VULCAN Series A2ST Advanced Alumina Support Technology

Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
VULCAN Series A2
ST Advanced Alumina Support
Technology
HIGH PURITY ALUMINA CATALYST SUPPORTS
Manufactured By
CAMChem Crown Advanced Material Co.

Table of contents
GBHE A2
ST Introduction 1
Product range 2
Process controls 3
Product TDS 4
CAMChem profile 5

GBHE A2
ST: Introduction
Mass transfer processes play an important role in the chemical and
petrochemical industry, in the oil and gas processing industry as well as in
environmental technology.
Supports and bed hold down media are often used in conjunction with packed
beds of catalyst and absorbents in syn gas plants.
These supports and hold down materials can come in a variety of shapes and
sizes dependent upon the application. GBHE A2
ST typical offering would be the
supply of inert material, either as a high purity alumina or an alumino-silicate, the
choice of which is dependent upon the reactor/converter conditions and gas
compositions. Both of these materials are considered inert and do not participate
in the reactions occurring within the vessel.
Support media requirements will vary depending on the vessel configuration. If a
mechanical support grid has been fitted then the support media requirements are
generally a shallow layer of supports of similar size to that of the catalyst,
although in some cases no support media will be used. When no mechanical
grids are present the supports requirement is generally a larger diameter support
used to fill the vessel head, topped with layers of smaller size material at the
catalyst interface. The additional cost of introducing the mechanical support grid
in vessel design usually negates its inclusion.
Hold down material can be employed to satisfy a number of functions dependent
upon the duty. Traditionally hold down material has been used to stabilize the
top of the catalyst bed to prevent pellet movement by the flowing gas, though
other applications include protection against solid foulants and liquid carryover.
Traditionally support and hold down media have been chemically inert, offering
only physical benefits. If the formulation of these materials were altered then this
media could be used to participate in the vessel reaction thereby increasing the
effectiveness of the reactor/converter conversion.

GBHE Vulcan Series A2
ST Advanced Alumina Support Technology:
◆ Alumina Balls
◆ Saddles
◆ Super Saddles
◆ Berl Saddles
◆ Raschig Rings
◆ Pall Rings
◆ Cross- Partition Rings
◆ Molecular Sieves
◆ Honeycombs
◆ Structured Packings
Vulcan Series A2
ST offer a range of high purity alumina (Al2O3) products for use
with catalysts and absorbents in syn gas plants.
These products are manufactured at PINGXIANG HUANGGUAN CHEMICAL
CO.,LTD. (CAMChem), A professional ISO certified manufacture for industry
tower packings. The factory covers an area of 40,000 square meters and the
annual output reaches 20,000 tons.
“Top-quality products and professional service, large stocks for urgent
delivery”
We can deliver our products wherever and whenever it is in urgent need. With
our order line, your shipment is just a phone call away.
More than 80% of their products are exported to America, Europe and the Middle
East.

Process Control:
CAMChem’s Assurance of Quality
Pre-Qualification
CAMChem qualifies the optimum raw materials well in advance of
manufacturing. Extensive testing of core samples from the mine site identifies
areas of prime reserves to ensure a consistent supply far into the future.
Standard raw material tests are conducted in our laboratories as well as the
supplier’s confirming data accuracy.
Lot Qualification
Our prequalification procedures ensure that only the prime mining sites are
tapped; but we don’t stop here. Each shipment of raw materials must pass
additional testing before we accept it at the plant.
Blend Qualification
When our testing does reveal subtle changes in raw material composition, our
experimentally-derived knowledge of the relationships between material
characteristics and final product allows us to apply predictive process control to
fine-tune the blend at the front end to guarantee a consistent, high-quality
support media.

Process Checks
CAMChem follows documented procedures at every stage of the manufacturing
cycle to ensure consistent final product quality.
Mixing Forming Drying Firing Screening
Packaging Shipping
Finished Product Tests
The following tests are performed on all products.
・Size
・Shape
・Chemical composition
・Strength
Additional tests are available on customer request
・Water absorption
・Thermal shock resistance
・Max. Use temperature
・Apparent Particle Density
・Attrition
・Elemental analysis
Certificate of Analysis can be provided on request.

