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Smart Grid Micro Grid Energy T&D and Storage
January 1, 2010
This research report about selected Smart Grid components presents an in-depth
analysis of the development, applications, products, manufacturers, and trends in the
development of transmission and distribution (T&D) system automation, energy storage,
and microgrids in the United States and around the world. T&D system automation is
vital to smart grid development, is badly in need of repair, and has not been designed
for the power needs of high technology systems. Battery storage systems can improve
power quality and reliability and improve the effectiveness of intermittent renewable
energy sources but are not yet cost effective in most instances. Microgrids could serve
the specific needs of localized electric loads and become proxies for smart grid
development but lack a common set of standards that could drive their growth. The
report provides a comprehensive assessment of all three of these areas, cost and
regulatory concerns that have limited their growth, the potential opportunities for new
applications (particularly for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the
grid), and an assessment of developing technologies that make the grid “smart”.
Projected growth through 2014 for these areas is provided including discussion of
energy demand, environmental impacts, economic conditions, consumer acceptance,
stakeholder concerns, and government activities as they affect growth rates. The report
also profiles manufacturers and marketers of technologies in these areas and the
strategies they have adopted to maximize growth and profitability.
Scope and Methodology
This report includes both primary and secondary research. Secondary research data
have been obtained from government sources, trade association publications, business
journals, and company literature. Statistical data are included for industry revenue, both
globally and for the United States. The market size for (T&D) system automation,
energy storage, and microgrid technologies is projected from 2009 to 2014.
Potential applications, buying trends, environmental issues, and energy considerations
are also reviewed and analyzed. Market size estimates and forecasts are based on
government and secondary sources, and the impact of factors such as government
grants and incentives, environmental concerns, fuel and energy prices, economic

2. considerations, and demand for renewable energy sources.
How You Will Benefit from this Report
If your company is involved in renewable energy, electric service, business consulting
and integration of electric resources, energy planning, off-grid electric applications,
general construction, or simply want to determine the myriad opportunities that exist
with development of hydropower you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a
comprehensive package of information and insight about conventional and ocean hydro
technologies that are not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough
understanding of (T&D) system automation, energy storage, and microgrid applications
and markets, as well as projected market sizes and trends through 2014.
This report will help:
Marketing Managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted
promotion plans for (T&D) automation, energy storage, and microgrid products
and services.
Research and Development Professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives,
product applications, and demand for (T&D) automation, energy storage, and
microgrid technologies.
Advertising Agencies working with clients in energy efficiency, energy service,
and energy planning develop compelling messages and images to promote
development of (T&D) automation, energy storage, and microgrid projects.
Business Development Executives understand the dynamics of developing
T&D) automation, energy storage, and microgrid projects, identify potential
partnerships, and detect new product applications.
Information and Research Center Librarians provide market researchers,
brand and product managers, and other colleagues with the vital information they
need to do their jobs more effectively.
Additional Information
Market Insights: A Selection From The Report
Microgrid Components
Microgrids will vary in size and composition based on the specific loads they must serve
and the physical area they comprise. Regardless of size, load, or cost all microgrids will
need electricity generating resources, energy storage capability, and systems and other
devices that manage and control electric power within the microgrid. Since most

3. microgrids will interconnect with a utility grid, a transformer will be a necessity as well as
a static switch that will automatically disconnect the microgrid from utility power when
power problems on the grid arise. Depending on the loads within the microgrid a power
inverter will be required to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC).
When more than one energy source is used distributed power electronics will be
needed to balance and synchronize electricity generation. Other equipment, such as
switches, power flow controllers, power cables, and communication gear will also be
used based on microgrid needs. Figure 1-4 shows a schematic of the CERTS Microgrid
concept with the various components it requires.
Power generating units will comprise the bulk of the costs of a microgrid followed by
costs for energy storage systems. These two components will likely account for over
two thirds of the costs for developing microgrids but this estimate is highly variable. The
size of the microgrid, the composition of its electric loads, the type of generating
sources, and other factors will determine the number and types of components that will
be needed to build a microgrid.
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems (also known as cogeneration) generate
electricity and heat from a single, integrated system and use the heat that would
normally be wasted for heating or cooling purposes. CHP systems can achieve
efficiencies between 60 percent and 80 percent which is significantly greater than the
typical 33 percent efficiency attained from fossil fuel power plants. Since CHP systems
are designed for particular needs and used in a localized setting, they comprise several
key components of a microgrid. Other components would need to be deployed, but
CHP systems provide a foundation from which a microgrid could be built.
In the News
Fast, reliable and cost-effective, the microgrid market is capturing attention and
government funding
New York, January 5, 2010 - Smart grid technology has gained much notoriety as the
solution to the world’s future electric power needs, but due to the daunting size and
complexity of the current electrical grid, it will take utilities years to transform the grid
into any semblance of a smart grid.
A new market study from SBI Energy, Smart Grid Micro Grid Energy T&D and Storage,
projects that the timely and cost-effective microgrid will pave the way to full smart grid
integration faster than utilities alone. Forecasted to grow 13% during the 2009 to 2014
period, the market for microgrids will near $7 billion by 2014 supported by
implementation at large industrial operations, military bases and communities where
electricity is unstable or non-existent.

