These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of conformal electronics is becoming better through using thinner materials, an island-bridge design, and Moore’s Law. The island-bridge design is a mesh of islands containing somewhat rigid components that are connected by mesh of stretchable materials. This enables electronics to be more effectively used in space-restricted places, in skin patches, and next to human organs. Transfer printing, which is a form of roll-to roll printing, enables the costs to be relatively low.

1. Wong Hin Kai A0098451X
Susanne Pihl A0098559E
Ushashree Divakar A0098574L
Shahnawaz P. Shamsuddin A0098486H
Mahnaz D. Damavandi A0066523H
Heng Chew Chwee A0098597B
Xiao Lizhi Bill A0098493L
For information on other new technologies that are becoming economically feasible,
see http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. Conventional Electronics
Printed/ Flexible Electronics
Conformal Electronics
6Ref: http://www.polyera.com/technology/

7. Cost
Conformity
Functionality
Ref: International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI), “Global Flexible Electronics Market Forecast”
IDTechEx, “Printed, Flexible, and Stretchable Electronics Forecasts, Players, and Opportunities 2012-2022”, pg. 9
0 50 100 150 200 250
2011
2016
2025
Global Flexible Electronics Market
(US$B)
7

8. Stretchability Bendability Speed Cost
Ability to
 conform to novel
geometries
 absorb large levels of
strain without fracture
 retain original
performance when
stretched or released
Measured by strain (%)
Ability to
 be bent to a great
extent without cracking
 retain original
performance when bent
Measured by curvature
(mm)
Ability to
 respond instantly to
stimuli with minimal lag
 remain conformal and
thin without sacrificing
speed
Measured by mobility
(cm2/Ѵs)
Ability to
 be made with lower
capital investments
 be made cheaply in
large quantities, and
with cheaper materials
and equipment
Measured by cost or price
($)
8

9. 9

10. build a stretchy mesh with electronics on thin islands
connected by springy bridges
print mesh onto thin plastic which holds the entire
mesh together

11. build body-worn stickers which seamlessly measure our body activity
breathablewaterproof
yet

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Silicon Polysilicon
TFTs
Amorphous
TFTs
Organic TFTs Island-Bridge
Design
Strain (%)
12
Ref: Nature Materials, Vol. 9, pg. 929
Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2012. 14:113–28 Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Biointegrated Devices
MRS Bulletin, Vol. 37, 2012, Materials for Stretchable Electronics in Bioinspired and Biointegrated Devices

13. 0
100
200
300
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Stretchability (%)
13

14. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Silicon Polysilicon
TFTs
Amorphous
TFTs
Organic TFTs Island-Bridge
Design
Curvature 1/R (mm)
14Ref: Nature Materials, Vol. 9, pg. 929

15. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Silicon Polysilicon
TFTs
Amorphous
TFTs
Organic TFTs Island-Bridge
Design CMOS
Mobility (cm2/Ѵs)
15Ref: R. Reuss et al.Proc. IEEE (2005)

16. Mobilitycm2/Vs
Single Crystal Si Ribbon
Oxide Semiconductors
Amorphous Silicon
Organic Semiconductor
1995 2000 2005 2010
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
100
10
1000
Si Mono-Crystal
Si Poly-Crystal
2013
Year
16
Ref: Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 213101 (2006), Mechanically Flexible TFT That Use Ultrathin Ribbons of Silicon Derived from Bulk Wafers
http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/HONSHI/20091222/178799/?P=3
IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 27, No. 6, 2006, High-Speed Mechanically Flexible Single-Crystal Silicon TFT on Plastic Substrates
Bendable Integrated Circuits on Plastic Substrates by Use of Printed Ribbons of Single-Crystal Silicon

17. 0
20
40
60
80
100
Silicon Flexible Electronics Conformal
Electronics
 Production Cost ($/ft2)  Facility Cost ($100M)
leveraging existing industry and scaling components down
through Moore’s Law-driven supply chain
17

18. 18
Ref: http://www.gsaglobal.org/email/2010/general/0222w.htm
http://www.future-fab.com/documents.asp?d_ID=2594
Circuit World, Vol. 36, pg. 40-47

19. Ref: C. E., Kantola, et al. (2009), “Printed Electronics, Now and Future”, Bit Bang – Rays to the Future, pg. 63-102 19

20. Ref: http://nano-cemms.illinois.edu/media/uploads/content/104/files/micro_transfer_printing.20110922095340.pdf 20

21. Consumer
Digital Health
Medical Device
Military
Idea Concept Feasibility Development Scale Up Launch Post-Launch
21

22. 22Ref: Nature Materials, Vol. 8, pg. 494

23. 23Ref: Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, pg. 3989

24. 24Ref: Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, pg. 2673

25. Stretchability Bendability Speed Cost
Island-Bridge
OLED-Island
Polymer-LED
PDMS Matrix
High
Low
25

26. Ref: Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2012. 14:113–28
Organics
Inorganics
Metal Oxides
Metal Nanowires
Carbon Nanotubes
Graphene
26

27. 27
Random
Network SWNT
High Purity, Aligned CNT
Microprocessor
III-V Semiconductor
Microprocessor
Single Crystal Si
Microcontroller
Random Network SWNT
Low Mobility
Roll to Roll
Printing
Properties
sensors
display
RFID
logic gates
half adder
d-flip-flops
1-bit RFID tags
100% stretchability
80% optical
transparency
1mm bending
radius
Ref: Nature Materials, Vol. 8, pg. 494 – 499
Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063502 (2012); Deformable transparent all-carbon-nanotube transistors
Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42, 2592; Carbon nanotube electronics – moving forward
http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/carbon-nanotubes-could-power-the-next-generation-of-processors/

28. Ref: In Yrjö, Neuvo and Sami Ylönen (2009), “Cut the Last Cord by Nanolution”, Bit Bang: Rays to the Future , pg. 103-139 28

29. ▪
29

30. Research and
Development
• Materials
• Applications in
Healthcare,
Comms,
Defence
• Training &
Education
• Patent Trolls &
Attorneys
Design
• Product/
Software
Development
• Circuit Design
• Concept Design
•new ways of
offering
connectivity/
information
• Training &
Education
• Consultancy &
Expertise
Materials
• Technology/
Process
Development
• Flexible
Substrates &
Barrier Material
• Foil & Film
• Conductive
Dielectrics &
Ink
Equipment
• Technology
Development
• Consultancy &
Expertise
• Manufacturing
Equipment
• Control &
Measurement
Software
• Training &
Education
Manufacturing
• End Product
•medical devices,
drug delivery
patches, RFID/
NFC devices,
access control,
energy systems
• Component
•batteries,
displays,
sensors,
antennas
• Integration with
other Products
• Consultancy &
Expertise
End Products
• Marketing &
Sales
•end-users,
clinics,
healthcare
providers
• Product/ Brand
Development
• Distribution &
Packaging
• Training &
Education
•users of
healthcare
systems, or
scientific
planning
30

31. AF"
31

32. 32

33. 33

34. 34

35. Wong Hin Kai A0098451X
Susanne Pihl A0098559E
Ushashree Divakar A0098574L
Shahnawaz P. Shamsuddin A0098486H
Mahnaz D. Damavandi A0066523H
Heng Chew Chwee A0098597B
Xiao Lizhi Bill A0098493L
Customized Video
• Activity Wristband
• Hydration Patch
• Metabolism Monitor