Precision Timing and Navigation - CDE themed call launch 23 April 2013

Precision Timing and
Navigation
Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)

© Crown Copyright MOD 2011
The aim of CDE

Prove the value of novel, high-risk,
high-potential-benefit research

To enable development of cost-
effective military capability advantage

26 April 2013
Five key operating principles
underpin the CDE model

26 April 2013
Accessible opportunity

Minimising participation costs

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Crown Copyright (c) 2012
Centre for Defence Enterprise
www.science.mod.uk/enterprise cde@dstl.gov.uk
UNCLASSIFIED / FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
CDE themed call programme
The challenges of countering terrorist
networks
Call closes 1 May 2013
(at 1700 hrs)
Precision timing Call closes 6 Jun 2013
(at 1700 hrs)
Countering insider threat attacks Call launch 14 May 2013
Secure communications Call launch 18 June 2013
Innovation in drug development
processes
Call launch 25 June 2013
Enhancing military medical training
and support for the medic
Call launch 16 July 2013
Register and further details at www.science.mod.uk under ‘Events and Calls’

Novel fibres for CBR protection

Effective proposals

Challenge, pace & exploitation

01235 438445
cde@dstl.gov.uk
www.science.mod.uk/enterprise

PRECISION TIMING AND
NAVIGATION
CDE themed call
DSTL reference: DSTL/PUB72247 V1 draft B
UNCLASSIFIED – FOR PUBLIC RELEASE© Crown copyright 2012 Dstl
26 April 2013

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Content
• Overview
• What we are looking for under this call
• What we are not looking for
• Potential exploitation routes – without commitment
• Concluding remarks
Crown Copyright Dstl 2013
UNCLASSIFIED – FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Page 68
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Futures & Innovation Programmes
26 April 2013
© Crown copyright 2012 Dstl
Science
&Technology
Futures
Strategic
Engagement
Knowledge
Exploitation
& Innovation

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
S&T Futures Programme
Intervention
studies
(CFD,
Future
Landscape,...)
Industry, IRC,
FutureWorlds™
© Crown Copyright Dstl 2013

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Overview
• Potential to enhance existing, or enable new, defence
capabilities
• We require:
• to demonstrate innovative use of existing technologies to
achieve military benefit
• significant advances in technology
• to lay the foundations for longer term breakthroughs which
might realise disruptive military capabilities.
Page 71
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Challenge 1: Rapidly exploitable and
innovative use of existing technologies
• New ways to exploit current devices and systems in
order to achieve a significant increase in capability.
• Consideration of how to overcome any barriers to
implementation (such as cost or supporting
infrastructure).
• We encourage leveraging tools and techniques from
other fields and industries.
Page 72
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Challenge 2: Step changes in technologies that
could be exploited over a medium timescale
• Understand how limitations in size, weight and power
might be mitigated while achieving enhanced precision.
• Technologies and techniques that may be leveraged
could include:
– trapped atom / ion-based microwave clocks as an interim to all
optical atomic clocks
– novel laser sources (and fibres)
– miniature vacuum pumps
– novel frequency sources / local oscillators
Page 73
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Challenge 3: Foundations for longer-term
breakthroughs
• Proposals for theoretical analyses or demonstrations of
basic physics welcomed provided novel and a ‘stepping
stone’ towards eventual defence and security application.
• Understand how an emerging technology could eventually
be harnessed for military or security applications in the
longer term. Design concepts on the cusp of the possible
are sought.
Page 74
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Summary (challenges 1 to 3)
• For challenge 1 affordability and exploitation will heavily
influence the uptake of the technology; bidders are asked to
think about how offerings might be designed (from an early
stage) for manufacture (and / or high-volume production).
• For challenge 2 the key driver is enhanced precision over the
current state of the art.
• For challenge 3 the key driver is exploring the art of the possible
with respect to future defence and security needs.
NB For all challenges size, weight and power (SWaP) is a key driver.
Page 75
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
What we are not looking for
• Marginal improvements
• Solutions that offer no significant defence and security benefit
• Technology watch / horizon scanning
• Roadmaps or technology prediction (these will be addressed
elsewhere)
• Stellar navigation
• Terrain referenced navigation
• GNSS / GPS antenna arrays
• Optical / radar parameter flow navigation
• Data fusion across networks and / or platforms
Page 76
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Potential exploitation routes
• Five Domains with particular initial exploitation routes:
o Land
o Maritime
o Air and weapons
o C4ISR
o Counter Terrorism
• Other Government Departments
• Research Councils
Page 77
of 16

