it is an assignment on project management including the budgeting planning and scheduling the project on the three georges dam

1. Three Gorges Dam Project
Brief Introduction
"Three Gorges Dam Project" is the short term
for the water control project on Yangtze
River. It is located in the middle section of
Xiling Gorge near Sandouping Town in
Yichang City, Hubei Province. Being the
world's largest hydropower project, this dam
has created many "Firsts" such as the most
efficient dam in flood control, the most
difficult construction work and the largest
migration project in the world.

2. Schedule ofThree Gorges Dam Project
The total duration of the Three Gorges Dam Project will last 17 years, which is divided into three
stages.
Project Timetable:
5 years (1993 -- 1997) Preparation period and first stage construction.
6 years (1998 -- 2003) Second stage construction
7 years (2003 -- 2009) Third stage construction
The dam projectiscomposedof the dam, the hydropowerstationsandthe navigationfacility.It
measures607 feettall andthe top is3,319 yardswide.Ithas taken17 yearsto finishthe constructionof
the whole project,whichstartedin1992 and includesthree stages.
The firststage tookfive yearsfrom1992 to 1997. Duringthisperiod,the cofferdamconstructionand
the excavationof a diversionchannel inthe firststage were finished.Meanwhile,atemporaryshiplock
on the leftbankof the riverandsome preparationworkwasalsocompleted.The secondstage lastedsix
yearsfrom 1998 to 2003, whenthe cofferdamconstructionwasinitssecondstage and wasundertaken
at the same time asthe constructionof the permanentshiplockandthe navigationbuildings.The
powerstationfacilitiesconstructionandthe installationof machineryonthe leftbankwere also
completed.The thirdstage of the projectbeganin2003 and hasbeen completedin2009. Duringthis
period,the installationof all machinery,the constructionof the powerstationandthe damonthe right
bankare finished.Now,a3,861 square milescanyon-reservoirdamispresentedtothe world.

3. Project Stages:-
At the first stage, some preparation work was done. In 1994, the project was formally put into
execution. It mainly dealt with filling the cofferdam and excavating the open diversion channel
in the first stage construction pit. At the same time, on the left bank of the river including
completion of a temporary ship lock. The river water and shipping still went through the main
river way. In 1997, the successful damming of the Yangtze River attracted lots of tourists at
home and from abroad.
The main tasks of the second stage are to construct the second stage cofferdam on both upstream
and downstream, electricity station facilities on the left dam and machine installation.
Meanwhile, the permanent navigation buildings would be finished on the left bank. During the
second period, the river water flows through the open diversion channel and the shipping goes
through either the open diversion channel or the temporary ship lock. On Nov. 6 2002, we
received exciting news that the damming of the open diversion channel of the Three Gorges Dam
Project was successfully completed. This is the good news to the world. While enjoying the
pleasure, many people worry this project will bring trouble to the tourism on the Yangtze River.
Fact is that the worry is unnecessary. Because the second damming improved the Xiangxi sea-
route, which diversifies the three gorges’ travel routes, the 600km long waterway from Yichang
to Chongqing will be improved, making it possible for 10,000 tons of fleet to sail directly
upstream to Chongqing. The tourism will take on a new look after the second stage. Yichang city
will still hold the Yangtze River Three Gorges International Tourism Festival. The festival aims
to highlight Yichang's brilliant ancient cultures and archeological legacies, as well as its
advanced water conservancy achievements to the visitors.

4. After the successful fulfillment of the second stage, the third stage becomes a focus at present. In
this period, the dam on the right bank and the electricity station will be constructed, and the
whole machine installation will be finished. The river will pass through the permanent bottom
and the temporary diversion outlets in the spillway dam. The shipping will go permanently
through the ship lock. At that time, the three gorges reservoir will be 600 km long and 2000m
wide at the widestpoint; its acreage will be 10,000 sq.km. It will be a calm gorger-like
reservoir.Of course, although we have had great achievements in the second stage, still some
problems need to be solved. First, we must finish earth-and rock-fill cofferdam and 20,000 stere
impervious walls within about one month. Then, within three and a half month, and at most four
months, we must construct three stages of compressing concrete cofferdam, 140m high. This is a
hard task, but if done well, the third stage of the Three Gorges Dam Project will benefit much
more.
Controversy over the Dam
The dam project was born with a huge controversy covering economic, technical, environment,
migration, tourism and the protection fields. Great concerns have been paid regarding the
benefits and problems that this century's big project would bring to the people and the
environment. The adoption of the project construction resolution ended the heated debates
among scientists.
Scenery Change after Three Gorges Dam Completed
The landscape along the Three Gorges is like a traditional Chinese picture, and the precious
cultural relics ranging from the Paleolithic Age to the modern times add a human touch to the
area. It is always a hot spot on travelers' itinerary. But as the water rising, many scenery and
historical sites were or will be flooded (by the change of the water level).The relevant cultural
relic department and local government are doing their best to save these valuable cultural
treasures. The protection methods such as removal and reproduction are adopted. Moreover, the
rising water also increases the scenic area, making some impenetrable streams and scenic sights

