Here are some key metrics that can be used to measure modern best practices in sustainable agriculture: - Environmental impact metrics: Amount of synthetic pesticides/fertilizers used, soil health/quality, water usage and quality, biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, etc. - Public health metrics: Presence of toxic residues on food, antibiotic/hormone use in livestock, air and water pollution levels near farms, health and safety of farmworkers, etc. - Economic metrics: Farm profitability and viability, percentage of income spent on external inputs, job creation, contribution to local economy, resilience to market fluctuations, etc. - Social metrics: Access to healthy/affordable food, community engagement/support

1. Arnesh
Sharma
Computer
Engineer
MBA,
NITIE
Mumbai
Balaji G
Chemical
Engineer
MBA,
NITIE
Mumbai
Manish
Singh
Mechanical
Engineer
MBA,
NITIE
Mumbai
Rajat
Thakur
Electronics
Engineer
MBA,
NITIE
Mumbai
Vigneshwaran
G
Bio-Technologist
MBA,
NITIE
Mumbai
Team Pragati - NITIE, Mumbai
Sowing Prosperity: Boosting
Agricultural productivity

2. Food & Agriculture : Rising Demand & Problems In Supply
Key Take Away Key Take Away
• Global Middle Class will grow by 3bn people by the next 20 year
• Rising Income in India will drive Food Consumption
• Inflation in agriculture commodities serve as inflation hedge
• World Population projected to reach 9bn by 2050.Gobal Food
production need to be increased by as much as 70%
• USA, Indian & China alone comprise of >40 % of the global
population and arable land is decreasing in all 3 countries
The problems persist as the supply side is not able to match the increasing rate of demand by
the Indian population.

3. Agricultural Productivity : Factors
• Population & Income growth
• Increasing exports
• Favourable demographics
• Growing Institutional Credit
• Increasing MSPs
• Introduction of new Schemes
• Genetically modified seeds
• Irrigational facilities
• Green Revolution in India
Productivity
Demand Side Factors Supply Side Factors Policy Factors
 Size of India’s seed industry was about USD1.6 billion
(estimate) in FY10
 Strong growth in the use of hybrid seeds due to their
high yield and resistance
 In FY12, production of certified seeds increased to
2.84 million tonnes from 1.27 million tonnes in FY07
 Usage of hybrid seeds has boosted the yield of food
grains to 2,059 kg/ hectare in FY12 from 1,023 kg/
hectare in FY81

4. Our Country India
Requires a Clear Strategy
to improve Agriculture….
Agricultural
Biotechnology
Strategy for Sowing Prosperity:
Boosting agricultural productivity
Genetic Modification in Specific
Crop characteristics

5. Proposed Model for Agricultural Productivity and its Impacts
Multi-enterprise Agriculture Model

6. Screening/ enhancing current
high-throughput methods to
distinguish between varieties
Methodology to assist
industry and government
regulators in regulatory
requirements
Designing tools to assess the
environmental impact of GM
crops
Methods for assessing
changes to plant composition
and metabolism that occur
due to genetic modification
GM crop reference materials
and standards for validation
purposes at accredited
laboratories
Designing faster and cost-
effective methods for specific
and sensitive detection of one
or multiple GM crops
Reliable methods for
quantification of crops with
single or multiple gene
inserts
Plan -The Pre implementation Phase
Fault tree/
Event Tree
IAU,IARI,
ICGEB etc
IBSC,RCGM
,GEAC etc

7. Four sub units : one each
for vegetables, fruits,
cereals and Edible oils
At least 3 trans-generic
Research Centers
supporting each sub unit
Check and Act- Correct & Monitor
Tracking methodologies that
could be incorporated into
the plant (e.g. a plant DNA ID
tag)
Regular updating of
Regulations and pre planning
strategy from the outcome of
monitoring
Monitoring for each sub
unit must be done under
the surveillance of 3 Trans-
Generic Research Centers
Efficiently draw upon, and
contribute to, plant
genomic, proteomic, and
metabolomic databases
CTRI,CSMB
etc.
Do- Implement the Plan

