2. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
What happens to personality in old age?
Personality traits tend to remain stable in late
adulthood, but cohort differences have been found.
Emotionality tends to become more positive and less
negative in old age, but personality traits can modify
this pattern.
3. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
What are some issues regarding work and retirement
in late life, and how do older adults handle time and
money?
Some older people continue to work for pay, but
most are retired. However, many retired people start
new careers or do part-time paid or volunteer work.
Often retirement is a phased phenomenon.
4. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Age has both positive and negative effects on job
performance, and individual differences are more
significant than age differences.
Older adults tend to be more satisfied with their
work and more committed than younger ones.
5. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
#Retirement is an ongoing process, and its
emotional impact must be assessed in context.
Personal, economic, and social resources, as
well as the length of time a person has been
retired, may affect morale.
6. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Common lifestyle patterns after retirement include
a family-focused lifestyle, balanced investment,
and serious leisure.
7. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
What options for living arrangements do older
adults have?
In developing countries, the elderly often live with
children or grandchildren. In developed countries,
most older people live with a spouse, and a growing
minority live alone.
8. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Minority elders are more likely than white elders
to live with extended family members.
Older women are more likely than older men to
live alone. Most Americans who live alone are
widowed.
9. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Fast-growing alternatives to institutionalization
include assisted-living facilities and other kinds of
group housing.
#Elder abuse is most often suffered by a frail or
demented older person living with a spouse or
child.
10. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
How do personal relationships change in old age,
and what is their effect on well-being?
Relationships are very important to older people,
even though frequency of social contact declines in
old age.
11. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
#Social convoy theory reductions or changes in
social contact in late life do not impair well-being
because a stable inner circle of social support is
maintained.
#Socioemotional selectivity theory older people
prefer to spend time with people who enhance
their emotional well-being.
12. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Social support is associated with good health,
and isolation is a risk factor for mortality.
13. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
How do unmarried older people and those in gay
and lesbian relationships fare?
A small but increasing percentage of adults reach
old age without marrying.
Never-married adults are less likely to be lonely
than divorced or widowed ones.
14. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Older homosexuals, like heterosexuals, have
needs for intimacy, social contact, and generativity.
Many gays and lesbians adapt to aging with
relative ease. Adjustment may be influenced by
coming-out status.
15. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
How does friendship change in old age?
Most older adults have close friends, and those who
do are healthier and happier.
16. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Older people enjoy time spent with friends more
than with family, but the family is the main source
of emotional support.
17. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
How do older adults get along with grown children
and with siblings, and how do they adjust to great-
grandparenthood?
Elderly parents and their adult children frequently
see or contact each other, are concerned about
each other, and offer each other assistance
18. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
In some respects, childlessness does not seem
to be an important disadvantage in old age, but
providing care for infirm elderly people without
children can be a problem.
#physically weak
19. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Often siblings offer each other emotional support,
and sometimes more tangible support as well.
Sisters in particular maintain sibling ties.
20. Some Common Conditions Affecting
Change of Interest In old Age
Great-grandparents are less involved in children's
lives than grandparents, but most find the role
fulfilling.
21. “You do not really understand
something unless you can explain it
to your grandmother.”