1. Immobilisation and Storage of Nuclear Waste Dr John Roberts Dalton Nuclear Institute The University of Manchester NI Rough Guide to the Nuclear Industry 2010
7. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Return to customers for final disposal Enrichment Conversion Uranium Ore Natural Uranium All plant requires final decommissioning Recycle Fuel (MOX) Electric Power Reactor Transport Reprocessing Spent Fuel Storage Waste Management Fuel Fabrication Recycled Uranium
21. Waste by Activity Total conditioned waste volumes from each business activity Total volume 1,750,000 m 3 57% Commercial Reprocessing 30% Commercial Reactors 9% Research & Development 2% Ministry of Defence 1% Medical & Industrial <1% Fuel Fabrication & Uranium Enrichment
71. Drill the first stage of the borehole Insert the casing. Pour in the cement basement. Drill the next stage of the borehole. Insert the casing. Pour in the cement basement Drill the next stage of the borehole Constructing the Borehole And so on, down to > 4 kms 0.6 - 0.8 m diameter Constructing the Borehole Drill the first stage of the borehole Insert the casing Pour in the cement basement Drill the next stage of the borehole Insert the casing Pour in the cement basement Drill the next stage of the borehole And so on, down to > 4 km
72. Placement of Canisters Insert the casing Insert the canisters Pour in the grout and allow it to set Placement of Canisters Insert the casing Insert the canisters Pour in the grout and allow it to set
73. Separation of Canisters Insert Bentonite clay Insert another stack of canisters Repeat until the bottom km of the borehole is filled 4 kms Separation of Canisters Insert Bentonite clay Insert another stack of canisters Repeat until the bottom km of the borehole is filled
74. Sealing the Borehole Pour in some backfill (crushed granite) Insert heater and seal the borehole Pour in more backfill and seal the borehole again 3 km deep (topmost canister) Fill the rest of the borehole with backfill Sealing the Borehole 3 km deep (topmost canister) Pour in some backfill (crushed granite) Insert heater and seal the borehole Pour in more backfill and seal the borehole again Fill the rest of the borehole with backfill