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Presentation bt cotton study tour nov2011 1
- 1. By G.K Nzuva Chairman, Central Agricultural Board 14 18 14-18 November 2011
- 2. Purpose and objectives of the Tour Purpose To share lessons and experiences and expose participants to the commercialization process of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso‐ the 2nd country to adopt Bt cotton in Africa Objectives To expose participants to responsible and safe use of the technology throughout its life cycle To expose participants to Burkina Faso’s regulatory system and g government policy on biotechnology p y gy To enlighten participants about the commercialization process of Bt cotton in Burkina Faso To share lessons and experiences
- 3. Organization of the tour The study was organized, facilitated and conducted by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri‐ biotech Applications (ISAAA ) in collaboration with local institutions in Burkina Faso Sponsors: ACTESA/COMESA and the Program for Biosafety Systems (PBS) Bi f S (PBS) The scope of the tour : ‐ tours to farmers fields ‐ workshop deliberations k h d lib ti ‐ visit to seed multiplication centre ‐ media interviews
- 4. Tour participants The tour involved about 30 participants drawn from the Th i l d b i i d f h following countries Northern Sudan Ethiopia Uganda Kenya Malawi Zambia a ba Zimbabwe Burkina Faso (hosts) ( ) The above countries are at different levels of considering introduction and adoption of Bt cotton
- 5. Background Information‐ Burkina‐ 1 • Burkina Faso is a land locked Francophone country in West Africa • Area :274, 000 square KM • Population:15.7 million p 57 people • Density:57 people per square KM • Most of the country is ASAL Regions for the study were with one rainfall season ‐ Ouagadougou ‐ Boni from May to October ‐ Bobo
- 6. Background Information‐ Burkina ‐2 g • A Average rainfall is about 700mm per year with a range of i f ll i b i h f 400‐1200mm • The country is divided into 13 administrative regions and 45 provinces. • Cotton is the most important crop (white gold) representing 60% of the country’s export earnings • Other crops include‐ sorghum, maize, groundnuts, p peanut, millet, cowpeas, sim sim, fruits and vegetables p g
- 7. What led to adoption of Bt cotton‐ Burkina Faso Experience 1 Experience‐1 According to Institute of Environment and Agricultural A di I i f E i d A i l l Research (INERA) Cotton is the 2nd most important export crop in the country Over 2.2 million people earn livelihoods from cotton p p Cotton bollworm can cause up to 90% yield losses Bollworms feed on leaves and cotton bolls The larvae stage of the bollworm is the most destructive
- 8. Life Cycle of the Bollworm Adult Eggs Cycle cycle : 25–30 days y y y Larvae Pupa
- 9. What led to adoption of Bt cotton‐ Burkina Faso Experience‐2 Experience 2 Other destructive insects include stainers and jassids In 1980s and 90s there was continuous use of pesticides such as organophosphates, carbonates, pyrethroids such as organophosphates carbonates pyrethroids and neocotinides The continuous use over 10 years led to serious insect resistance As a result national loss of income from cotton was to A lt ti l l f i f tt t the tune of US$ 500 million and solutions had to be found
- 10. Process of introducing Bt cotton Introduction of Bt cotton was in the country’ s strategic plan since 1992 Various stakeholders including input suppliers, oil millers, scientists/researchers, regulators policy , , g p y makers, NGOs and Monsanto among others were engaged g g Application to introduce Bt cotton was submitted to the biosafety authorities in 2003
- 11. Process of introducing Bt cotton Bt cotton was introduced for trials in June 2003 after J 3 approval by biosafety authorities In 2003 and 2004 research was conducted using American varieties of the Bt cotton Due to fear of unknown physical barriers were erected D t f f k h i l b i t d around trials People believed in myths about bt cotton(Barrenness, animals to dying for feeding on cotton leaves…)
- 12. Bt cotton confinement site in 2003 Essai Bt Trappe à pollen = T ll Allée (2 m) Bande In 2004 barriers were removed after continuous education and sensitization de 15 m conv.
