Quick Doctor In Kuwait +2773`7758`557 Kuwait Doha Qatar Dubai Abu Dhabi Sharj...
Â
Sterilization, Disinfection and Disinfectants
1. âŤŘ¨ŘłŮ ا اŮŘąŘ٠٠اŮŘąŘŮŮ âŹ
STERILIZATION
Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
Dept. of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University
Tripoli - Libya
2. ?What is Sterilization
⢠The removal of all forms of living
material.
⢠Important: First Objects to Be
Sterilized Should Be Cleaned by
Washing.
3. METHODS OF STERILIZATION
1. DRY HEAT
â Red Heat
â Hot - Air Oven:
⢠160o/ 60 minutes
⢠180o/ 20 minutes
2. MOIST HEAT:
â Tyndallization: > 100oC/ 30 minutes
On 3 Consecutive Days.
â The Autoclave: > Pressurized Steam.
⢠121oC/ 1.1 bar for 15 minutes.
⢠134oC/ 2.2 bar for 3 minutes.
4.
5.
6. ⢠TESTS FOR AUTOCLAVE FUNCTION
â The Bowie-Dick Autoclave Tape Test:
â Browne's Tubes:
â Automatic Controls or Pen Records:
â Bacteriological Tests (Spore Tests):
7. ⢠2. IRRADIATION
⢠i. Ultra - Violet Radiation (UV):
â a. Not Recommended.
â b. Poor penetration in Air.
â c. Suitable to Reduce Microbial Counts
in Safety Cabinets.
⢠ii. Gamma - Ray Radiation
â Source: Cobalt 60.
â a. Lethal to All Forms of Microbial
Life.
â b. Used Commercially.
8. ⢠3. FILTRATION
â Bacterial Stopping Filters.
⢠4. GASES
⢠i. Ethylene Oxide Gas:
â a. Ventilators.
â b. Toxic & Explodes When Mixed
with Air.
⢠ii. Formaldehyde:
â a. Rooms and Lab. Cabinets.
9. ⢠5. LIQUIDES:
â Disinfectants.
⢠i. Glutaraldehyde:
â a. Sterilizing Heat Sensitive Pieces
of Equipments.
10. Forms of Sterilization by Heat and Principle Uses.
_______________________________________________________________
Type of Heat
Use
_______________________________________________________________
DRY:
1. Red Heat.
Microbiological Loops. Incineration of Used
Lab. Culture Plates.
2. Hot - Air Oven.
Many Surgical & Dental Instruments but
Not
Fabrics or Rubber.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOIST:
1. Steam at 100oC
On 3 Consecutive Days.
2. Pressurized
Steam (Autoclave).
Some Bacteriological Media.
Most Surgical and Dental Instruments,
Fabrics & Dressings (If Wrapped); Most
Microbiological Media & Glassware.
_______________________________________________________________
11. Heat Content of Water and Steam
_______________________________________
Phase
Temp.
Heat Content (kJ/kg)
of
oC
Sensible Latent
Total
Water
Heat
Heat
Heat
----------------------------------------------------------------Liquid
100
419
0
419
Vapour 100
419
2257
2676
Vapour 121
509
2199
2708
Vapour 135
567
2160
2727
_______________________________________
12. ⢠PROPERTIES OF STEAM
â i. Moisture content
â ii. Heat content
â iii. Penetration
13. PRESSURE STEAM STERILIZERS
1. Porous Load Sterilizers (Prevacuum type):
⢠Removal of air and heating of the chamber.
⢠Sterilization of the load.
⢠Removal of steam and drying of the load by
mechanical evacuation.
⢠Admission of filtered air to restoration
atmospheric pressure.
14. 2. Downward Displacement Jacketed
Sterilizers:
⢠Gradual displacement of air by incoming
steam while the chamber is heated to the
selected sterilizing temp.
⢠Sterilization of the textile packs for
30 min/ 121oc.
⢠Drying of the load by partial vacuum.
⢠Restoration of the chamber to
atmospheric pressure.
15. 3. Unwrapped Instrument and Utensil
Sterilizers:
⢠DSL autoclaves
4. Fluid Sterilizers:
⢠e.g. water, iv solutions, etc.
16. ⢠Factors influencing sterilization
time for fluids:
â rate of heating of the chamber:
â type of container:
â viscosity of the liquid:
â volume of the liquid:
â trapped air:
17. "âŤ"بس٠ا اŮŘąŘ٠٠اŮŘąŘŮŮ âŹ
DISINFECTION AND DISINFECTANTS
Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
Dept. of Medical Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Fateh University
Tripoli - Libya
18. Disinfection
⢠The removal of most of the
pathogenic microorganism, but
often non-pathogenic or resistant
forms of pathogens remain.
19. Methods of Disinfection
⢠A. Cleaning
⢠Instruments with high risk organic
material >>
⢠Treat with strong disinfectant >>
Cleaning >> Sterile or dispose of.
20. B. Disinfection by Heat
i. Pasteurization
ii. Boiling water
iii. Flaming off alcohol
C. Physical Methods
⢠Ultrasonics
Ultrasonic vibration >
Disrupte microorganisms
e.g. Ultrasonic scalers.
21. D. Chemical Disinfectants
Denaturing protein or lipid
Act: Disrupting the biosynthetic pathways
I. Phenols
â˘
â˘
â˘
â˘
Clear phenolic solutions:
Black and White Phenolic Compounds:
Chloroxylenol: (Dettol)
Hexachlorophane: Pre-operative scrub
23. III. Aldehydes
⢠Formaldehyde
⢠Gluteraldehyde
⢠Alcohol
-----------------------
Antiseptics
⢠Are bacteriostatic agents that can
be used on skin and mucosal
surfaces.
26. ⢠Factors Affecting the Effectiveness
of Disinfectants:
⢠Tests of the Proper Functioning of
Liquid Disinfectants:
" In-use" Tests.
27. Storage of Sterile Instruments
⢠Never store instruments in liquid
disinfectants.
Waste Disposal
Special Problems
⢠HBV, HCV and HIV (AIDS)
28. Sterilization and Disinfection
in Dentistry
⢠Sterilization >>> Autoclave.
⢠Dental instruments can and should be
autoclaved after each patient.
⢠Nozzles of air and water spray: ??