention - Set your intention each morning to have a
positive day! Remember you choose your attitude!
2. Mindfulness - Keep your attention in the present moment.
3. Link to think -Pick something you do frequently (perhaps
making a phone call) and let that be a reminder to think a
positive thought.
4. Inspiration - Read and watch inspirational and
motivational material to lift your mood.
5. Positive people - Surround yourself with positive people.
They will help you stay focused on the positive.
6. Kindness - Be kind to yourself and those around you.
7. Applied faith - Trust that every situation has the seeds for
growth and opportunity.
8. Smile - Smile when you see others. Smile when you are
talking on the phone. A smile is contagious.

25. BALANCE THEORY
This theory was first developed by Fritz Heider.
1. Basically it is an interpersonal theory of
consistency.
• Unity formation and denial of unit of formation (+1,-1)
• Liking and disliking (+1,-1).
2. Balance exist when you like a person you are
associated with (+1 *+1), or dislike a person
you are not associated with (-1*-1).
3. Imbalance exits when you dislike a person you are
associated with (+1*-1) or like a person with whom
you are not associated with (-1*+1).
4. Imbalance is stressful and you will tend to change
one of the cognitive component.

26. DISSONANCE THEORY
1. This theory was proposed by Leon Festinger, and has
generated more research and controversy than any
other cognitive consistency theory because of its
ability to make non-obvious predictions.
2. Two cognitive elements can stand in relationship to
each other as consonant (one implies the other
), dissonant (one implies the opposite of the other) or
irrelevance (one has no implication for the other).
3. Dissonance is distressful and we seek to reduce it.
4. Magnitude of dissonance is a function of importance
of the items and number of cognitive elements
involved .
5. Dissonance can be reduced by changing the
behavioural element, attitudinal element, adding
cognitive elements , consonant with the behavioural
element and changing the importance of cognitive or
behavioural elements.

27. SELF- PERCEPTION THEORY
Self-perception theory is an account of attitude change developed
by psychologist, Daryl Bem.
Self-perception theory differs from cognitive dissonance theory in
that it does not hold that people experience a “negative drive state”
called “dissonance” which they seek to relieve.
Bem ran his own version of Festinger and carlsmith’s famous
cognitive dissonance experiment. Subjects listened to a tape of a
man enthusiastically describing a tendous peg-turning task.
Whether cognitive dissonance or self-perception is a more useful
theory is a topic of considerable controversy and a large and a
large body of literature, with no clear winner.
There are some circumstances where either theory is preferred, but
it is traditional to use the terminology of cognitive dissonance theory
by default.

28. BELIEFS

29. WHAT IS BELIEFS ?
 Belief is psychological state in which an
individual is convinced of the truth of a
proposition. Like the related concept of
truth, knowledge, and wisdom.
 The concept of belief presumes a subject
(the believer) and an object (the proposition).

30. Example of Subject & Object.
OBJECT
The Proposition
SUBJECT
The Believer

31. Belief and Knowledge.
False beliefs are not knowledge, even if the individual
believes them to be true: a sincere believer in the flat
earth theory does not know that the Earth is flat. Unknown
facts are not knowledge, because they are not known by
any individual; it is the belief element in a true belief that
makes the link between a state of affairs and an
individual. Unjustified true beliefs are lucky guesses, and
therefore not knowledge.
Example :-
Flat earth
theory
Before After
innovation innovatio
n

32. Is belief voluntary?
Most Philosophers hold the view that belief formation is to some
extent spontaneous an involuntary. Some people think that one can
choose to investigate and research a matter but that one cannot
choose to believe. On the other hand, most people have the
impression that in some cases people don’t believe things because
they don’t want to believe, especially about a matter in which they are
emotionally involved.

33. Limiting Beliefs
The term limiting belief is used for a belief that inhibits exploration of a wider
cognitive space than would otherwise be the case. Examples of limiting beliefs are
seen both in animals and people. These may be strongly held beliefs, or held
unconsciously, and are often tied in with self-image or perceptions about the world
Every day examples of limiting beliefs
• That one has specific capabilites, roles, or traits which cannot be
escaped or changed.
• That one cannot succeed so there is no point committing to
trying.
• That a particular opinion is right therefore there is no point
considering other viewpoints.