Presentation given for University of British Columbia Oct. 23, 2013 as part of Open Access Week. Presentation explores open practices throughout society including education with a special focus on what freedoms openness brings and who is using those freedoms.

1. Open Freedoms / Open Practices
with Paul Stacey
Associate Director of Global Learning
Creative Commons
Except where otherwise noted these materials
are licensed Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)

2. Open practices are being adopted
across many facets of society –
including education.
Open practices bring with them a
set of freedoms.
Who is using those freedoms?

3. Software is free software if
people who receive a copy of the
software have the following four
freedoms:
•The freedom to run the program for
any purpose.
•The freedom to study how the
program works, and change it to
make it do what you wish.
•The freedom to redistribute copies
so you can help your neighbor.
•The freedom to improve the
program, and release your
improvements (and modified
versions in general) to the public, so
that the whole community benefits.
Richard Stallman: Free Software and Your Freedom by Kenneth Pinto CC BY-NC

4. Free software is a matter of liberty, not price.
Think free speech, not free beer.
EFF Free Speech Icon CC BY
FREE BEER version 3.2, St Austell by mikael CC BY

5. From Free To Open
free by Gisela Giardino CC BY-SA
OPEN by Matt Katzenberger CC BY-NC-SA
• Social activism and freedom focus of the free software
movement did not appeal to most companies
• Rebranded as open source software to emphasize the
business potential of sharing and collaborating on
software code
• Definition of open source shifted from freedoms to
expressing the conditions that must be met for something
to be considered open source software

6. Openness in Education
What freedoms?
Open Access
Who is using those freedoms?

7. Public Domain Dedication
Licenses
Freedoms/Permissions

8. Openness in Government
http://www.opengovpartnership.org

9. In 2013 piloting five thematic working groups,
each co-led by at least one civil society
organization and at least one OGP
government:
1.Fiscal Openness – Led by the Global
Initiative on Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) and
the Governments of Brazil and Philippines.
2.Open Data - Led by the Global Open Data
Initiative (GODI) and the Government of
Canada.
3.Legislative Openness - Led by the National
Democratic Institute (NDI) and the
Government of Chile.
4.Access to Information - Led by the
Government of Mexico through the Federal
Institute for Access to Information and Data
Protection (IFAI) and the Alianza Regional
Por La Libre Expresión e Información
(Regional Alliance for Freedom of Expression
and Information).
5.Extractives - Led by Revenue Watch
Institute (RWI) and the Government of Ghana

10. •
•
•
Openly license education resources
Partnerships among creators teachers, publishers, ICT companies
New business models
http://www.openeducationeuropa.eu

11. http://www.thinkwales.ac.uk/pdf/OER%20Declaration%20of%20Intent%20-%20Sept%202013.pdf
•
•
•
•
Educational materials developed with public funds are made
available under open licenses
Promote and use OER to widen access to higher education for nontraditional learners
Introduce open educational practice into every part of the university
Establish universities and students as co-creators of OER materials
in an OEP environment

12. Open Policy
Public funds should
result in a public good.
http://creativecommons.org/weblog/page/2
•
•
9-Sep-2013 California Community Colleges Board of Governors
votes unanimously to require open licensing on publicly funded
materials resulting from all Chancellor’s Office contracts and grants.
With 72 districts and 112 colleges, the California Community
Colleges is the largest system of higher education in the world to
now require a CC BY license on its publicly funded grant materials.

13. TAACCCT
Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College & Career Training
•
•
•
Funded by the US Department of Labor
$2 billion over 4 years
All courseware openly licensed (CC BY)
http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/38818

18. Open Access
http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/NSERC-CRSNG/policies-politiques/Tri-OA-Policy-Politique-LA-Trois_eng.asp

19. Open Data Sharing
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018657
http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/10/scientists-threatenedbydemandstosharedata.html

20. Policy Complements Practice
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/OER_Policy_Registry

21. Open practices are being adopted
across many facets of society –
including education.
Freedoms being used by government,
organizations, institutions, faculty.
But why not students?

22. Compare with Free Culture
•
In the analog era writers, performers, publishers, and broadcasters
were the primary cultural producers. The digital era has placed tools
of creation in the hands of all users making everyone creators of
cultural work.
•
Free culture aims to ensure users control their own creative process
and actively create culture. Non-free culture is under the control of
someone else. Free culture liberates creative processes giving
individuals more control. Free culture empowers individual creation,
democratizes culture, and ensures we all have the freedom to create
and participate in culture.