VULCAN A2
ST Alumino-Silicate Ceramic Support Balls
GBH Enterprises offer a range of alumino-silicate ceramic products for use with
catalysts and absorbents in syn gas plants.
Alumino-silicates will generally contain > 90 % by weight of Al2O3 and SiO2, with
the balance consisting of Ti2O, Fe2O3 and alkaline oxides such as CaO, MgO,
Na2O and K2O. Typical figures for these components have been determined at
25 wt% Al2O3, 69 wt% SiO2, Ti2O plus Fe2O3 at < 2.0 wt% and combined alkaline
oxides at 4.5wt%.
There will likely be some variability in coloration of alumino silicate materials due
to the different raw material clays sourced for manufacture. This coloring is
generally off white.
Product Duty
Alumino-silicates are significantly cheaper than the equivalent high purity alumina
materials and therefore are usually specified where the duty will not be affected
by silica-containing materials.
Alumino-silicate materials are generally used in all support and hold down
applications with the exception of high temperature steam environments such as
pre-reformer, secondary reformer and HTS duties. For clarity high purity alumina
materials should be used in steam environments at temperatures above 300°C.
In these conditions alumino-silicate balls should not be used as silica leaching
can occur leading to disintegration of the balls, silica poisoning of the installed
catalyst and possible fouling of downstream equipment such as heat exchangers.
VULCAN Series A2
ST-CB23
Typical chemical composition

Typical physical properties
Sizes, size tolerances, packing density, specific surface, void fraction and
compressive strength

VULCAN Series A2
ST-CB23

VULCAN Series A2
ST-AB52

VULCAN Series A2
ST-AB70

VULCAN Series A2
ST-AB92

VULCAN Series A2
ST-AB92
Alpha-alumina
Alpha-alumina is the most stable phase of the various aluminas available and as
such provides excellent thermal stability. This guarantees that the VULCAN
A2
ST products can withstand elevated temperatures without affecting their
physical integrity.
The alpha alumina ball is fired to 1550o
C, a temperature high enough to sinter
the alumina, ie to create a strong alumina bond.
The sintering process can be defined as the process of heating a compacted
powder to a temperature lower than that necessary to produce a liquid phase, but
sufficiently high for a solid state reaction or inter-crystallization to take place, so
that the fired body acquires strength.

High Purity Alumina
GBH Enterprises offer a range of high purity alumina (Al2O3) products for use
with catalysts and absorbents in syn gas plants.
High purity aluminas will generally contain > 99 % by weight Al2O3 and < 0.2 %
wt silica maximum, with typical figures for SiO2 of 0.1 wt%. Other components
include TiO2 at < 0.5 % wt and Fe2O3 at < 0.2 wt%, and minor alkaline oxides
such as CaO, MgO, Na2O and K2O making up the balance.
High purity aluminas are preferred over alumino-silicate ceramics when there is a
potential for silica to be leached from the alumino-silicate by the action of steam
at elevated temperature. Examples of applications in which alumina is specified
include pre-reformers, secondary reformers and high temperature shift
converters.
Note: Inclusion in Medium Temperature Shift (MTS), Isothermal Shift
(ITS)and Sour Shift is also recommended if the temperature exceeds 300
o
C.
High purity alumina balls should be used in steam environments at
temperatures above 300 o
C. In these conditions alumino-silicate balls
should not be used as silica leaching can occur, leading to disintegration
of the balls and silica poisoning of the installed catalyst.
High purity aluminas can be used in other duties other than high temperature
steam environments though the cost is often prohibitive when compared with the
much cheaper alumino-silicate materials.
VULCAN A2
ST 99HD high density alpha-alumina balls are universally accepted
for a range of chemical and petrochemical applications. The physical
characteristics and low silica content give assured benefits in varied catalytic
applications.
Typical Chemical Composition:

VULCAN Series A2
ST 99
BENEFITS
THERMAL RESISTANCE:
The excellent refractory properties of VULCAN A2
ST pure
alumina products give them very high thermal shock
resistance and the ability to withstand extreme process
temperatures. In addition this means that steam and heat
treatment for regenerating catalysts will not erode this
media.