4. By design, the microgrid comprises all the same components of a larger grid and thus,
stimulus funds that have been provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act (ARRA) of 2009 specifically for smart grid development will simultaneously benefit
microgrids. According to SBI Energy, microgrids will become the incubator and
operational test bed for innovative smart grid solutions and vendors since it is
significantly less difficult and costly to deploy smart technologies.
“New technologies to support the different facets of smart grids—communication
systems, sensors, control software, and smart meters to name a few—are being
developed not only by small venture firms but also more recently by large, well-
established companies,” says Shelley Carr, publisher of SBI Energy. “Regulators,
industrial firms, consumers, and other stakeholders will test, evaluate, and begin to
identify the technologies that will usher in a new era of electric generation, delivery,
consumption, and cost. Coupled with worldwide electric infrastructure costs that are
estimated to top $1.5 trillion over the next twenty years there will be much activity in the
electricity production and delivery area in the near future.”
Smart Grid Micro Grid Energy T&D and Storage presents an in-depth analysis of the
development, applications, products, manufacturers, and trends in the advancement of
transmission and distribution (T&D) system automation, energy storage, and microgrids
in the United States and around the world.
The report provides a comprehensive assessment of all three of these areas, cost and
regulatory concerns that have limited their growth, the potential opportunities for new
applications (particularly for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the
grid), and an assessment of developing technologies that make the grid “smart”.
Projected growth through 2014 for these areas is provided, including discussion of
energy demand, environmental impacts, economic conditions, consumer acceptance,
stakeholder concerns, and government activities as they affect growth rates. The report
also profiles manufacturers and marketers of technologies in these areas and the
strategies they have adopted to maximize growth and profitability.
About SBI Energy
SBI Energy, a division of MarketResearch.com, publishes research reports in the
industrial, energy, building/construction, automotive/transportation markets. SBI Energy
also offers a full range of custom research services.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive summary Scope
Figure 1-1: Smart Grid Components Schematic

5. Research Methodology
Transmission and Distribution Automation
T&D System Components
T&D Automation Market Size and Growth
Figure 1-2: T&D Automation Market Size and Growth, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
T&D Growth Factors
Energy Storage
Energy Storage Applications
Energy Storage Technologies
Battery Storage Market Size and Growth
Figure 1-3: Battery Storage Market Size and Growth, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Factors Driving Battery Storage Growth
Factors Hindering Battery Storage Growth
Microgrids
Microgrid Benefits and Capabilities
Smart Microgrids
Microgrid Applications
Microgrid Trends
Microgrid Components
Figure 1-4: CERTS Microgrid Schematic
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Figure 1-5: Microgrid Market Size and Growth, 2009-2014 ($ billions)
Microgrid Growth Drivers
Regulatory and Other Constraints on Microgrid Growth
Summary

6. Chapter 2: Transmission & Distribution Automation Scope
The Transmission and Distribution System
Figure 2-1: Schematic of the Electric System
The Transmission System
Transmission Reliability
Figure 2-2: Electric Reliability Metrics, United States, 2000-2005
Line Loss
Transmission System Components
The Distribution System
The Need for Smart Technologies at the Distribution Level
Distribution System Components
Market Size and Growth
Monitoring and Control Systems
Figure 2-3: T&D Monitoring and Control System Growth, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Distribution Automation
Figure 2-4: Distribution Automation Growth, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Protective Relays
Figure 2-5: Protective Relay Growth, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Substation Automation
Figure 2-6: Substation Automation, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Smart Meters
Figure 2-7: Smart Metering Hardware and Software Market Size, 2009-2014 (in billion $)
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
Figure 2-8: Sinusoidal Waveform and Phasor Representation Diagram
Figure 2-9: Phasor Measurement Unit Installations on the North American Grid
Table 2-1: Global Phasor Measurement Applications

