Ancient Egypt, Ch. 3, Stokstad, Art History, Fall 2013
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This document provides a timeline for ancient Egyptian history from 5000-332 BCE. It summarizes the major historical periods including the Predynastic, Early Dynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, and Late Egyptian periods. Key developments are outlined such as the first dynasties, important rulers like Khufu, Khafre, and Hatshepsut, the rise and fall of Akhenaten's monotheism, and artistic achievements spanning sculpture, architecture, and mummification.
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Ancient Egypt, Ch. 3, Stokstad, Art History, Fall 2013
- 2. ANCIENT EGYPT – TIME SEQUENCE Predynastic – 5000-2950 BCE Early Dynastic - 2950-2575 BCE Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Middle Kingdom - 1957-1640 BCE New Kingdom - 1630-1520 BCE Late Egyptian - 715-332 BCE
- 3. Predynastic – 5000-2950 BCE • Ceramic figurines • Decorated pottery • Ivory carved in relief • Stone plaques carved in relief • Wall paintings (found in mud brick houses at Hierakonpolis)
- 4. DYNASTIES AND MANETHO’S LIST • Chronological list of rulers compiled by Manetho, Egyptian priest/historian in 3rd century BCE • 30 dynasties confirmed by temple records, from 3000 to 332 BCE (when Alexander the Great conquered.)
- 5. RELIGION IN EGYPT - POLYTHEISTIC Ra (Ra-Atum) = sun god Tefnut & Shu = gods of wetness and dryness Geb (earth) and Nut (sky) Osiris (king) married sister, Isis; killed by brother, Seth. Nepthys & Isis pieced Osiris back together with Anubis’ (jackal) help. Isis birthed Horus (king of the earth; falcon-headed; defeated Seth) and Osiris became king of the dead. • Kings=divine • Ensure gods’ favor • Ordered cosmos/ Afterlife
- 6. Early Dynastic - 2950-2575 BCE Narmer Palette, 2950-2775 BCE. Green schist, height 25”.
- 7. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Canon of Proportions – male body 18 units 1 unit =width of fist Grid Twisted perspective Groundlines
- 8. Early Dynastic From “mastaba” to “pyramid”
- 9. Early Dynastic Stepped Pyramid of Djoser (2630-2575 BCE) , 204’ high
- 10. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Great Pyramids at Giza (2575-2450 BCE) http://www.airpano.com/360Degree-VirtualTour.php?3D=Egypt-Cairo-P Yramids Giza Plateau follows the sun’s east-west course.
- 11. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE
- 12. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Khufu: oldest/largest pyramid (13 acre base!), 481’ high 2.3 million Blocks of Stone…2.5 tons each block!
- 13. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Khafre - Great Sphinx, 65’
- 14. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE SCULPTURE • Block-like/solid/compact • Diorite Khafre, in the Valley Temple of Khafre at Giza. (Ruled 2520- 2494 BCE).
- 15. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Menkaure and a Queen, Giza (ruled 2490-2472 BCE)
- 16. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Seated Scribe, 2450-2325 BCE Writing: • Hieroglyphic • Hieratic -simplified • Demotic – 8th century BCE • Religious: hieratic • Monuments: hieroglyph • All else: demotic • Coptic (Greeks 332 BCE) • Rosetta Stone 196 BCE, discovered in 1818
- 17. Old Kingdom - 2575-2150 BCE Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt, Tomb of Ti, Saqqara. 2450-2325 BCE. 45”
- 18. Middle Kingdom - 1957-1640 BCE Head of Senusret III, Twelfth Dynasty (2938-1755 BCE). • 150 years of unrest until 11th dynasty (3 successive kings named Mentuhotep); reunited. • Powerful, unified government • Arts flourished • Military expansion • Rock-cut tombs (solid/painted) • Faience (glass paste; glossy finish)
- 19. Middle Kingdom - 1957-1640 BCE Beni Hasan, 1938- 1755 BCE, Twelfth Dynasty.
- 20. Middle Kingdom - 1957-1640 BCE • Well-observed accurate detail • Faience: glass paste fired to produce shiny, smooth, opaque finish • Glass: sand +lime + sodium carbonate (or sodium sulfate), fired Hippopotamus, Tomb of Senbi (Tomb B.3), Meir. Twelfth Dynasty, 1938-1755 BCE. Faience, 20 cm long. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
- 21. Middle Kingdom - 1957-1640 BCE Stele of Amenemhat I, Assasif. Twelfth Dynasty, 1938-1755 BCE. Painted
- 22. New Kingdom - 1539-1075 BCE • Hyksos invasion; 18th Dynasty regains control • Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BCE, 18th dynasty, (first to use the term “pharoah”, which means “great house.” ) • 15 military campaigns/diplomacy • Great Temple Complexes along Nile River • Pylon – tapered wall gateway • Hypostyle hall – vast hall with columns • Peristyle court – courtyard surrounded by columns
- 24. GREAT TEMPLE OF AMUN AT KARNAK
- 25. HYPOSTYLE HALL – GREAT TEMPLE OF AMUN AT KARNAK – 1290-1190 BCE
- 26. FUNERARY TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT – 1473- 1458 BCE
- 27. HATSHEPSUT ENTHRONED, 18TH DYNASTY -Queen Ahmose and god Amun -Regent for Thutmose III; kept him from rule for 20 years -Funerary Temple at Deir el-Bahri – buried in Valley of kings, though, Northwest half a mile…
- 28. AKENHATEN, COLOSSAL FIGURE • 1353 BCE – ascended the throne (18th Dynasty) • 17 year reign • NEW RELIGION – honoring the sun- god, Aten • “maat” divine truth “One who is effective on behalf of Aten” - 1348 BCE • New capital : not Thebes, but Akhetaten (Tell el-Amarna) • AMARNA PERIOD ART: glassmaking, sculpture, etc.
- 29. NEFERTITI – 1353-1336 BCE
- 30. AKHENATEN AND HIS FAMILY – 1353-1336 BCE
- 31. QUEEN TIY (AKHENATEN’S MOTHER) – 1342 BCE
- 32. TUTANKHAMUN’S SARCOPHAGUS – 1332-1322 BCE
- 33. TEMPLE OF RAMESES II AT ABU SIMBEL – 1279-1213 BCE
- 34. Late Egyptian - 715-332 BCE Mummy Wrapping of a Young Boy, 100-120 CE : linen wrappings with giled stucco buttons and inserted portrait in encaustic on wood. 53 3/8”