8. Challenges- Handling the Myths
Challenges- Implementation difficulties
• Superbugs or weeds
• Uncertainty in future
• Damage to Biodiversity
• Kill certain organisms
• Corporate control
• Terms of trade
• High Cost
• Limited Choice
Social Political
Agricu
ltural
Environ
mental
Properly identifying the
stakeholders and
Strengthening them through
consultation System
Risk assessment procedures
are still in a stage of
development
Segregation and testing to
ensure compliance is a great
challenge under Indian
conditions
Labelling of packaged
genetically modified food in
absence of proper
quantification techniques
Monitoring to compensate
for deficiencies that will only
be rectified through longer
term

9. Mitigation- Ways to counter challenges
The GEAC to be revamped. Its
members to include a range
of scientists from diverse
fields, NGOs, Civil Society etc
that touch upon agriculture,
environment and ecosystems
Long-term vision document,
to be discussed in a public
forum including all
stakeholders, before any
steps are taken on GM crops.
Long-term environmental
and ecological studies on the
impact of GM crops both on
agro ecosystems and natural
ecosystems
The Regulatory system
should have definite and
unambiguous penalty
provisions to be applied in
the case of violations
Standardised framework for
the monitoring of GM crops
and for risk assessment.
Independent scientific
experts not working on GM
crops must monitor field
trials of GM crops
Put on hold the release of
GM crops until its regulatory
procedure is demonstrably
more competent and
transparent
Clear cut policy on the
protection of Centres of
Origin and Diversity
Public discussion on the risks
and benefits of the proposed
crop and the traits that are to
be deployed
Data obtained from field
trials of GM crops must be
made available to the public

10. Increased Crop
Productivity
Enhanced crop
protection
Improvements
in food
processing
Improved
nutritional
value
Better flavour
Fresher
produce
Environmental
benefits
Criteria to measure impact of solution
Appropriate Monitoring Mechanism
National Biotech
Development
Strategy
Department of
Biotechnology
Ministry of
Environment and
forest
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of Health
and Welfare
National Biotech
Regulatory
Authority
Biotechnology
Industry Research
Assistance Council

11. Scalability of the solution
Plant Biotechnology Trade and Protection
Field testing of Biotech Crops
Seed Policy
Seed
Pricing/Technology Fee
Regulatory Framework
Food Policy
Food labelling
Cartagena Protocol
and international
agreements
Trade Policy Marketing Issues
Linking
agriculture,growth
and nutrition
Sustainability of the solution

12. Annexures/ References

13. Implementation of the Solution

15. Gene gun

16. Transformation by Gene gun

18. Control
Flaver Saver

19. Daffodils
Erwinia bacteria
Genes
Plasmids Agrobacteria
Kernel Hull
Embryo
Provitamin A
producing rice
embryo
1
2 3 4
Locally
important varieties

21. ß-carotene rich Mustard oil

23. Impact of the Proposed Solution

29. Source : MoEF

31. Model is
for 2.0
hectare
land with
the
following
enterprises
Agriculture crop production on 0.8 ha area
Dairy farming on 0.4 ha area for raising fodder, keeping 4 buffaloes and their followers and
gobar gas plan
Horticulture for raising fruit trees and vegetables on an area of 0.2ha
Vegetables on 0.2 ha
Floriculture on 0.2 ha
Fish farming, bee keeping, and mushroom on an area of 0.2 ha
Results
So Far
Net profit from Rice-wheat rotation was Rs. 39,400 per ha with B:C ratio of 1.70
Vegetable based crop rotations gave maximum profits. Net profit of Rs. 80,000 per ha was obtained with bottle gourd (ghia)-cauliflower rotation
with B:C ratio of 1.90
Forage based crop rotations like maize-maizeberseem and sorghum-berseem/oat provided net profit of Rs. 59,000 and Rs.40,000 per ha
respectively with B:C ratio of 2.98 and 2.91, respectively. The profitability from fodder production can be further improved with the introduction of
livestock.
The dung from 4 buffaloes is sufficient to produce gobar gas that can be used for cooking food for 7-8 family members. During a period of three
months, sale of milk fetched Rs. 35,000 i.e. daily income of about Rs. 400 only
Floriculture (gladiolus and marigold) seemed to be promising enterprise. However, benefits will be governed by processing and marketing facilities
Baby corn was also promising cash crop and becomes ready for sale within 60 days. After removing baby corn-cobs, the plant can be used as
palatable fodder. There is marketing problem in small towns like Karnal but is in great demand in big towns having bigger hotels and restaurants
Bee keeping proved a good enterprise as total revenue generated from honey production from 25 boxes was Rs.40,000, in six months period. This
enterprise can be blended with any other farming capsule
A profit of Rs. 15,000 was obtained in a year from the sale of fish raised in 0.2 ha fish pond. The dykes of fishpond were planted with fruit trees like
banana, guava, amla and karonda.
Vegetables like bottle gourd, bitter gourd, lady’s finger and palak etc were planted in the interspaces amongst fruit trees. Vegetables worth Rs 200-
300 were sold weekly. Seasonal flowers like gladiolus, marigold and chrysanthemum can also be raised
Gobar gas plant and solar heater are also being blended in the system

