1. Objectives
• Explain why the colony of New France grew slowly.
• Analyze the establishment and growth of the
English colonies.
• Understand why Europeans competed for power
in North America and how their struggle affected
Native Americans.

2. Terms and People
• New France – French possession in present-day
Canada from the 1500s to 1763
• revenue – income
• Pilgrims – English Protestants who rejected the
Church of England
• compact – an agreement among people

3. Terms and People (continued)
• French and Indian War – a war between
France and England that erupted in 1754 in
North America and ended in 1763
• Treaty of Paris – the agreement that officially
ended the French and Indian War as well as
other fighting between France and England, and
ensured British dominance in North America

4. How did European struggles for power
shape the North American continent?
France and England followed Spain in settling
North America. Though their hopes for gold or
passage to Asia were not met, they did turn
profits in their new domains.
By 1700, the two nations controlled vast parts
of North America. Their colonies were very
different from those in Spanish America.

5. France claimed vast amounts of land in North
America during the 1500s.
• The nation called these claims New France.
Jacques Cartier explored the coastline in 1534 and
discovered the St. Lawrence River.
• French missionaries followed the explorers,
attempting to convert Native Americans to
Christianity.

6. Despite large French land claims and wide
exploration, settlement was slow.
• The first permanent
French settlement
was founded in 1608.
• Farming was hard in
the cold Canadian
climate, so many
settlers became fur
trappers and traders.

7. Louis XIV wanted to increase revenues from
New France in the 1600s.
He sent more settlers and soldiers to North America.
However, he forbade Protestants from settling in
New France.
Partly as a result, the population of New France was
smaller than that of the growing English colonies.

8. England established colonies along the Atlantic
seaboard in the 1600s.
• The English founded
their first permanent
colony at Jamestown,
Virginia, in 1607.
• Many early settlers died
of starvation. Jamestown
began to thrive once the
colonists started growing
and exporting tobacco.

9. The Pilgrims arrived in 1620.
They were English Protestants who rejected the
Church of England and sought religious freedom.
A compact is an
While still on their
agreement. This one
ship, they signed
set guidelines for
the Mayflower
governing the new
Compact.
colony.

10. The English established additional colonies
in the 1600s and 1700s, for many reasons.
Virginia Commercial ventures
New York organized for profit
Massachusetts
Havens for persecuted
Pennsylvania
religious groups
Maryland
Georgia Gifts from English kings
South Carolina to loyal supporters

11. • People in New England built
English fishing, timber, and
colonists shipbuilding industries.
learned
to create • Those in the middle colonies
wealth by grew grain.
using native
resources.
• Settlers in the South grew cash
crops such as rice and tobacco
and developed a plantation
economy.

12. English colonists had a large degree of
self-government.
• This grew out of English tradition in which both
Parliament and the rights of citizens tempered
the power of the king.
• Each colony had its own representative assembly
that advised the king-appointed royal governor.

13. European powers in North America began
to fight in the 1600s to protect their
interests—and to expand them.
The two main The French and
rivals were France Indian War erupted
and England. between them in 1754.

14. The French and Indian War was a long and
hard-fought conflict.
• France won several victories early on.
• But then British troops captured Quebec, the
capital of New France.
• In 1763, the Treaty of Paris officially ended
the war and established British dominance in
North America.
• However, France regained sugar-producing islands
in the Caribbean and slave-trading outposts in
Africa that the British had seized during the war.