VULCAN A2
ST 99 pure alumina balls are manufactured with a monolithic rather
than a layered structure. This method of manufacture eliminates spalling and
delamination thus avoiding the incidence of fine chips and splinters plugging
beds.
HIGH PURITY:
VULCAN A2
ST 99 pure alumina balls typically contain less than 0.2% Silica
dioxide and are free of chloride, sulphur, boron, leachable iron and other catalytic
poisons. The absence of excess silica means that users will not suffer from
costly maintenance or shutdowns due to silica migration, also making it the ideal
support media for the severe high temperature, high steam environment in the
secondary reformers of ammonia plants.
LOW PRESSURE DROP:
VULCAN A2
ST 99 alumina balls are manufactured with a highly consistent shape
and size. This results in a lower pressure drop than that associated with the
random sized and shaped particles of screened media.
CRUSH STRENGTH:
The contamination of catalysts is minimized by the excellent resistance to
erosion and attrition exhibited by VULCAN A2
ST 99 products.
The very high crush strength associated with VULCAN A2
ST products allows the
use of deep beds. To measure crush strength CAMChem employs the standard
test of crushing alumina balls between 2 flat steel plates.
CAMChem also manufactures VULCAN A2
ST 99 HDL which are irregular
lumps, the preferred media by some ammonia plant operators for secondary
reformer duty. The high density and low surface area of the VULCAN A2
ST pure
alumina catalyst support media ensures chemical inertness and a long service
life.

VULCAN A2
ST APPLICATIONS
VULCAN A2
ST is used in a wide range of refinery and petroleum applications.
One common use is in the role of support material supplying a sustainable low
pressure drop across a catalyst reactor vessel for prolonged periods of time. It is
also utilized in its high-density form as a hold down layer protecting active
catalysts from turbulent flows, ensuring a constant flow distribution throughout
the catalyst bed. This application is particularly useful in the prevention of bed
lifting in vessels designed for up-flow duty.
VULCAN A2
ST is produced in a range of sizes from 3mm to 75mm diameter and
can be used in graded support systems to ensure an even distribution of flow
from vessel inlet to catalyst surface.
Specific examples of vessels utilizing VULCAN A2
ST alumina include:
High temperature shift catalyst support and hold
down
CRG Type pre-reformer catalyst support and hold
down
Hydrocracker hold down
Hydrotreater hold down (for jet fuel, diesel,
naphtha)
Alkylation unit support
Claus catalyst support
Secondary reformer hold down
Methanol synthesis catalyst support

Other areas in which high purity VULCAN A2
ST is include:
Powerformer reactors
HDPE units
Styrene plants
Cumene units
Ethylene Oxide reactors
Acetaldehyde units

NEW From CAMChem
VULCAN A2
ST Series Ceramic Knob -
CATALYST PROTECTION MEDIA
The life cycle of numerous catalytic
processes is often limited not by
catalyst activity but by increased
pressure drop which can lead to
reduced production yields, early
catalyst replacement and
unscheduled plant shutdown.
Hydrotreating and catalytic reforming plants are increasingly susceptible as
associated economics demand processing of more “bottom of the barrel”
feedstocks. Increase in pressure drop by plugging of the catalyst bed usually at
the inlet of down-flow reactors can result from a number of sources:
* Heavy metals contained within the process feedstocks e.g. nickel and
vanadium.
* Tramp iron contamination. formed as corrosion products within the pipe-
work.
* Scale and carbon deposits from heaters and heat exchangers carried
over to the catalyst beds.
* Feedstock particulates or from attrition of upstream catalysts which are
not removed due to in-efficient filtering.
Particulates may be deposited in the voids between individual catalyst particles
or may directly reduce catalyst activity, by plugging porosity and blinding access
to active metal sites within the internal pore structure. A simple and cost-effective
solution is to use a layer of shaped highly porous VULCAN A2
ST Series
Ceramic Knobs on top of the catalyst bed.
The Ceramic Knobs act as a hold-down layer and improve gas flow distribution,
prevent increases in pressure drop and protect the active catalyst against
plugging and deactivation. Ceramic Knobs have a lower initial pressure drop
and larger void volume than traditional ceramic balls and as a consequence can
tolerate a higher degree of inter-particulate blockage before reaching a limiting
pressure drop constraint.

VULCAN A2
ST Ceramic Knob is a specially developed shape with high macro-
pore content and maximized pore volume to trap and filter extraneous material
present in the feedstock. The Knob shape provides a higher void fraction than
conventional raschig rings and thus a lower resistance to flow as well as an
enhanced geometric surface area for efficient particulate removal. VULCAN
A2
ST Ceramic Knob is manufactured in alpha-alumina and is characterized by
high mechanical strength and excellent attrition resistance.
VULCAN A2
ST Ceramic Knob
Available as standard sizes [16x16x7 / 16x10x7 / 16x7x7mm ] Knobs, other sizes
available on request.