24. http://openglam.org/
“Galleries, libraries, archives and museums have a fundamental role in supporting the
advance of humanity’s knowledge. They are the custodians of our cultural heritage and in
their collections they hold the record of humankind. The internet presents cultural heritage
institutions with an unprecedented opportunity to engage global audiences and make their
collections more discoverable and connected than ever, allowing users not only to enjoy the
riches of the world’s memory institutions, but also to contribute, participate and share. The
first step to make a collection open is to apply an open license, but that is where the story
begins. Openness to collaboration and to novel forms of user engagement are essential if
cultural heritage institutions are to realise the full potential of the internet for access,
innovation and digital scholarship.”
http://openglam.org/principles/

25. Commons-Based Peer Production
“In today’s society, individuals often collaborate
in producing cultural content, knowledge and
other information, as well as physical goods. In
some cases, these individuals share the results
and products, the means, methods and
experience gained from this collaboration as a
resource for further development; this
phenomenon is referred to as commons-based
peer production.”
Peter Troxler in Libraries of the Peer Production Era

26. Hatsune Miku – World’s First
Crowdsourced Celebrity
Futuristic-looking cartoon character
"born" in 2007 as a mascot for
Crypton Future Media's Hatsune
Maku synthetic voice software. Allows
users to make music with a synthetic
singer based on the voice of a
Japanese actress.
http://youtu.be/rL5YKZ9ecpg
Hatsune Miku is the first and most
famous virtual singer. Crypton
adopted a Creative Commons CC
BY-NC license. 1 million derivative
artworks produced, 100,000+ fanproduced songs, and over 170,000
YouTube videos. Performs live soldout shows (Hong Kong, LA, …) where
she sings fan-produced songs as a
3D image (looks 3D but is actually a
2D projection on a curved glass
screen).

27. Open StreetMap
1 million registered users, who collect data using GPS devices, aerial
photography, and other free sources. Data uploaded and used to generate
maps (CC BY-SA). Data made available under an open data license.
http://www.openstreetmap.org/

28. http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/293573191/open-goldberg-variations-setting-bach-free?ref=live

29. MuseScore
http://musescore.org/
Create, edit, playback,
and print musical
scores. Free open
source software.
http://musescore.com/
Publish and share
music scores on-line.
Option to open license.

30. India Biodiversity
http://indiabiodiversity.org/
http://indiabiodiversity.org/chart/show

31. Open Design
http://opendesignnow.org/

32. “The concepts of open
design – the
collaborative creation of
artefacts by a dispersed
group of otherwise
unrelated individuals –
and of individualized
production – the direct
digital manufacture of
goods at the point of use
– at first sound like
something from a
utopian science fiction
film. And yet, here we
are. We can now easily
download designs from
the internet, alter them at
will to suit our own needs
and then produce perfect
products at the push of a
button. Magic.” Paul
Atkinson

33. https://www.opendesk.cc/

36. http://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/

37. http://www.thingiverse.com
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:165198

38. Where are comparable education examples?
Why are students doing disposable
assignments* when they could be
co-creating a global public good?
Why not a commons-based
peer production model of education?
Open practices, and corresponding
freedoms have massive pedagogy potential!
*What is Open Pedagogy? http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/2975

39. “The air and oceans, the web of species, wilderness
and flowing water – all are part of the commons. So are
language and knowledge, sidewalks and public
squares, … Some parts of the commons are gifts of
nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some
are new, such as the Internet; others as ancient as soil
and calligraphy.”
more than a
Part 1: The Commons as a New Paradigm
Part 2: Capitalism, Enclosure and Resistance
Part 3: Commoning a Social Innovation of our Time
Part 4: Knowledge Commons for Social Change
Part 5: Envisioning a Commons-Based Policy and
Production Framework

40. http://www.shareable.net

41. “The goal of the Sharing City is to
create jobs and increase incomes,
address environmental issues, reduce
unnecessary consumption and waste,
and recover trust-based relationships
between people.
With more than 10 million people living
within 234 square miles, Seoul is in a
good position to demonstrate the
benefits of tech-enabled sharing.”
http://www.shareable.net/blog/is-seoul-the-next-great-sharing-city
“Shareable U. It’s part campus
sustainability, part new economics, part
DIY, and part open education. What
brings all these movements together on
campus is a desire to create more value
for less money via increased collaboration
between people, departments,
institutions, and communities.”
https://opensource.com/education/13/5/sharing-higher-ed

42. Paul Stacey
Q&A
Creative Commons
web site: http://creativecommons.org
e-mail: pstacey@creativecommons.org
blog: http://edtechfrontier.com
presentation slides: http://www.slideshare.net/Paul_Stacey