Fertile Crescent Part 1

1. Early Civilization In the Fertile Crescent

2. Civilization It refers to the society, culture and way of life in a particular area.

3. Fertile Crescent It is an area that is rich in resources and is shaped like a crescent as to why it is called Fertile Crescent.

6. It is on the crossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa therefore it is a good place for trade and commerce.

9. Why is it called “The Cradle of Civilization”? It is called the Cradle of Civilization because it is believed that Mesopotamia is the first place where civilized society truly began to take shape.

11. It is now known as Iraq.

14. They were farmers and city builders.

17. It is a massive tower that dominated the city.

18. It is built for the different gods of each city-state.

19. Although the priests owned a lot of territory, they did not rule over the city.SUMERIANS ZIGGURATS

21. Kings are also their war-leaders.

22. Originally, Kings are elected, but due to frequent wars between two city-states, it became hereditary.SUMERIANS RULERS

24. Cuneiform means “wedge-shaped” because of the shape and the marks made by the stylus.SUMERIANS CUNEIFORM

26. First people to invent writing.

27. Invention of Mathematical Ideas such as “Sexagisimal”, which is the division of the hour to 60 min, and a minute into 60 seconds.

28. Invention of the plow.

29. They invented the 12 months Calendar.

30. They were the first to use arches, columns and inclined walls.SUMERIANS ACHIEVEMENTS

32. Time: 2500 BCE

33. Ruler: Sargon

34. Effect: The Sumerian Civilization ceased to exist, but their achievements left a lasting contribution to human society.SUMERIANS THE INVASION

37. Sargon founded the empire.

38. It is the first empire to be recorded in history.Akkadian Empire

40. He founded the Akkadian Empire.

41. He proclaimed himself as: “Lord of the Four Quarters of the World” Akkadian Empire

43. Extended the flood control of Mesopotamia.

44. Protected trade caravans with his armies.Akkadian Empire

46. Sam Scientific Ideas

48. Same Scientific Ideas

49. Same Political IdeasAkkadian Empire

50. REASON: Akkadians and Sumerians have the same ideas, way of writing, and religion because Akkadians adopted the Sumerian Way of Life.

51. Later rulers lacked Good leading abilities Causing the empire to Fall into civil war.

54. RULER: King Hammurabi

56. They built a small village called Babylon.

57. Soon, the village grew magnificent and powerful.

58. They built a giant ziggurat for their Chief Babylonian god, Marduk.EARLY HISTORY OF THE BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

60. He united the Southern Mesopotamia under his rule.

61. He was one of the great rulers of ancient times.

62. He created the famous, CODE OF HAMMURABI. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

64. He was the Patron of the Arts.

65. He was an able Administrator.BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

67. It is filled with writings of Code of Laws.

68. Contains: 282 Laws about trade, family labor, real estate, and personal property.

69. Principle: “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”

71. King Hammurabi’s goal In creating the Code of Laws: “To cause justice to prevail in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil, to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak, and to further the welfare of the people.”

72. After the death of Hammurabi, Rebellions and Invasions Weakened the Babylonian Empire.

73. BABYLONIAN EMPIRE INAVDER: HITTITES TIME: 1500 BCE EFFECT: THE HITTITES ADOPTED THE BABYLONIAN WAY OF LIFE AND BROUGHT IT BACK TO ASIA.

74. HITTITE EMPIRE

75. The Hittite Empire adopted the Babylonian way of life Such as the Babylonian Cuneiform, government and religion. HITTITE EMPIRE

76. HITTITE EMPIRE Hittites were the first to use Iron weapons. They tried to guard the secret Of Iron Working, however, They still failed and the Technology spread to other Nations.

77. DIFFERENT IRON TOOLS: THE HITTITES BROUGHT ABOUT THE IRON AGE DUE TO THEIR DISCOVERY OF IRON SPEARS.

78. INVADER: ASSYRIAN EMPIRE TIME: AROUND 1200 BCE EFFECT: THE MOST HATED AND BRUTAL INVADER OF MESOPOTAMIA CAME TO POWER. FALL OF THE HITTITE EMPIRE

80. They invaded people after people until they had an empire that included the entire Fertile Crescent and Egypt.

81. They also possessed a highly disciplined army.Assyrian Empire

82. “I CUT OFF THEIR HEADS, AND LIKE HEAPS OF GRAIN, I PILED THEM UP” - Assyrian Ruler Assyrian Empire

84. They also Built roads To speed The movement Of the army From province To province.

86. It is where the first library is located.

87. It was built with the taxes collected from the people.Assyrian Empire Nineveh

89. It houses 22,000 clay tablets written in cuneiform.

90. The Library was tasked to organize and preserve valuable records.Assyrian Empire Library