1. Course: Theory of Second
Language Acquisition
Lecturer: Dr. Nasiruddin Sainu
Material: Speech Development
And Speech Impairments
Presenter: Agussatriana

2. SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
AND SPEECH
IMPAIRMENTS
The Development of Speech
Production
Definition and Information about
Speech Impairments in Children

3. The Development of Speech
Learning to Say Word
accurately
Children follow similar pattern
The development start at 12-15
months

4. Steps of Speech Pattern of
Children Speech Development
1
• Speech Pattern in Two-Years
Old
2
• Speech Pattern of Three Years
Old
3
• Speech Pattern of Four to Five
Years Old

5. Speech Patters in Two Years
Old
 50 words in their spoken
 Begin to use combination words
 Miss off the last consonant of a
word
 Miss off the last sounds in
consonant cluster
 Word with two syllables
consonant and vowel are repeated
 Most of sound are voiced

6. Speech Patters of Three Years
Old
 Consonant clusters still
sometimes reduced
 The sounds ‘th’, ‘sh’, ‘zh’, ‘ch’, ‘j’
and ‘r’ might still be missing

7. Speech Patters of Four to Five
Years Old
 children start school between the
ages of 4 and 5 they will have acquired
they will have acquired most speech
sounds, and are rarely unintelligible
 Children with delayed speech
development at age 4 or 5 continue to
use the patterns that two- and three-
year-olds use.
 Their vocabularies are likely to be
more extensive

8. Development of speech from age two to
seven years: typical error patterns
1
• Error patterns found in normally developing children that involve
missing (deleting) sounds from words or syllables
2
• Common error patterns found in typically developing children where a
sound in a word is influenced by another sound in that word
3
• Common error patterns found in typically developing children affecting
place of articulation
4
• Common error patterns found in typically developing children affecting
manner of articulation
5
• Combinations of speech patterns in typical development
6
• Ages by which speech sounds are usually present

9. Speech Impairments
Phonological impairments
Other types of speech impairment
Literacy and the development of
phonological awareness

10. Phonological Impairments
• Can you stand up? >> tan you dand up?
Phonological delay: developmental
error patterns used consistently
• Up >> ut
Phonological disorder: unusual
patterns used consistently
• Hello >> ello
Phonological disorder: inconsistent
speech patterns

11. Other Types of Speech
Impairments
Articulation
Disorders
Developmental
verbal dyspraxia
(DVD)

12. Articulation Disorder
 One in 12 has a specific problem
with the articulation of one or more
Sounds.
 These are often the fricatives and
approximants.
 Have a specific difficulty with
learning to say the ‘l’ or ‘r’ sound.
 Children with phonological
impairments may have articulation
problems.

13. Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia
(DVD)
 Characterized by specific difficulties
in planning organizing and sequencing
the movements required for speech
 The disorder is uncommon, and
teaching staff will rarely meet children
with this type of speech impairment.

14. Literacy and the Development of
Phonological Awareness
Phonological Awareness
Development of
Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness
in the child with a
phonological impairment

15. Wassalamualaikum
Warahmatullahi
Wabarakatuh