5. easy to reach. In a word, the dam project has ruined much natural beauty but at the same time
creates new ones. So visitors should explore more, not just to feel pity of it.
Three Gorges Dam Travel
Opened in 1997, the Dam Scenic Area is mainly composed of Tanzi Mountain, 185 Platform,
Dam Viewing Point and Memorial Garden. It fully displays to visitors the culture of the water
conservancy project. Climbing on the Viewing Platform, visitors will have a panoramic view of
the whole dam. 185 Platform got the name from its height – 185 meters, equivalent to the height
of the dam crest. Standing on the Dam Viewing Point, visitors will see the huge dam body at
close range. The Memorial Garden is a large open air museum where exhibits a large number of
machines that have been used in the dam construction, such as mechanical excavators and
cranes. Besides, visitors can also go to Huangling Temple, the largest ancient building in the
Three Gorges area.
Benefits from Three Gorges Project
The Three Gorges Dam, a project of great weight to Chinese nation, has been completed and so
far begun to bring benefits to Chinese people in mainly four aspects: flood control, power
generation, navigation and tourism.
One of the major objectives of the dam is to control water levels due to frequent floods causing a
historical problem around the Jinjiang River and Dongting Lake area. The project can efficiently
control the water from upper stream and reduce the flood and sand pouring into Dongting Lake
during the flood season, thus the sediment accumulation rate of Dongting Lake can be postponed
and the threat of flood to it can be relieved.
The normal storage level can be reached to 574 feet and its flood control capacity is as large as
29 billion cubic yards which will protect the Jingjiang River and the middle or the lower reaches
of Yangtze River. If severe floods happen, the big dam can hold the water and discharge the
flood, which wins time for transferring personnel to avoid loss of life.
Power Generation
PowerGeneration, Three GorgesDamProject

6. The total capacity of the Three Gorges Dam Project is 18.2 million kilowatts and the annual
power generation is 84.7 billion kilowatt hours, which greatly relieves the electricity pressure in
middle and eastern China. Located in the middle of China, this hydropower station supplies
power to the middle, eastern and southern China, that within 400 to 1,000 km economic
transmission distance of the load. The big power supply system associated by middle, eastern
and southern China is formed, which creates multiplier effect between different regions,
regulating effect between hydropower stations and capacity conversion effect between
hydropower stations and steam power plants.
Hydropower is clean energy and environmental friendly. The operation of the Three Gorges
hydropower station can reduce the emissions of ten million tons of carbon dioxide, one to two
million tons of sulfur dioxide, 300,000 to 400,000 tons of oxynitride, 10,000 tons of carbon
monoxide and 150,000 tons of dust. From these data, the huge contribution of this hydropower
station to the environmental protection is definitely affirmed.
Navigation
Located in the middle reach of Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam will largely improve the
waterway conditions from Yichang City to Chongqing City. In the dry season, the water in the
lower reaches of Gezhouba Water Control Project can get ample supply, and the navigation in
the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River will be well developed. The ships of ten thousand
tons can sail directly from Chongqing to Hankou and further to Shanghai. Besides, due to the
improvement of the navigable waterways, the ship size and fleet size are accelerated
standardization and large-sized, and the transport costs can be reduced.
The Three Gorges Dam improves waterway condition from Yichang to Chongqing
Three GorgesDam attracts manytourists
Tourism
After the completion of the dam project, visitors will be delighted to see a wonder in the Yangtze
River where a calm lake sits among the steep gorges. As the rising of the water, many scenic
spots which originally hard to enter are now reachable. For example, in Dangyang River, the
branch of Madu River, a new sight of "small three gorges" appears. The White Emperor City,
which was hidden in the thick forest in the past, becomes a beautiful island standing in the center
of the river. The big scenery change will attract more and more visitors to explore the Three
Gorges.

