Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system
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Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system, presented by Luc-Andre Gregoire
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Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system
- 1. www.opal-rt.com Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system Presented by Luc-AndrƩ GrƩgoire International Conference on Industrial Technology March 17th-19th, 2015
- 2. 2 Outline 2 - Presentation of real-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 3. 3 Presentation of real-time simulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Pure Simulation Controller Plant IOs
- 4. 4 Presentation of real-time simulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Controller Plant IOs Real-time simulation
- 5. 5 Presentation of real-time simulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Rapid Controller Prototyping (RCP) IOs Controller Plant IOs Controller Plant IOs Real-time simulation
- 6. 6 Presentation of real-time simulation 6 How many type of real-time simulation exist? IOs Controller Plant IOs Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL)
- 7. 7 Presentation of real-time simulation 7 How many type of real-time simulation exist? IOs Controller Plant IOs Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Controller Plant Real-plant Power amplifier Power signals IOs IOs Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL)
- 8. 8 Presentation of real-time simulation 8 How does real-time simulation work?
- 9. 9 Presentation of real-time simulation 9 How does real-time simulation work? š = š“š + šµš š = š¶š + š·š š š = š“š šā1 + š¹š š šš = šš šā1 + šš š ššš¢šš”šššš š ššš£šš šš¦ š šš š§ = š š š
- 10. 10 Presentation of real-time simulation 10 How does real-time simulation work?
- 11. 11 Presentation of real-time simulation 11 How does real-time simulation work?
- 12. 12 Presentation of real-time simulation 12 How does real-time simulation work?
- 13. 13 Presentation of real-time simulation 13 How does real-time simulation work?
- 14. 14 Presentation of real-time simulation 14 How does real-time simulation work?
- 15. 15 Presentation of real-time simulation 15 How does real-time simulation work?
- 16. 16 Presentation of real-time simulation 16 How does real-time simulation work? š š š š š š = š“ š 0 0 š“ š š š š_1 š š š_1 + šµš 0 0 šµ š š š š š š š š š š š š š = š“ š š“ šš š“ šš š“ š š š š_1 š š š_1 + šµš šµ šš šµ šš šµ š š š š š š š
- 17. 17 Outline 17 - Presentation of real-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 18. 18 Large power system simulation technique 18 ā¢ Specialized software ā¢ ARTEMiS ā¢ SSN ā¢ Traditional method ā¢ Distributed parameter line ā¢ Stubline ā¢ Voltage/Current source
- 19. 19 Large power system simulation technique 19 ā¢ Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 20. 20 Large power system simulation technique 20 ā¢ Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 21. 21 Large power system simulation technique 21 ā¢ Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 22. 22 Large power system simulation technique 22 ā¢ Stubline
- 23. 23 Large power system simulation technique 23 ā¢ Stubline š¶ = šš 2 šæ Ts
- 24. 24 Large power system simulation technique 24 ā¢ Stubline Ts šæ = šš 2 š¶ Ts
- 25. 25 Large power system simulation technique 25 ā¢ Voltage/Current source
- 26. 26 Large power system simulation technique 26 ā¢ Voltage/Current source
- 27. 27 Outline 27 - Presentation of real-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 28. 28 Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation 28 ā¢ Distributed parameter line (DPL) 1 km šš = 50 Ć 10ā6 šš = 500 Ć 10ā9
- 29. 2929 ā¢ Stubline š¶ = šš 2 šæ Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 2.18 ĀµF 0.0025 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 2.18 ĀµF 0.25 šš = 50 Ć 10ā6
- 30. 3030 ā¢ Stubline š¶ = šš 2 šæ Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 2.18 ĀµF 0.0025 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 2.18 ĀµF 0.25 SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 87.27 nF 0.00001 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 87.27 nF 0.01 šš = 10 Ć 10ā6
- 31. 3131 Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation
- 32. 32 Outline 32 - Presentation of real-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 34. 3434 Distributed simulation approach 1 2 3 1 2 3 Pure and RT simulation application
- 35. 3535 Distributed simulation approach 1 2 3 1 2 3 HIL application
- 36. 3636 Distributed simulation approach RCP simulation application
Hinweis der Redaktion
- In this presentation Iāll identify difference between microgrid and large network. Also the different application of RTS in microgrid application.
