Updated SPK Jet Fuel Slides

1. Ramin Abhari, P.E.
Senior Process Engineer
Syntroleum Corporation
SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC
JET FUEL

2. A bright spot in
recent alternative
fuel news…

3. A-10 Thunderbolt synthetic fuel
flight; March 25, 2010

4. F/A-18 synthetic fuel
flight; April 28, 2010

5. C-17 synthetic fuel flight;
Oct. 22, 2007

6. B-52 synthetic fuel flight;
Sept. 26, 2006

7. What’s up with all the
synthetic fuel
flight tests?

8. DoD intends to catalyze commercial industry to
produce clean fuels for the military from secure
domestic resources using environmentally
sensitive process as a bridge to the future
- Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

9. By 2016, 50% of all fuel for the
continental U.S. fleet will be
purchased domestically from
alternate sources
- Air Force Policy Document 90-17

10. What is synthetic jet
fuel…and how is it made?

11. Same components as
petroleum jet fuel…
Petro Synthetics
”The good,
the bad,
and the
ugly!”
…except for the “bad” and the “ugly”

12. Two ways to
synthetic
paraffinic
jet fuel

13. 1. Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch
Carbon Feedstock:
Coal (~80% C)
Woody biomass (~50% C)
2 C + ½ O2 + H 2 O à Gasification:
CO + 2 H2 + CO2 Carbon to syngas
CO + 2 H2 + CO2 à Fischer-Tropsch:
–[CH2]n– + H2O + CO2 Syngas to n-paraffins
–[CH2]n– + H2 à Hydrocracking:
+–[CH(CH2)]n-m– n-paraffins to shorter
+ –[CH2]m– n- and iso-paraffins
Synthetic Jet Fuel to
Distillation and Shipping

14. 2. Hydroprocessing of Fats and Oils
Liquid Biomass Feed:
Fats/Oils/Greases
Algae oils
Hydrodeoxygenation:
C17H33COOH + 4 H2 à
Fatty acid/glycerides
C18H38 + H2O
to n-paraffins
Hydrocracking:
C18H38 + H2 à
n-paraffins to shorter
n-C9H20 + i-C9H20
n- and iso-paraffins
Synthetic Jet Fuel to
Distillation and Shipping

15. Same fuel from Weight % n-Paraffins
both processes 5163
C7-C9 C10-C13 C14-C16 C17-C19
3.0 7.8 1.7 0.063
4909 4.1 10.8 2.2 0.10
Hydro-processed Renewable
C10
C9 C11 Jet (HRJ or Bio-SPK)
C12
C13 5163 R-8
C8 C14
C7 C15 C16 C
17 C18 C19
Fischer Tropsch (FT or SPK)
4909 S-8
Time--> 5 10 15 20 25 30

16. Feedstock
Process
Synthetic
Jet Fuel
How does synthetic
jet fuel perform?

17. Three key performance
advantages

18. Emission Index (1E15 particles/kg fuel)
8 2. Lower Emissions
7
6
5
4 Idle
Cruise
3
2
1
0
JP-8 R-8 50/50 R-8
1. Lower Emissions

19. Synthetic
2. Better Low
Temperature
Performance

20. Fuel Description 15-Hr Mass
Accumulation (μg/cm2)
R-8 0.3
(Syntroleum Bio-SPK)
S-8 0.4
(Syntroleum FT SPK)
JP-8 3.0
3. Less carbon deposit in
fuel system

21. Oct. 2010
Dynamic Fuels LLC, Geismar, LA
Starts Up as First Supplier of Bio-SPK

22. June 2011
Bio-SPK Certified for Commercial
Aviation through ASTM D7566
Standard for Synthetic Jet Fuel

23. June 2011
Paris-Amsterdam Flight Makes
History as First Passenger Flight on
Biofuel

24. Nov. 2011
Alaska Airlines Flies First Set of
Domestic Flights on Bio-SPK

25. July 2012
USS Nimitz
“Great Green Fleet” US Navy
Exercises on Bio-SPK jet fuel and
Renewable Diesel

26. Summary
 Strong interest by military and
commercial purchasers
 Superior fuel properties
 Two processes, abundant feedstocks
 Domestic commercial production
capacity since 2010

27. Some of the Contributors
to the Success…