7. Problems Caused by Three Gorges Project
The Three Gorges Dam Project, the world's largest hydropower project at present, has
experienced 75 years from conception, exploration, programming to the go-ahead. Dr. Sun Yat-
sen first proposed the idea. In 1992, after a long period of repeated discussions, researches and
arguments, the construction was finally commenced.
Like a baby, Three Gorges Dam is growing with the tender care and under the watchful eye of
the Chinese people as well as with interest from abroad. Its every growing step, no matter how
hard it is, is recorded by history. The strong voice of announcing the beginning of the project still
vibrates across the country. Industrious workers showed their radiant smiles to the world after
finishing the last step of each concrete cast. The exciting news of Three Gorges Project cheered
people up. The dam project ceaselessly brings us the good news.
However, many problems also accompany the project from the proposal to the finish. The early
disputes stressed on the economic and technical factors. It was generally accepted that these two
factors could not support the construction of the project and the problem of migration was hard
to be settled. After 1980s, by the progress of reform and opening up policy, the problems over
the project have largely covered politics, economy, environment, migration, tourism and the
protection of the cultural relics.
Sediment Problem:-
Sediment problem is always a heavy emphasis on the discussion of the Three Gorges Project. It
is measured that the river sediment concentration of the upper stream is about 1.2kg per cubic
meter. The total sediment passing the dam site is above five hundred million a year. Before the
dam project, the mud and sand deposited largely in Jingjiang River, which has lifted the water
level and menaced the safety of Jianghan (Yangtze River and Hanjiang River) Plain and
Dongting Lake Plain. After the finish of the project, the silt must deposit in the dam and the end
of the reservoir due to the backwater. Especially the large-sized pebbles, hard to be discharged,
they will extend to the upper stream and influence further to Chongqing City. This fact arouses
people's worry about the sediment problem in the Three Gorges.

8. Environmental Problem:-
The Three Gorges Project has a great influence on the environment and ecology of the reservoir
area and the Yangtze River. The biggest concern is the pollution of the reservoir. After the water
storage, due to the steady state of the fluent, the contaminant cannot down rush in time and store
up in the reservoir, which would deteriorate water quality and cause refuse floating, and probably
trigger the epidemic. At present, some towns have started collecting potable water in other area,
and while a great number of migrants are opening up the wasteland, the soil erosion and water
pollution are growing in intensity.
According to the operational experience of Gezhouba hydropower station, the dam would
furiously challenge the surrounding ecology. Because of the dam, fishes cannot normally pass
the Three Gorges, and thus their living habits and heredity will change. After the finish of the
water storage, over 560 kinds of land rare plants will be flooded. Experts have to transplant
certain varieties which do not distribute over other places.
Migration Problem
is partly submerged in the water. Migration problem is the biggest difficult point of the Three
Gorges Dam Project. The fund for migration covers 45% of the total investment. After the water
storage, about 129 cities and towns including Wanxian and Fuling are flooded. The migrants
surpass 1200,000, relating to 20 cities and counties in Hubei and Chongqing. They were
allocated to Hubei (outside the reservoir area), Chongqing (outside the reservoir area), Anhui,
Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong provinces to make
a living.
Besides, many migrants are building their new homes around the dam area. But the current
situation is that though the infrastructure construction is rapid, the industry develops slowly, a
great number of enterprises went bankrupt, the unemployment rate is high and the income of
peasants falls, which has brought a lot of social problems.

9. Landscape Loss
The ancient plank road is submerged in the water. As the water storage of the Three Gorges
Dam, the rising Yangtze River has flooded a part of the landscape. Scenery changes a lot
compared before the dam construction. According to a survey, the flooded natural scenery
includes Military Books and Precious Sword Gorge, Dragon Gate Gorge, Ox Liver and Horse
Lung Gorge, Hanging Monk Rock, Bayan Gorge, Guandao Gorge, Water Curtain Cave and
Phoenix Spring. The flooded cultural sights include Quyuan Temple, White Crane Ridge, Daxi
Culture, Zhangfei Temple, Dachang ancient city, Fengjie ancient city, Kongming Tablet, Chalk
Wall, Mengliang Stairway, Dragon Backbone Stone and Qutang Gorge ancient plank road. The
partly submerged natural landscape includes Bawu Gorge, Dicui Gorge, Wu Gorge, Qutang
Gorge, Kongdong Gorge and Luyou Cave. The partly submerged cultural sights include White
Emperor City, Precious Stone Fortress, Fengdu Mountain, Huanghua Town, Daning River
ancient plank road, suspended coffin in Longmen Gorge, Zhongzhou ancient city and Xituo
ancient city.
It is a great pity that so many scenic sights have forever disappeared. The experts have tried their
best to save them as much as possible. They moved some to the new sites, transferred some to
museums or took photos as a reference to later reproduction. Splendid efforts have been made to
reduce the loss to the minimum size.