Acceptable behaviour? Government intervention on unhealthy foods
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Presentation given by Bobby Duffy, Managing Director, Ipsos MORI Social Research Insititute at the Behavioural Exchange conference 2015.
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Acceptable behaviour? Government intervention on unhealthy foods
- 1. @BXconference #BX2015 Acceptable behaviour? Government intervention on unhealthy foods Bobby Duffy, Ipsos MORI
- 2. Asked people about the acceptability of different types and levels of government intervention on unhealthy foods Updates study run in 2010 Based on an on an online survey of 16,259 across 22 countries Approximately c500 -1,000 individuals participated on a country by country basis, aged up to 64 Conducted 24 July to 7 August 2015 Data are weighted to the population profile of each country The studyโฆ
- 3. We looked at four degrees of Government intervention โ and also asked about interventions in business practice FORCEOF INTERVENTION Informationi Provide information about changing behaviour Incentives Provide incentives to change behaviour ! Restrictions Ban outright Make behaviour more expensive or difficult Ban behaviour Make companies act to change behaviour Companies
- 4. Thinking about what people choose to eat. What, if anything, do you think government should do? Slight shift in opinion from 2010 โ but mostly just all types of intervention being less appealing 2010 53% 60% 88% 82% 90%85% 77% 53% 55% 82% Provide information about healthy eating Provide incentives, such as health food vouchers Make companies promote healthy choices Make unhealthy foods more expensive Ban unhealthy foods Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 and November 2010 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 5. Government should provide information to people on how to eat more healthily Providing information is widely supported โ although still a 20 percentage point rangeโฆ 95% 91% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86% 86% 86% 85% 85% 85% 84% 84% 83% 81% 79% 79% 78% 75% Turkey South Africa Australia Mexico India South Korea Canada Great Britain Brazil Spain Germany Hungary Argentina Italy Russia Poland Belgium Japan Saudi Arabia Sweden USA France I N F O R M AT I O N Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 6. Government should provide incentives, such as money off vouchers for healthy foods to encourage people to eat more healthily Broad support for incentives, but Sweden a very notable exceptionโฆ 89% 87% 85% 85% 84% 84% 84% 83% 81% 79% 76% 76% 76% 76% 72% 72% 72% 66% 66% 66% 44% Mexico Hungary South Africa Brazil India Argentina Italy Saudi Arabia Russia Spain Australia Canada Belgium Poland South Korea Great Britain Germany France Japan USA Sweden I N C E N T I V E S Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 7. Government should introduce laws to make it more expensive to eat unhealthy foods Support decreases for more interventionist policy using price mechanisms, with much wider range between countries (48 ppts) 79% 72% 70% 63% 63% 60% 56% 55% 53% 53% 52% 51% 49% 49% 48% 47% 47% 44% 43% 42% 39% 31% India Turkey Russia Saudi Arabia Mexico Spain Italy Japan Brazil South Africa Argentina Poland Hungary Great Britain South Korea Australia Belgium Sweden Canada Germany France USA R E S T R I C T I O N S Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 8. Government should introduce laws to ban unhealthy foods And there is a massive cultural divide on outright bans: 60ppt range 87% 83% 80% 79% 72% 70% 68% 67% 64% 63% 58% 51% 50% 48% 44% 38% 37% 37% 36% 34% 28% 27% Turkey India Russia South Korea Saudi Arabia Mexico Japan Spain Italy Argentina Poland South Africa Brazil Hungary Germany France Australia Great Britain Canada Belgium USA Sweden B A N O U T R I G H T Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 9. Government should not get involved in what people choose to eat People are not consistent in their views: significant proportions also say that government should not get involved in what people choose to eatโฆ 71% 65% 63% 61% 61% 60% 59% 59% 59% 58% 56% 55% 55% 53% 53% 53% 53% 51% 50% 44% 44% 43% USA Poland Japan Argentina Belgium India Mexico Hungary France Russia Brazil South Africa Spain Turkey Canada Australia Great Britain Italy Sweden Saudi Arabia South Korea Germany N O G O V E R N M E N T I N V O LV E M E N T Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 10. Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor 68% agreed that โgovernment should introduce laws to ban unhealthy foods OR should introduce laws to make it more expensive to make unhealthy foodsโ 56% agreed that โgovernment should not get involved in what people choose to eatโ 35% โฆone third of people agree that both government should not get involved and that they should ban unhealthy food/increase their price
- 11. Government should make food producers and shops promote healthy choices (e.g. through special offers on healthy foods or labelling which makes it clear which food is healthy) Government intervention in business generally popular, less so in the US 95% 88% 88% 87% 86% 86% 86% 85% 85% 84% 84% 84% 83% 82% 82% 81% 80% 79% 77% 74% 70% 62% Turkey India Russia South Africa Brazil Italy Great Britain Mexico France Australia Poland Germany Hungary Argentina Belgium Spain Canada Saudi Arabia Japan Sweden South Korea USA C O M PA N I E S Tend to support / strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 12. What, if anything, do you think government should do? Countries that support price mechanisms also tend to support outright bans โ although some exceptions, eg Sweden and South Korea ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA FRANCE GERMANY UK HUNGARY INDIA ITALY JAPAN MEXICO POLAND RUSSIA SAUDI ARABIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH KOREA SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY UNITED STATES 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% R2 =0.722 PRICE INCREASES BANOUTRIGHT LIBERALISM PATERNALISM Strongly support/tend to support policy Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor
- 13. What, if anything, do you think government should do? Authoritarians and incentivisers โ some correlation although some clear preferences between cultures ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BELGIUM BRAZIL CANADAFRANCE GERMANY UK HUNGARY INDIA ITALYJAPAN MEXICO POLAND RUSSIA SAUDI ARABIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH KOREA SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY UNITED STATES 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% R2 =0.341 BANNING OVER INCENTIVES INCENTIVES OVER BANNING Tend to support/strongly support Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor PRICE INCREASES BANOUTRIGHT
- 14. Government should introduce laws to ban unhealthy foods Prevalence of obesity does not appear at all related to support for banning unhealthy foods R2 = 0.60 ARGENTINA AUSTRALIABELGIUM BRAZIL CANADA FRANCE GERMANY UK HUNGARY INDIA ITALY JAPAN MEXICO POLAND RUSSIA SAUDI ARABIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH KOREA SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY UNITED STATES 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor PRICE INCREASES BANOUTRIGHT
- 15. Government should introduce laws to ban unhealthy foods Countries with a higher inequality of power more supportive of prohibitive legislation Base: c.500 - 1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor; Hofstede Cultural Dimensions INDIA RUSSIA TURKEY MEXICOITALY SOUTH KOREA POLAND ARGENTINA BRAZIL JAPAN SOUTH AFRICA HUNGARY CANADA SPAIN AUSTRALIA FRANCE BELGIUM UK GERMANY SWEDEN UNITED STATES 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 R2 = 0.5369 POWER DISTANCE INDEX STRONGLYSUPPORT/TENDTOSUPPORT
- 16. Public acceptability and permission are key challenges for the application of behavioural science in public policy Survey provides encouragement โ and cause for caution/need for nuance Relatively widespread support for government intervention โ maybe more than would expect? โฆbut this varies significantly between countries: cultural context important โฆand it doesnโt mean people are consistent: we can hold contradictory views as individuals as much as in aggregate - doesnโt devalue opinion, need sensitive, tailored response Conclusions Base: c.1,000 residents aged 16-64 (18-64 in the US and Canada) in each country, August 2015 | Source: Ipsos Global @dvisor and DWP