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Land
Image Contains public sector information licensed under the Open
Government Licence v1.0
Challenges include:
• lower-cost devices with improved
performance characteristics
• upgrade of legacy equipment
Potential applications:
• synchronisation of man pack
jammers (and other radiating
equipment including unattended
sensors)
• navigation within buildings and urban
environments
• improved utilisation of bandwidth
• network synchronisation (ability to
rapidly hop on / hop off the network)
• flexible networks (switch on / switch
off nodes quickly – uplinks and
downlinks)

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Air and weapons
Challenges include
• technology that can be exploited across the whole portfolio of pipeline weapons
• to optimise the miniature atomic clock design to be robust across all weapon
environments
• integrated precision navigation and timing device with favourable SWaP characteristics;
for long-range missions (eg 300km) in absence of GNSS
• protecting unencrypted radio frequency
data
• faster acquisition of high-accuracy timing
and navigation and communication signals
in the field
• weapon data links, eg supporting common
anti-air modular missile (CAMM)
• synchronisation and navigation for Future
Long Range Cruise Missile (FLRCM ) and
Compact weapons
• enhanced targeting

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
C4ISR
Challenges include:
• integration on platforms where SWaP is
an issue:
– micro-satellites, high-altitude long-
endurance (HALE), medium-altitude
long-endurance (MALE)
– micro, mini, tactical unmanned air
systems
• synchronising disparate sources (including
at long ranges)
• protecting unencrypted radio frequency
data
• inter-platform time and frequency transfer
• improved control of unmanned air vehicles
and sensor payload
• de-confliction of electromagnetic
environment (enhanced interoperable
systems)
• operating in GNSS (GPS) denied /
degraded environments
• operating in harsh electromagnetic
environments

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Counter Terrorism
Challenges:
• safe, secure, resilient and robust
systems (perhaps including built in
redundancy)
• remotely operated platforms, remote
sensor and bomb disposal systems
(deployed on unmanned ground and air
vehicles)
• operating in harsh electromagnetic
environments where intentional
electromagnetic interference may be
present
• improved cyber security / denial of systems
to unauthorized users
• operating in GNSS-denied/degraded
environments

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Maritime
Challenges include:
• upgrade of legacy equipment and new
developments
• precision synchronisation (intra and
extra platform)
• long-duration underwater navigation
Potential applications –underwater:
• synchronisation of sonar arrays
• improved reliability underwater
communications
• enhanced sonar source localisation
• improved control of unmanned underwater
vehicles
Potential applications –above water:
• enhanced geo-location / direction finding
• precision geo-location of hostile radio
emitters for electronic warfare
• enhanced electronic countermeasures
• synchronisation of communications and
sensor suites
• enhanced interoperable systems, eg less
chance of self interference

DSTL/PUB72247 V1
Other Exploitation Routes
• Research Council
– Prospect for £2m Programme with Academia to start 2014/15
– Global Uncertainties
• Other Government Departments
– Participating in assessment of proposals

Precise Timing and Navigation – 23 Apr 2013
GPS Roadmap for the MOD
Defence Equipment & Support - Air Platform Systems PT

Global Positioning System – Apr 2013
L2
1227.6 MHz
L1
1575.42 MHz
P(Y)-Code
C/A-Code
P(Y)-Code
• GPS is MOD’s de-facto source of position, velocity and time information.
• GPS use is widespread:
• Navigation, targeting, guidance, situational awareness, search and rescue, and
synchronisation for communication systems.
• Higher level Defence functions (C4ISR) are fundamentally dependent upon GPS.
• MOD policy requires use of PPS (Military) GPS on operations.
Description:
24+ satellites
Medium Earth Orbit
Orbiting once every 12 hours
Services:
Standard Positioning Service (Civilian) – C/A Code
Precise Positioning Service (Military) – P(Y) Code

