Presented by Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne at the Humidtropics Capacity Development Workshop, Nairobi, 29 April–2 May 2014

1. Prioritising interventions in the Humidtropics
using EXTRAPOLATE
Humidtropics capacity development workshop,
Nairobi, 29 April – 2 May 2014
http://humidtropics.cgiar.org/
Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne

2. Biophysical Socio-cultural Economic Institutional Political
R4D and
Innovation Platforms
SRT 1
• Situational analysis
• Baselines & typologies
• Entry points
• Global synthesis
SRT 2
• Policies, markets and institutions
• Productivity
• NRM
SRT 3
• Institutional innovation capacity
• Responsible scaling
Globalsynthesisandlearning
Entry points
SRT 1 in Context
External environment
Selected interventions

3. 1.1 Situation
analysis
1.2 Baseline
& typologies
1.3 Entry
points
1.4 Global
synthesis
Objective: To identify a
sequence of entry points at a
range of scales and levels
focusing on farming systems
productivity, gender, markets,
natural resource
management, policy and
institutions.
Systems Analysis and Global Synthesis
Entry points

4. • Multidimensional in nature
• Three ways to achieve that
• Interventions that target system
components – with a view to the
wider consequences
• Interventions targetting integration
specifically – e.g. crop-livestock
interactions, intercropping
• Combinations of interventions
targetting systems performance –
accounting for tradeoffs and
synergies
Terminology
Entry point
Intervention
Best-bet
Best-fit
Entry points
What are
‘system-level’
entry points?

5. Slow track: systems analysis of
detailed household data; systems
optimisation
Fast track: PRA approaches; ex-ante
analysis
• EXTRAPOLATE: Ex-ante tool for ranking
(policy) alternatives
• RAAIS: Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural
Innovation Systems
Entry points

6. • We are trying to understand how we get from an ‘entry point’ or ‘intervention’
of some sort (e.g. policy, institutional, technical) to an impact on the
livelihoods of stakeholders (as measured by IDO indicators).
• To do this we break the pathway of impact down:
Intervention
Constraints
Outcomes
Stakeholder
What are we trying to address?

7. • Designed for policy interventions (PPLPI) but equally applicable
to technical and systems interventions
• Simple PC-based programme
• Promotes a participatory approach – R4D / innovation platforms
• Easy to use, well documented
• User Guide
• Reference Manual
• Not data-intensive
• Simple graphic output
• Can evaluate different combinations of policies
• Can be used at a range of levels
EXTRAPOLATE

8. EXTRAPOLATE

9. Elements
• Stakeholders (with livelihood scores)
• Outcomes
• Constraints
• Entry Points (interventions)
Linkages
• Impact (-5 to +5)
• outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods
• constraints on outcomes
• entry points on constraints
• Relevance (0 to 9)
• relevance of constraints to stakeholders
• relevance of entry points to outcomes
EXTRAPOLATE: Elements and links

10. EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation

11. c2
c3
c1
s1 s2 s3
Score: 1 to 9
8 0 5
o2
o3
o1
s1 s2 s3
c2
c3
c1
o1 o2 o3
EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation
Score: -5 to +5

12. EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions

13. e2
e3
e1
o1 o2 o3
Score: 1 to 9
0 9 1
Score: -5 to +5
e2
e3
e1
c1 c2 c3
EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions

14. Interventions People’s
livelihoods
EXTRAPOLATE

15. Policy analysis
• Analyse the effects of existing
policies on different groups of
producers and consumers
• Predict the impact of changing
institutional and market
environments on existing policy
outcomes
• Predict the impact of policy
changes on different groups of
livestock producers and
consumers

16. The challenge for dairy policy in Uganda
• To ensure that smallholders’
constraints are addressed
• policies based on equity, rather
than just on profitability
• To ensure that marginalized
groups are represented
• addressing the needs of the
informal sector

17. Dairy development policy: Uganda
• Promote genetic improvement
• Strengthen delivery of veterinary services
• Provide appropriate extension services
• Improved market infrastructure and information
• Ensure quality control along the chain
• Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market
• Promote efficiency in the input supply system
• Increased access to credit facilities
Proposed components of policy:

18. EXTRAPOLATE – analysis tools
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists
Small processors & traders
Poor consumers
Wealthy producers/processors/consumers

19. Promote genetic improvement
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists

20. Enforce quality control
Small-medium producers
Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists

21. Optimal combination of policies

22. Key elements of a pro-poor policy
• Promote genetic improvement
• Strengthen delivery of veterinary services
• Provide appropriate extension services
• Improved market infrastructure and information
• Ensure quality control along the chain
• Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market
• Promote efficiency in the input supply system
• Increased access to credit facilities

23. Key elements of a pro-poor policy
• This does NOT mean that genetic improvement and
standards/regulation should be discouraged or dropped from
the policy document
• Rather that when these broad policy outcomes are
disaggregated into their component parts (laws, strategies,
institutions etc.) care needs to be taken to ensure that the
poorer producers are not disadvantaged, and that their needs
are also addressed

24. The process
• Define stakeholders
• Assign livelihoods
• List constraints
• Identify outcomes
• Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods
• Impact of constraints on outcomes
• Relevance of constraints to stakeholders
• Identify interventions (entry points)
• Impact of interventions on constraints
• Relevance of interventions to outcomes

25. Where are with EXTRAPOLATE
• Adapted EXTRAPOLATE to the Humidtropics
• Initial training and workshop for W. Kenya Action Site (Kisumu, Nov 2013)
• Conducted a training for trainers (Zanzibar, Mar 2014)
• L&F Tanzania (Dairy VC)
• L&F Uganda (Pig VC)
• Humidtropics – W. Kenya Action Site
• Humidtropics – Uganda Action Site
• Humidtropics – Ethiopia Action Site
• Initial training and workshop for Uganda Action Site (Kampala, May
2014)
• Develop training materials (May-Sep 2014)
• Develop software, including facilities for translation – Vietnamese,
French (May-Sep 2014)
• Introduce to three Action Sites in the C. Mekong (Oct-Dec 2014)