2. The cells and organelles
The structure of cell
• Organisational levels of cell
• Criterias of a living cell
• Classification of cells on the
basis of no. & nuclear
membrane sizes of cells
3. Plasma membrane
Kinds of permeability
Impermeaility
Permeability
Semipermeability
Selectively permeability-
Fluid mosaic model of P.M.
Movement of substances
across membrane
diffusion
7. Functions of nucleus-central role in cellular
reproduction
Controls all metabolic activities
Every eukaryotic cell has fixed no.of
chromosomes
The paired condition of chromosomes is diploid
Diploid cell-full no. Of chromosomes
Unpaired chromosomes of each kind is a
Haploid cell ,has half no. Of chromosomes
8. Cell wall
Location-plant cells,bacteria,fungi
Structure-primary cell wall is made up of cellulose
Cellulose is insoluble fibrous polysacccharide
Primary cell wall-mechanical strength&protection
Secondary cell wall-inner face of the primary wall
Composed of liginin,suberin substances
Plant cell -living -only primary cell wall
Plant cell-non-living secondary cell wall is
deposited on the inner
Face of primary cell wall
9. Nucleus
Location-plant cell -pushed on one side of cell
Animal cell-centrally located uninucleated,
binucleated, multinucleated
Resting nucleus -spherical
Chemically nucleus-
80%protein,12%DNA,5%RNA, 3%lipids
Structure of nucleus under microscope
13. Plastid
The effect of the pds3 mutation on plastid development. (A) wild-type. (B)
Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of purple seedlings 5 days after germination.
(C) Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of albino seedlings 30 days after
germination. (D) Plastids in leaf mesophyll cells of albino seedlings 90 days
after germination. St: starch granule; Tk: thylakoid; Oil: oil drops; PG:
plastoglobule. Scale bar = 1.2 m.
17. Prokaryotic cell & eukaryotic cell
The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a
cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
They differ from the eukaryotes, which have a cell
nucleus. Most are unicellular.
18. endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an eukaryotic
organelle that forms an interconnected network of
tubules, vesicles, and cistern within cells.
19. mitocondria
A mitochondrion is a membrane-enclosed organelle
found in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are
sometimes described as "cellular power plants"
because they generate most of the cell's supply of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of
chemical energy.
20. lysosomes
Lysosomes are spherical organelles that contain
enzymes that break up endocytized materials and
cellular debris. They are found in animal cells
Insert from wikipedia
21. vacuoles
A vacuole is a membrane bound organelle
which is present in all plant and fungal cells and
some protist, animal and bacterial cells.
25. some interesting facts about cells
1. The Longest Cell in your body is the motor neuron
cell, which is located in the spinal cord, near the
central nervous system.
2. It is believed that there are more nerve cells in your
brain than stars in the milky way.