Performance
Space, Weight
and Power
Cost
Quantities
Trends for GPS Use in Military Applications
GPS - SPS
4 element
SAS – TRL 8
UBX-G5010
FORETREX 201
Defence Advanced
GPS Rx
GPS Receiver Application
Module Standard Electronic
Module type E
GRAM SEM-E
Ground
Based-GPS
Receiver
Application
Module
GB-GRAM
Spectrum of Defence users
High
Low
Receiver
type
Large Application Type Small
Illustrativeexamplesoftechnology
GPS - PPS
Policy
compliance

Comparison of GPS Characteristics
PPS Military receivers:
 Foundational level of resilience
to jamming
 Known functionality in
operational environments
L Relatively high space and weight
L Relatively high power
consumption
L Crypto overheads
L Long procurement lead-times
SPS Civilian receivers:
L Very little resilience to jamming
L Unknown functionality in
 Relatively low space and weight
 Relatively low power
consumption
 No crypto overheads
 Short procurement lead-times

26 April 2013
GPS – Vulnerability to Jamming
Satellite to GPS Receiver: ~11,000 NM
Satellite Power: nominally
tens of Watts
Jammer Power:
milliWatts to tens of kiloWatts
Jammer (on the
horizon) to the GPS
Receiver: ~20 NM
GPS Signal At the GPS Receiver -
0.0000000000000001 Watt

26 April 2013
Anti-jam Antenna Systems
GAS1 – TRL 9
CRPA - TRL
DACU - TRL
DACU - TRL
4 element
Mini GAS – TRL 3
2 element
Mini GAS – TRL 3
CRPA – TRL 9
7 element
ADAP – TRL 9
4 element
DACU
7-6000
TRL 9
TRL 7/8
Illustrativeexamplesoftechnology
Performance
Space, Weight
and Power
Cost
Spectrum of Defence users
High
Low
Large Application Type Small

Open Signal
GNSS
Anti-Jam Resilience – Schematic Diagram
Civilian
GPS
Navigation
Processor
Antenna
Control
Unit
(ACU)
Inertial
Measurement
Unit
Multi
Element
Antenna
(CRPA)
Position
Velocity
Time
Clocks
Military
GPS
Receiver (?)
L
K

Anticipated Future Receiver Characteristic Reqs
PPS Military receivers provide:
 Foundational level of
resilience to jamming
 Known functionality in
L Relatively high space and weight
L Relatively high power
consumption
L Crypto overheads
L Long procurement times
SPS Civilian receivers provide:
L Little resilience to jamming
L Unknown functionality in
 Relatively low space and weight
 Relatively low power
consumption
 No crypto overheads
 Short procurement times
For wide-ranging space, weight and power limited applications:
Tactical situational awareness, communications systems,
unmanned vehicles, smart munitions, etc

The Robust - Global Navigation System
• Assessment Phase (24-month duration)
– Technology survey
– De-risk technologies for most likely technical solutions
– Capability exploitation study
– Operational Analysis
– System requirements definition
– Capability based competition (autumn ‘14, subject to funding
availability) to advise a Business Case for Demonstration and
Manufacture
MOD equipment projects (especially those facing space, weight
and lower limitations) need an acceptable alternative to highly
vulnerable commercial off the shelf civilian GPS receivers.
Without Commitment
Without Commitment

Submitting a Successful Proposal
Centre for Defence Enterprise (CDE)

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
UNCLASSIFIED / For Public Release
Know what is available

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Read available
information
Including CDE
manuals
Especially Quick Start
Guide
Know what is available

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Ministry of Defence
Developing a CDE proposal

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Value from technology
Innovative
concept
Future
capability
Proof of
concept Incremental development

MOD Performance Assessment Framework
Five criteria:
Operational relevance
Likelihood of exploitation
Builds critical S&T capability to meet UK
needs
Scientific quality/innovation
Science, innovation and technology risk

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Government-furnished X

Proposal health check

Contribution to future benefit

Based on a claim of future benefit
Contribution to realisation of future benefit
Logical programme of work
Evidential outcomes
Demonstration of progress towards goal
Health check

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
This call closes:
17:00 hrs on
Thursday 6 June 2013
Deadline

01235 438445
cde@dstl.gov.uk
www.science.mod.uk/enterprise
Call process queries

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
dstlf&idomain@dstl.gov.uk
Call technical queries

Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
www.science.mod.uk
Events and Calls > Current calls
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Precision Timing and Navigation - CDE themed call launch 23 April 2013

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Precision Timing and Navigation - CDE themed call launch 23 April 2013