GI2012 christl-keynote arnulf-christl-open_data-licensing

OSGeo, FOSS, OSM &
OSLicensing (ODbL)

Arnulf Christl
OSGeo President

The 12th Saxonian GIS-Forum

Arnulf Christl
Geospatial Systems Architect at metaspatial.
● President of OSGeo
● OGC Architecture Board Member
● OpenStreetMap Advocate
Founder of several companies and initiatives,
provides consulting for SDI and travels a lot.

The 12th Saxonian GISForum
The 12th Saxonian GISForum OSGeo Professional Open Source 2 / 48
2 / 42

A perspective on:
Open Source Geospatial
Free Software Licenses
Open Source Development
OpenStreetMap
Open Database Licensing
The 12th Saxonian GIS-Forum OSGeo - Professional Open Source 3/40

Agenda

 What is OSGeo?
 What is FOSS?
 What is OSM?
 What is special about
Open Data Licensing (ODbL)?

This presentation is available for download at http://arnulf.us/Publications


Let us put some
Order into Chaos

...and make things clear


Part I

What is OSGeo?


Using Open Source?

Yes, … but:

Anybody can call anything "Open Source"

And a name does not automagically
make better software!


Quality Open Source

Open Source Geospatial Foundation

http://www.osgeo.org

Your Open Source Compass
...organizes spatial IT


The OSGeo Foundation

 OSGeo is a global non-profit organization
founded in February 2006
 Leading voice for
Geospatial Open Source
 Structure similar to the Apache Foundation
 Volunteer based
 Funded by sponsorship


OSGeo's Mission

Support and promote
the highest quality
Open Source
Geospatial Software


OSGeo's Goals
 Provide resources for FOSS4G projects:
 Infrastructure
 Legal http://www.osgeo.org
 Financial
 Promote free and open geospatial data
 Create and maintain a quality brand
 Create and promote free curriculum
 Promote and contribute to standards


OSGeo's Structure
Charter Members vote
Board of 9 Directors
and President Officers
Officers
25 Officers

represent

Committees
Committees
Committees
Committees
Committees
Committees Local
Local
Chapters
Local Foundation
Chapters
Local
Chapters Projects
Local
Chapters
Chapters

125 Charter Members elected by Membership Sponsors


Activities
 Support FOSS4G on a global scale
 Support local activities and capacities
 Facilitate inter-project communication
 Build a solid market for businesses and users
 Interface with industry and business
 Support the education of domain experts not
«brand-specialists»
 Many more...


Part II

What is Free Software (licensing)?


Free Software Licensing
 Not as in "free beer"
but as in free speech
 You are free to:
 use it anywhere for any purpose
 understand and improve it
 adjust it to suit your needs
 collaborate with anybody else


Proprietary Licenses
 You are not allowed to copy
 You are not allowed to modify
 You are not allowed to give away
 You are not allowed to improve
 You are not allowed to install
 You are not allowed to share

 You are not allowed to...

...another cartoon by Nina Paley: Terms of Services!


Free Software is a legal
licensing model (a vaccine)
protecting your interests.
The opposite is proprietary
software protecting only the
vendor's interests.

Nota bene:
"commercial software" is a
frequently used misnomer.

FOSS Licenses
 Clear BSD License
 GNU General Public License (GPL), Version 3
 GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), Version 3
 Apache License, Version 2.0
 Modified BSD license
 FreeBSD license
 Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0
 XFree86 1.1 License
 etc.
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses


 Not as in "free beer"

!
but as in free speech
 You are free to:
d
use it anywhere for ee purpose


n t it
any

rayour needs
 understand and improve

u awith anybody else
adjust it to suit

G
collaborate


Part III

What is Open Source (development)?


Software Development

Problem is identified

Software development team
Solves the problem

Publish Software (or Code)

Software users have new
requirements, find bugs

Code is improved

new version is released


Overall Revenue in IT

Less than 10% of revenue in IT is
generated through selling software
usage licenses.

(i.e. by restricting copying)

Read http://arnulf.us/Cadastre for more details


Why does it Work?

 Because there is a need for
software
 Because there is a community
 Because we are all connected
(through the Internet)


Part IV

What is OpenStreetMap?


OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap is
a community project to
create a free editable
map of the
world


How does it Work?

Maps are created using data from
 portable satellite navigation devices
(aka GPS)
 aerial photography
 other free sources
 local knowledge


Why does it Work?

 Because there is a need for
free map data
 Because there is a community
 Because we are all connected
(through the Internet)

(a lot of experience comes from the Open Source movement)


Part V

How to License Geospatial Data?


How is OSM licensed?
Since the beginning of the project
 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0
Then over three years a major change was initiated which
lead to a completely new license:
Since April 1st 2012:
 Open Database License (OBbL)
st
The data which was committed until 2012 March 31 is still,
and will forever be available under the CC license.
http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/


ODbL


OBbL – Rights (human readable version)

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/summary/


OBbL – Duties (human readable version)


Major Changes
Major changes apply to Produced Work and
Derivative Databases.
 Produced Work does not have to be published under the
ODbL but reasonable attribution has to be added
 On "request" the Derivative Database used to create the
Produced Work have to be conveyed to the requester
 or, the processes which lead to the Derivative Database have
to be conveyed to the requester
 There is an exception for Collective Databases which do not
have to be published under the ODbL (except for the parts
which already are licensed under the ODbL)


Derivative Databases
4.6 Access to Derivative Databases. If You Publicly Use a Derivative
Database or a Produced Work from a Derivative Database, You
must also offer to recipients of the Derivative Database or
Produced Work a copy in a machine readable form of:
a. The entire Derivative Database; or
b. A file containing all of the alterations made to the Database or the
method of making the alterations to the Database (such as an
algorithm), including any additional Contents, that make up all the
differences between the Database and the Derivative Database.
The Derivative Database (under a.) or alteration file (under b.)
must be available at no more than a reasonable production cost
for physical distributions and free of charge if distributed over the
internet.


Dispute
 There was a long discussion about usefulness
and harm of the ODbL introduction .
 It was never closed.
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Open_Data_License/Why_You_Should_Decline

Open questions:
 What license can the public administration use?
 What does "Commercial Use" mean?
 What is the way forward for INSPIRE?


The Solution

Public Domain
Commons
CC0


Thank you for
your Attention!

The annual Conference on
Free and Open Source Software
With friendly support by: for Geospatial

http://www.metaspatial.net Copyright: Arnulf Christl, metaspatial. This
slide set is copyrighted to the commons


INSPIRE (and PSI)
 How is the data released through INSPIRE
licensed?
Open questions:
 What is the meaning of
Public Sector Information (PSI)?
 How can geospatial PSI be used?
 What license can the public administration use?
 What does "Commercial Use" mean?
 What is the way forward for INSPIRE?


Copying is not Theft
There is a big difference between material theft
and digital copying.
We have difficulties understanding this because
we are material.
But our Mind is not entirely material, therefore we
can understand.

A great 60 second cartoon by Nina Paley:
Copying is not Theft.


References
 OSGeo Foundation website: http://www.osgeo.org
 Wiki: http://wiki.osgeo.org
 Open Source: http://producingoss.org by Karl Fogel
 OpenStreetMap: http://www.openstreetmap.org/
 A note on Copyright: http://arnulf.us/Seven:Copyrights
 The ODbL http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/
 OSM Dispute: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Open_Data_License/Why_You_Should_Decline
 Lawyer talk: http://www.ifross.org/ifross_html/home2_2009.html

This presentation is available for download at http://arnulf.us/Publications


GI2012 christl-keynote arnulf-christl-open_data-licensing

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