- 13. Process of introducing Bt cotton In 2006 Bt gene was inserted into the local varieties grown y by farmers in Burkina Faso In 2007‐ demonstration trials were undertaken on farmers fields farmers’ fields Compliance with biosafety‐ trials were conducted in compliance with national biosafety guidelines. Residues li i h i l bi f id li R id were harvested and burnt under supervision of legal experts In 2008‐8500 hectares of Bollgard II were planted for seed p production In 2009‐ farmers planted 128, 000 hectares In 2010‐ In 2010 farmers planted 278 000 hectares (117% ↑from 2009)
- 14. How production of Bt cotton is supported SOFITEX‐Largest ( quasi government cotton company ) SOFITEX provides farmers with seeds, fertilizers, SOFITEX provides farmers with seeds fertilizers agrochemicals and other inputs through arrangements with financial institutions ith fi i l i tit ti SOFITEX buys cotton from farmers and pays them after recovering production costs Faso cotton and Socoma Faso cotton and Socoma‐ are other companies which have been bulking seeds for farmers, providing inputs and buying cotton BENEFIT SHARING RATIOS‐ Farmers receive 60% of the benefits, Monsanto 28% and research and seed benefits Monsanto 28% and research and seed companies get 12%
- 15. What scientists in Burkina Faso have found Adoption of Bt cotton has increased yields by 12.5%‐ 23% cotton has increased yields by 12.5% Positive impact on biodiversity‐ non‐target pests are more prevalent in Bt cotton than conventional fields Gene flow cannot go beyond 25 metres After trials and commercialization in 2007, 2008, 2009 Af i l d i li i i 8 and 2010 efficacy and strength of the gene on the Bollworm is evident B ll i id t
- 16. What scientists in Burkina Faso have found INERA is currently doing post commercialization research on Effects of non‐target organisms on production (such as Eff t f t t i d ti ( h stainers and jassids) Effects of Bt toxins on non‐target organisms such as rats, Eff f B i i h bees, termites, mosquitoes etc RESULTS Bees in Bt cotton fields produce more honey than those in conventional fields Bt cotton cake feed to rats recorded no toxicity at y 3000Mg/kg The quantity of oil extracted from Bt cotton and conventional is the same
- 17. Research on Bees and honey production by INERA Bee hive Bee hive imported from Kenya
- 18. • Participants visited farms in Boni on the way to Bobo and within Bobo‐Dioulasso in Western BF(the major cotton production (h d zone) • Participants interviewed 5 farmers and interacted with about 20 farmers in total
- 20. According to farmers Price for Bt cotton seed is 27,000 CFA (US$ 59) per 59 p hectare while conventional cotton is priced at 4889 CFA (US$11) Farmers sell a kilogram of g cotton at 245 CFA (US$ 0.50) Market prices are determined p by farmer organizations and seed companies including p g SOFITEX
- 21. Benefits of Bt cotton‐ Farmers’ perspective The yields of Bt cotton averages 1.3‐1.5 tonnes per hectare while conventional yields 0.5 tons/hectare y 5 Even with late planting and years of acute drought, Bt cotton yields are good y g Farmers that have planted Bt cotton do not experience flower fall in early stages of the crop Farmers get disappointed when there is a shortage of Bt cotton seeds Bt cotton is sprayed 2 times in a season compared to 6‐8 sprays for conventional cotton Time gain invested in for conventional cotton‐Time gain invested in growing other crops‐according to farmers, less exposure to chemicals, translates in better health to chemicals translates in better health
- 22. Comparison of Conventional cotton and Bt cotton farm in BONI Burkina Fas0 Conventional cotton Bt cotton
- 23. Bt cotton is less labour intensive
- 24. Bt cotton reduces health risks associated with spraying
- 25. Participants interaction with farmers growing Bt cotto cotton in Boni a d obo o and Bobo
- 26. Visit to Bt cotton farms and interaction with farmers Farmers prepare land using oxen and tractors Farmers have planted conventional cotton for many years On average farmers plant between 3‐30 g hectares of cotton Size of family land ranges from 10‐150 hectares Farmers allocate 60% of the farm under cotton and 40% under various crops Majority of farmers have planted Bt cotton for 2‐3 years The yield of Bt cotton is on average 1300 cotton is on average 1300‐ 1500 kg/hectare while conventional on average yields 500kg/hectare Even with late planting and years of acute drought, yields are good
- 28. Interviews with farmers in Bobo Growing conventional cotton is labour intensive 6-8 sprays in a season 6 8
- 29. How farmers utilize income from Bt cotton Education for children Purchase of oxen P h f Buying of inputs such as fertilizers for other crops y g p p like maize Purchase of tractors for farmers with higher acreages Purchase of beef cattle for fattening P h f b f ttl f f tt i Investment in motor bikes :major form of transport in the country
- 31. Implications for Kenya as move towards commercialization of Bt commercialization of Bt cotton The need for good stewardship programmes to manage issues such as gene flow The status of other pests as we manage the bollworm ? Role of ginneries who buy cotton from everywhere across the cotton belts and also import from outside the country? Efficient seed production and delivery systems are crucial Effi i t d d ti d d li t i l Agricultural credit arrangements necessary to support adoption d i The cost of Bt cotton seed is relatively high and this needs to be addressed early enough
- 32. Take home messages Bt cotton technology can have a tremendous impact on household incomes and p poverty alleviation if y introduced and managed p responsibly y Countries that wish to adop adopt Bt cotton should co o s ou d consider local situations and make such programmes homegrown
- 33. Merci