Climate-smart agriculture: global experience and the African context
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An explanation of the concept of Climate-smart agriculture, and how how Africa can lead the science and implementation of it.
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Climate-smart agriculture: global experience and the African context
- 1. Climate-smart agriculture: global experience and the African context Sonja Vermeulen Head of Research CGIAR Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
- 2. 2 Outline 1. Concept: What is climate-smart agriculture? 2. Practice: Can we implement climate-smart agriculture at scale, globally and in Africa? 3. Opportunities: How can Africa lead the science and practice of climate-smart agriculture?
- 3. Concept: What is climate-smart agriculture?
- 4. 4 Food security Adaptation Environmental footprint 0 5 10 15 20 25 US Malawi GHG CO2-eq tonne per capita What is âclimate-smart agricultureâ?
- 5. 5 http://www.climatesmartagriculture.org FAO (2010). CSA is âagriculture that sustainably increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation), and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals.â Guidance on CSA principles and practices
- 6. 6 Farm and community: climate-smart practices, instit utions Global: climate models, international agreements, finance Climate-smart agriculture happens at multiple levels National and regional: enabling policies, extension, support, research, f inance
- 7. Practice: Can we implement climate-smart agriculture at scale, globally and in Africa?
- 8. 8
- 9. 9 Tanzania Communities managing 4.12 million ha of forest Niger 200 million trees 2.5 millionpeople India Agromet Advisory Services reach over 2.5 million farmers Vietnam Rice intensification by 1 million farmers Ethiopia 8 million people in productive safety nets, inc. building natural assets Brazil: Reduce GHGs by > 160 million tons CO2e annually Morocco: 63.5 million tons CO2e saved over 20 years India Weather-based crop Insurance > 9 million Indian farmers
- 10. 10 Upfront costs often substantial Brazil: US$ 250 million over two years Morocco: over US$ 1 billion per annum Vietnam: US$ 500 million in 2011 Strong government support is crucial ď˛ Policy support, e.g. secure land and resource tenure ď˛ Strategies for scaling-up ď˛ Institutional frameworks ď˛ Funding CAADP e.g. Maputo commitments, African Regional Strategy on Disaster Risk Reduction UNFCC e.g. Green Climate Fund, Least Developed Countries Fund, Adaptation Fund Multi-lateral e.g. IFAD Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Program, G8 Global Agriculture & Food Security Program Some private finance e.g. supply chain security, carbon markets, corporate social responsibility
- 11. Opportunities: How can Africa lead the science and practice of climate-smart agriculture?
- 12. 12 ď˛ Regional Climate Outlook Forums ď˛ Major programs like CORDEX, AMMA, WASCAL ď˛ Met services & researchers working at farmer level 1. Leadership in institutional support e.g. climate information services
- 13. 13 ⢠Finance ⢠Land zoning ⢠Governance ⢠Markets 2. Coordinate agriculture & forestry to incentivise sustainable landscapes e.g. COMIFAC (Commission des FĂ´rets dâAfrique Centrale) Africa Soil Atlas 2013
- 14. 14 3. Build innovation platforms e.g. Agriculture & climate change platforms initiated by CORAF/WECARD ď˛ National think-tank teams for mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in agricultural policies and strategies through knowledge sharing, information exchange and dissemination, and engagement of all stakeholders. Four countries ⢠Burkina Faso ⢠Mali ⢠Niger ⢠Senegal
- 15. 15 4. Get African science into policy e.g. Partnership of CCAFS with COMESA, EAC, SADC & Africa Climate Policy Centre Workshops and aggregation of scientific evidence as basis for joint submissions on agriculture to the UNFCCC
- 16. 16 5. Bring policy and science together to support farmer-led innovations and options
Hinweis der Redaktion
- So, we have to respond to three grand challenges.A key focus of CCAFS is understanding the synergies and trade-offs amongst the three outcomes that we need, working from plot to global levelsIn many cases we are looking for technologies that satisfy all three objectives.In other cases we may take a landscape approach, whereby intensified systems in one part of the landscape focus on food security and adaptation, while in another part of the landscape forests and grasslands are conserved.And in other situations we may only focus on food security and adaptation (e.g. in countries where the GHG emissions are exceptionally low). But even here I think we can do development better by attention to, e.g. nutrient use efficiency, that can reduce costs to farmers and reduce GHGs.