- 1- Using RTS alone with both controller and plant simulated is pure simulation and not RT simulation.
- 2- If IO are used to communicate between controller and plant then it is RT simulation
- 3- When real-plant is available, RTS can be used to iterate different command law (very expensive DSP)
- 1- Once youāve bought a small DSP and implemented your controller, plant can be simulated for various test (see what happen for a 40kVdc phase-phase fault not safe for lab test) 2- HIL can also be used to test some hardware using power amplifier.
- 1- Once youāve bought a small DSP and implemented your controller, plant can be simulated for various test (see what happen for a 40kVdc phase-phase fault not safe for lab test) 2- HIL can also be used to test some hardware using power amplifier.
- First you find equations to be solved and then you discretize them. Using fixed-step solver
- First you find equations to be solved and then you discretize them. Using fixed-step solver
- Fixed-step solvers are used since the model need to be synchronized with real world. 1- read input 2- solve model 3- output results
- If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- Using decoupling method, equations can be decoupled and solved in parallel. Allowing to keep a smaller time-step. We need to go from 1st matrix to the 2nd
- Using decoupling method, equations can be decoupled and solved in parallel. Allowing to keep a smaller time-step. We need to go from 1st matrix to the 2nd
- Specialized software, with proprietary methods can be used Literature also refers to more open technique
- Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50Āµs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50Āµs is ok.
- Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50Āµs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50Āµs is ok.
- Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50Āµs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50Āµs is ok.
- Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- When a large state is available, like a DC capacitor. If DC voltage is constant over 1 time-step, it can be decoupled. Each converter has a controlled voltage source, and the value is obtained by injecting each dc current in a capacitor
- When a large state is available, like a DC capacitor. If DC voltage is constant over 1 time-step, it can be decoupled. Each converter has a controlled voltage source, and the value is obtained by injecting each dc current in a capacitor
- Now instead of 50Āµs, Ts has to be around 500ns. Also generation is much small machine, therefore the inertia is much smaller too. Basically dynamics of smart-grid are much faster, requiring smaller time-step.
- In the case of STUBLINE, at 50Āµs, for a 0.1pu of impedance, gives a capacitor of 0.0025pu. Less than 1% losses so it is negligible at 50Hz. At 5kHz, it becomes 0.25pu which greatly impact results This can be all solved by reducing the time-step.
- In the case of STUBLINE, at 50Āµs, for a 0.1pu of impedance, gives a capacitor of 0.0025pu. Less than 1% losses so it is negligible at 50Hz. At 5kHz, it becomes 0.25pu which greatly impact results This can be all solved by reducing the time-step.
- 1- Many RTS use different technology for IO and for computation 2- During input/ouput, conditionning can be done. Filtering, pulse generation 3- To some extend, the whole model could be done on FPGA reducing time step and therefore losses and latency 4- CPU can be used for slower computation, like a controller at 50Āµs while FPGA is running much faster
- Taking the different structure of microgrid: Ring Radial Mesh Regrouping some part of the model, it could then be distributed over different RTS. This can be achieved if High speed link are available Small time-step of simulation
- When flexible RTS are used, they can be used for different part of the project. 1- can be used for pure simulation and RT-simulation 2- Removing the CTRL from RTS, can be interfaced with external controller
- When flexible RTS are used, they can be used for different part of the project. 1- can be used for pure simulation and RT-simulation 2- Removing the CTRL from RTS, can be interfaced with external controller
- RCP simulation can be achieved if the microgrid is available in the lab. Even a mix between RPC, PHIL, etcā¦
- Some part of the circuit can be simulated, some can be real, interfaced with power amplifier