1. Chapter 6: Information Technology Hardware

4. Components of Hardware CPU Primary Storage Secondary Storage Communications Devices Output Devices Input Devices Buses

5. Number Systems Humans represent numbers in Base10 1 x 10 3 = 1,000 9 x 10 2 = 900 9 x 10 1 = 90 7 x 10 0 = 7 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 0 10 3 10 2 10 1 7 9 9 1

6. Computers use Base2 (0, 1) 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Base2: 1011101 = Base10: 1 x 2 6 0 x 2 5 1 x 2 4 1 x 2 3 1 x 2 2 0 x 2 1 1 x 2 0 64 0 16 8 4 0 1 = 93 2 0 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

7. Character representation ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII-8) Formula: 128 + 32 + Position in Alphabet 10100001: ‘A’ 10100010: ‘B’ 10100011: ‘C’ 10100100: ‘D’ 10100101: ‘E’ 01010000: ‘0’ 01010001: ‘1’ 01010010: ‘2’ 01010011: ‘3’ 01010111: __

18. Machine Cycle cont. 1. Fetch Instruction RAM to the Control Unit 2. Decode Instruction Control Unit 3. Execute Instruction ALU 4. Place Results in Memory ALU to RAM Instruction Time Execution Time

26. Sequential Processing Parallel Processing: Type of processing in which more than one instruction can be processed at a time by breaking down a problem into smaller parts and processing them simultaneously with multiple processors.

27. Client/Server Computing

32. Magnetic Disks Tracks Sectors Read/Write Head Access Arm

38. A Comparison of Batch & On-line Processing