32. Modern Best Practices and How to measure them???

33. Sustainable Agriculture
In simplest terms, sustainable agriculture is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the
environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare. This form of agriculture enables us to produce healthful food without compromising
future generations' ability to do the same.
The primary benefits of sustainable agriculture are:
• Environmental Preservation
– Sustainable farms produce crops and raise animals without relying on toxic chemical pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified seeds, G or practices that degrade
soil, water, or other natural resources. By growing a variety of plants and using techniques such as crop rotation, conservation tillage, and pasture-based livestock
husbandry G, sustainable farms protect biodiversity and foster the development and maintenance of healthy ecosystems.
• Protection of Public Health
– Food production should never come at the expense of human health. Since sustainable crop farms avoid hazardous pesticides, they're able to grow fruits and vegetables
that are safer for consumers, workers, and surrounding communities. Likewise, sustainable livestock farmers and ranchers raise animals without dangerous practices like
use of nontherapeutic antibiotics G or arsenic-based growth promoters. Through careful, responsible management of livestock waste, sustainable farmers also protect
humans from exposure to pathogens, toxins, and other hazardous pollutants.
• Sustaining Vibrant Communities
– A critical component of sustainable agriculture is its ability to remain economically viable, providing farmers, farmworkers, food processors, and others employed in the
food system with a livable wage and safe, fair working conditions. Sustainable farms also bolster local and regional economies, creating good jobs and building strong
communities.
• Upholding Animal Welfare
– Sustainable farmers and ranchers treat animals with care and respect, implementing livestock husbandry practices that protect animals' health and wellbeing. By raising
livestock on pasture, these farmers enable their animals to move freely, engage in instinctive behaviors, consume a natural diet, and avoid the stress and illness associated
with confinement.
Industrial Agriculture
Unfortunately, most food produced in the US is no longer grown or raised on sustainable farms. During the mid-1900s, US agriculture began to industrialize,
becoming increasingly mechanized and reliant upon resource-intensive inputs like synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Over time, farms became larger,
more specialized, and centralized, creating a process of extreme consolidation that drove many small farms out of business, and ultimately resulted in market
control by a handful of powerful corporations.
Although industrial agriculture now produces great quantities of food at low prices, it is able to do so only by implementing practices that threaten the
environment, human health, rural communities, and animal welfare.
• Industrial Crop Production
– Today, industrial crops are produced on huge monocrop Gfarms, which rely extensively on chemical pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and genetically modified crop
varieties. These practices deplete and degrade soil, reduce biodiversity, G and generate air and water pollutants that degrade the environment and threaten the health of
farmworkers, neighbors, and consumers.
• Industrial Livestock Production
– The majority of meat, eggs, and dairy products are now produced on enormous industrial livestock facilities. Also known as factory farms or CAFOs (concentrated animal
feeding operations G), these facilities confine thousands (and, in some cases, hundreds of thousands) of animals in cramped conditions without access to the outdoors. In
addition to compromising animal welfare, factory farms generate a huge amount of waste, which pollutes air, water, and soil, degrading the natural environment and
threatening public health.
• A Sustainable Food Future
– Although industrial agriculture currently dominates the US food system, public awareness of the problems caused by this model has grown rapidly, building extensive
support for sustainable agriculture, creating a robust market for sustainable foods, and inspiring formidable demand for agricultural policy and regulatory reform.