VULCAN A2
ST Activated Alumina Balls
Molecular Formula: Al2O3. n H2O (0＜n≤0.8)
Ceramic Random Packings
CAMChem ceramic tower packings are fired at high temperature and have
excellent mechanical strength, abrasion and acid resistance; it can resist the
corrosion of various inorganic acids, organic acids and organic solvents
Except hydrofluoric and can be adapted to high or low temperature condition, the
packing can be used in drying columns, absorbing columns, cooling towers, etc.

Ceramic Random Packings
Typical Chemical Composition
Specific properties of Ceramic Berl Saddle

Specific properties of Ceramic Cross Partition Rings
Specific properties of Ceramic Pall Rings
Specific properties of Ceramic Super Saddles

Specific properties of Ceramic Raschig Rings

VULCAN A2
ST Carbon Raschig Ring
Are fully carbonized tubular rings used for tower packing.
They have the properties of corrosion resistance, thermal
shock resistance and high temperature stability.
Carbon Raschig Rings provide a large surface area for
the interaction between the material.
Availability
We can produce sizes ranged from 13mm to 80mm in order to meet all packed
tower requirements.
Features
1. Low coefficient of thermal expansion resists damage caused by severe
shocks.
2. May be used in most acids, alkali’s and solvent environments.
3. Light in weight with high mechanical strength, having no soluble bond.
4. Long-life packing with high temperature operation capabilities.
5. Used in chloride-hydrochloric mixtures and phosphoric acid.
6. Fully carbonized to eliminate extractable impurities.
Typical Specifications:

VULCAN A2
ST Molecular sieves
VULCAN A2
ST PHC-3A
Application: mainly used for unsaturated
hydrocarbon materials, such as pyrolysis gas
ethylene, propylene, Butadiene, acetylene and deep
drying of natural gas, may also be used for the drying
of polar liquids (such as ethanol liquids), liquefied
petroleum gas and solvent.
Our 3A molecular sieves, are used in large ethylene plant as desiccants, the
water content of the gas can be reduced below 1PPM (dew point＜－70℃).
Regeneration: PHC-3A molecular sieves can be regenerated and reused after
being swept by the heated dry gas, with minimal adsorption of undesirable
components, then the absorbed water removed and molecular sieves
regenerated.
The molecular sieves regeneration level depends on the regeneration time,
temperature and humidity.

VULCAN A2
ST PHC-4A
Application: PHC-4A molecular sieves widely used in the drying of gas and
liquids, such as the drying of pyrolysis gas, natural gas, refrigerants, LPG and
naphtha, kerosene, diesel, transformer oil, and the preparation of argon gas,
purification and desulfurization.
PHC-4A molecular sieves can adsorb H2O, NH3, CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, CH3OH,
C 2H5OH, C3H6, C2H4, C2H2, etc.
Regeneration: 4A molecular sieves can be regenerated and reused after being
swept by the heated dry gas with minimal adsorption of undesirable
components,, then the absorbed water removed and molecular sieves
regenerated. The molecular sieves regeneration level depends on the
regeneration time, temperature and humidity.

VULCAN A2
ST PHC-5A
PHC-5A is an alkali alumino silicate; it is the calcium form of the Type A crystal
structure. Type 5A has an effective pore opening of 5 angstroms (0.5 nm). It will
adsorb molecules with a kinetic diameter of less than 5 Angstrom and exclude
those larger.
It is especially suitable for PSA adsorber applications where it may be used for
the separation of normal- and iso paraffins (C4 to C6 species), in PSA hydrogen
purification and in oxygen concentrators.
Application
The strong ionic forces of the divalent calcium ion makes it an excellent
adsorbent to remove water, CO2, H2S from sour natural gas streams, while
minimizing COS formation. Light mercaptans are also adsorbed.
It is also used for the separation of normal- and iso paraffins.
Production of high purity N2, O2, H2 and inert gases from mixed gas streams.