7. Figure 2-10: Phasor Measurement Unit Market Size, 2009-2014 ($ millions)
Market Growth Enhancers and Inhibitors
Market Growth Enhancers
Market Growth Inhibitors
Summary
Chapter 3: Energy Storage Scope
The Need for Energy Storage
Figure 3-1: Energy Storage Schematic
Energy Storage Applications
Power Improvement
Figure 3-2: Grid Frequency Regulation Example
Table 3-1: Energy Storage for Electric Generation Applications
Infrastructure Cost Reduction
Table 3-2: Energy Storage for Transmission and Distribution Applications
Energy Cost Reduction
Other Energy Storage Applications
Table 3-3: Energy Storage for End User Applications
Energy Storage Technologies
Battery Storage
Lead-Acid Batteries
Figure 3-3: Battery Module Diagram
Flow Batteries
Figure 3-4: Flow Battery Diagram
Advanced batteries
Fuel Cells
Figure 3-5: Phosphoric-Acid Fuel Cell Diagram

8. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
Supercapacitors
Figure 3-6: Supercapacitor Diagram
Flywheels
Figure 3-7: Flywheel Diagram
Table 3-4: Energy Storage Technologies, Advantages and Disadvantages
Pumped Hydro
Figure 3-8: Pumped Storage Hydropower System
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Market Size and Growth
Figure 3-9: Energy Storage Technology Cost Comparison, 2008 ($ per KW)
Table 3-5: Battery Storage Technology Cost Comparison
Figure 3-10: Global Energy Storage Market Growth by Type of System, 2009-2014 ($
billions)
Figure 3-11: Battery Storage Market Growth, 2009-2014 ($ billions)
Growth Enhancers and Inhibitors
Growth Enhancers
Growth Inhibitors
Current Application Examples
Summary
Chapter 4: Microgrids
Scope
Microgrids
Table 4-1: Microgrid Characteristics
Microgrid Definitions

9. Microgrid Benefits and Capabilities
Distributed Electric (DE) Generation
Autonomous Operations
Technology Innovators
Environmental Benefits
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005)
Direct Current (DC) Microgrids
Smart Microgrids
Figure 4-1: Two Approaches to Smart Grid Development
Microgrid Development
Smart Grid Killer App
Microgrid Applications
Operational Microgrids
Commercial and Industrial Microgrids
Figure 4-2: Mad River Park Microgrid
Military Microgrids
Community Microgrids
Institutional Microgrids
Off-Grid Microgrids
Figure 4-3: Kythnos Island Microgrid
The CERTS Microgrid Concept
Figure 4-4: CERTS Microgrid Test Bed Facility
Microgrid Market Size and Growth
Microgrid Trends
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Figure 4-5: Comparison of CHP and Conventional Generating Systems

10. Figure 4-6: Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Market Size and Growth, 2009-2014 ($
billions)
Figure 4-7: Microgrid Market Size and Growth, 2009-2014 ($ billions)
Factors Enhancing and Inhibiting Market Growth
Growth Drivers
Regulatory Constraints
Other Growth Inhibitors
Microgrid Benefits
Summary
Chapter 5: Competitive Profiles Scope
ABB Ltd (The ABB Group)
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 5-1: ABB Group Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-2: ABB Product Portfolio
Significant Developments
Beacon Power Corporation
Overview
Performance
Table 5-3: Beacon Power Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-4: Beacon Power Product Portfolio
Significant Events
CURRENT Group, LLC

11. Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 5-5: CURRENT Group Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-6: CURRENT Group Product Portfolio
Significant Developments
East Penn Manufacturing Company, Inc.
Overview
Performance
Table 5-7: East Penn Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-8: East Penn Product Portfolio
Sales Distribution
Significant Events
ERLPhase Power Technologies Ltd
Overview
Performance
Table 5-9: ERLPhase Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-10: ERLPhase Product Portfolio
Sales Distribution
Significant Events
General Electric Co
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions

12. Company Performance
Table 5-11: GE Energy / GE Consumer & Industrial Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-12: GE Energy Product Portfolio
Significant Developments
NexTek Power Systems, Inc
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Performance
Table 5-13: NexTek Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-14: NexTek Product Portfolio
Sales Distribution
Significant Events
Premium Power Corporation
Overview
Performance
Table 5-15: Premium Power Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-16: Premium Power Product Portfolio
Significant Events
Qualitrol Company LLC
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Performance
Table 5-17: Qualitrol Company Information

13. Product Portfolio
Table 5-18: Qualitrol Product Portfolio
Sales Distribution
Tecogen, Inc
Overview
Subsidiaries and Partnerships
Performance
Table 5-19: Tecogen Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-20: Tecogen Product Portfolio
Sales Distribution
Significant Developments
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