The document proposes a Multiphase Thermoelectric Converter that can more efficiently convert waste heat from power plants into electricity. It works by ionizing hot coolant and using opposing moving magnetic fields to compress the ions and force them to expand, converting thermal energy into electricity at potentially high efficiency. By recovering most wasted heat, it could significantly reduce global pollution while generating electricity in a commercially viable way.

1. Multiphase Thermoelectric Converter
Generating Electricity More Efficiently from
Waste Heat
pat. pend.:
PCT/IB2011/054511
Moacir L. Ferreira Jr.
October 29, 2013

2. photos source: wikipedia.org

3. • Most of the energy produced worldwide (96.8%) are from
thermal power sources (coal, oil, nuclear, solar tower,
geothermal, natural gas, and biomass).
source: iea.org
source: bp.com

5. • The energy efficiency of a conventional thermal power
station is typically around 33%, which means that over
half of the energy in gas and around two-thirds of the
energy (66%) in nuclear and coal used to produce
electricity is lost as waste heat (trillion dollars yearly)
discharged into rivers, lakes, oceans and the
atmosphere.
photos source: wikipedia.org

6. photos source: wikipedia.org

7. • In accordance to the laws of thermodynamics, any
efficiency cannot exceed or even reach 100%, but do
not prevent any efficiency from reaching or even
exceeding 90%.
• Higher pressures and
temperatures (PV=nRT) can allow
greater efficiencies η=1-(TC/TH),
e.g. TC=300K, TH=3000K, η%=90%.
• However, temperatures are limited by ability of
materials to withstand high temperature, which is not
the case for magnetic fields (r=mv/qB) that can
withstand very high-temperature ion plasma.

9. • Conceptually, the Multiphase Thermoelectric Converter works
by ionizing hot coolant in order to force it F=q(v × B) to push its
ions against moving magnetic fields doing useful work
converting thermal energy directly into electric power at high
efficiency with almost no moving parts.
• Essentially, it can be comprised of two sets of concentric
helix-coils (contra-aligned in Brayton cycle), feed by six
phases [0° 60° 120° 180° 240° 300°], for producing
opposing moving magnetic forces, for axially and
radially compressing a hot ionized coolant F=q(v × B),
forcing it to expand longitudinally which boosts the
alternating magnetic fields F=i(L × B) ε=(Bℓv sinθ)
electrodynamically converting thermal energy into electricity.
• The phase rotation keeps the hot ionized coolant centered far
from the inner walls, forcing ever higher pressures
which induces increased temperatures (PV=nRT) for
virtually getting closer to the maximum Carnot
efficiency η=1-(T /T ).

11. TWT
• Comparatively, it works
similarly to a conventional
Traveling Wave Amplifier (TWT), where amplitude of
alternating magnetic fields is boosted while charged
particles pass through its interior, forcing the alternating
fields outwardly thereby electromotively amplifying the
amplitude of voltage and current (causing an opposing
overflow of energy) on the coils while charged particles
are losing kinetic energy; however, differently, it is
multiphasic which allows opposing moving forces in ever
higher compression (Brayton cycle instead of just
Rankine cycle), and also it can use not only energy from
electrons but also energy from electrically charged ions.

12. ion stream
moving magnetic fields
Multiphase Coils
Hot coolant impels its ions
against the moving magnetic
fields of the multiphase coils
doing useful work while
converting thermal energy
directly into electric power.
→ Rankine cycle
Opposing Multiphase Coils → Brayton cycle
Radially it is to work like a polyphasic rotating
motor, and axially like a linear AC motor; moving
and rotating magnetic fields resulting in spiraling
forces around and along its longitudinal axis.
Internally, coated with thermal insulator(ceramic)
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14. • Also Multistage Ion Collectors is used for increasing even
more the efficiency, by progressively forcing ions (F=qE)
to exchange their kinetic energy into potential energy
(W=qU) slowing/cooling down, and neutralizing them for
collecting their residual energy, which causes an
overvoltage on capacitor (E=½CV²) that is transferred via
three-phase rectifier/inverter to a battery bank
(multidirectional flow of energy).

18. • The temperature of waste heat from conventional
thermal power stations can range from 300°C to 600°C,
although relatively energetic, it is so low-grade
temperature heat for conventional steam turbines.
However, it is possible to recover most of the waste heat
into electric power by ionizing the exhausting gases in
order to force them F=q(v × B) to push their ions against
moving magnetic fields doing useful work while
converting thermal energy directly into electric power at
high efficiency with almost no moving parts.

22. • The Multiphase Thermoelectric Converter can be
mounted on cooling towers and/or chimneys to
recover most of the waste heat into electric power
directly by forcing the upstream exhausting gases to
work against magnetic/electric fields. The exhausting
gases can be pre-ionized by a nichrome filament, by
triboelectric effect between the gases and a metallic
grid, or also by a modified Kelvin electrostatic
generator interconnecting two towers.
Ions naturally
are split apart
by magnetic
fields, seed for
avalanche
multiplication
effect.

25. • Most of the wasted heat energy from conventional thermal power
stations can potentially be harvested in a commercially viable way
(trillion dollars per year), still reducing the worldwide pollution.
• Additionally, there is the Cross Fire Fusion Reactor that can replace
more than 10 billion tons/year of carbon dioxide (CO₂) by only 10000
tons/year of non-radioactive, inert, and safe helium-4 gas.
• Electric power can be used for electrolysis of water:
H₂O + (286kJ/mole) → H₂ + ½O₂
Hydrogen can be combined with atmospheric CO₂ to produce
methanol(CH₃OH):
CO₂ + 3H₂ → CH₃OH + H₂
• This process can reduce CO₂ concentration and increase oxygen in
the atmosphere, producing hydrogen for fuel cells and methanol
for vehicles; methanol is relatively clean compared to
gasoline or diesel which can substantially reduce the
worldwide pollution.

26. Aneutronic Star
Cross Fire Fusion Reactor

27. Aneutronic Star
Cross Fire Fusion Reactor

28. Aneutronic Star
pat. pend.:
PCT/IB2013/050658
Cross Fire Fusion Reactor

29. Conclusion:
• The Multiphase Thermoelectric Converter is to be
potentially cheaper and more efficient than
conventional thermoelectric systems. It can harvest
most of the waste heat from thermal power
stations in a commercially viable way.
• By doubling (or even tripling) the overall efficiency
of electric conversion from any thermal
energy source, it can contribute largely
for reducing the worldwide pollution.

30. Thank You
www.crossfirefusion.com/thermoelectric