VULCAN A2
ST PHC-10X
Application: 10X molecular sieve is mainly used for gas
adsorption and refining liquid paraffin, removal of sulfur
compounds, nitrogen compounds, organic acids, aromatic
hydrocarbons, etc.
Also used to isolate kerosene and aromatic hydrocarbons
in petrol fractions, also used to isolate cycloalkanes from
petroleum distillates.
Regeneration: desorption by vapor, then long-term recycling, after reusing some
time, using the vapor-air mixing to scorch and regeneration. Regeneration level
depends on the burning temperature, process time.
VULCAN A2
ST PHC-CUX
Application:
PHC-CUX molecular sieves are mainly used for
deodorizing applications. PHC-CUX desorbs
hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, Thiols and disulfides
from gasoline, aviation fuel, lamp oil, propane,
butane and pentane, butylenes, liquefied petroleum
gas, etc.

Regeneration:
PHC-CUX molecular sieves can be continually regenerated.
The deodorizing efficacy can be maintained, provided enough oxygen is in the
feeds stream, facilitating the catalytic oxidation process.
VULCAN A2
ST PHC-13X
Application:
PHC-13X molecular sieves are mainly used for gas drying,
purifying of raw gas in the air separation oxygen production
plant, desorbs the H2O、CO2、C2H2 from the air, with the
exit H2O level below 2ppm, CO2 below 1ppm,C2H2 circa
zero, also can be used for the desulfurization of liquid
petroleum hydrocarbons and natural gas, removing H2S and
mercaptan, separation of kerosene and the
aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline fractions.
Regeneration: PHC-13X molecular sieves can be regenerated and reused after
being swept by the heated dry gas without being adsorption components, then
the absorbed water removed and molecular sieves regenerated. The molecular
sieves regeneration level depend on the regeneration time, temperature and
humidity

Package:
135kg steel drum, inside vacuum bag packing, other packages request by the
customers.
Attention:
Avoid damp and pre-adsorption of organic before running, or must to be
reactivated.

VULCAN A2
ST Honeycomb ceramics
Honeycomb ceramic is a new developed porous industrial ceramic; it has the
properties of corrosion resistances, high specific surface area, low resistance,
low thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal conductivity and thermal-shock
resistance performance, widely used in the industrial field. Using the advanced
production technology and strict management, we have bath produce the
honeycomb ceramics series; also we can produce according customers’
requirements.
★ Material: Mullite, Cordierite, Alumina, Mullite Zirconium, Mullite Corundum,
Corundum and other materials.
★Size: According to customers’ requirements.
★ Hole shape: square, hexagon, rectangular, circular, triangle, diamond.
★ Holes number: According to customers’ requirements. （1～400 holes/square
inch）
Application of VULCAN A2
ST Honeycomb Ceramics
Can be used as a catalyst carrier for clean-up of automobile tail gas, a carrier for
various purification systems, a heat retainer in the heat accumulation burner in
metallurgy industry, used as structured packing, gas burning distribution plate.

Chemical Composition of VULCAN A2
ST Honeycomb Ceramics

Honeycomb Ceramics- Heat Exchanger
Honeycomb Ceramics- Heat Exchanger is the key component in the HTAC
technology, widely used in the industry.
HTAC technology:

Specification and type of Honeycomb Ceramics
Mechanical property index of Honeycomb Ceramics

Commercial Request Form
Company Name:
Address:
Fax Number:
Telephone Number:
Contact Name:
Contact E-mail:
End User Company Name & Address:
(if different from above)
Plant Name:
Plant Number:
Duty:
Current Catalyst Grade Used:
Catalyst Grade requested (if known):
Catalyst Volume as charged in vessel:
M3 or ft3?
Catalyst Volume Requested
(if different from above) M3 or ft3?
Delivery Terms:
(eg EXW, FOB, CIP, CIF)
Delivery Location:
Preferred Catalyst Delivery Date:
Preferred payment terms:
Required Quote Response Date:
Preferred Packaging
(Drums/Big Bags/socks/Unidense bags/other)
Included services required:
(Charging/reduction assistance/other)
Quote for disposal of spent catalyst required?
Budget/ Fixed Price Quote?:
Any Special Requirements?
Please fax to our local Agent or our head office on +52 55 2614 8349, FAO MCZ

Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is believed to be accurate and correct
at time of going to press, and is given in good faith, but it is for the User to satisfy itself of the suitability of the
product for its own particular purpose. GBHE gives no warranty as to the fitness of the product for any particular
purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) is excluded except to the extent that
exclusion is prevented by law. GBHE accepts no liability for loss or damage resulting from reliance on this
information. Freedom under Patent, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed.

VULCAN Series A2ST Advanced Alumina Support Technology

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