3D Printing Materials @

1. 3D Printing Materials 2014-2025: Status, Opportunities, Market Forecasts
3D printing is currently the subject of a great deal of speculation and excitement in the media. Touted as the
technology to bring about the next industrial revolution and the in-sourcing of manufacturing jobs back to the
West, the term in fact refers to a raft of technologies each of which is compatible for use with a particular
material type. In fact the materials market for 3D printing is possibly the most contentious issue in the 3D
printing industry today. 3D printer manufacturers are increasingly engaging in practices which are perceived
by end-users as anti-competitive by locking customers in to their own materials supplies via key-coding and
RFID tagging of material cartridges, an activity which is effectively enabling monopoly pricing of the
materials concerned. Development of new materials for 3D printing is hindered by the practice of lock-in by
some 3D printer manufacturers. Barriers to entry for 3rd party materials suppliers are high, and those who do
enter the market are unable to get the economies of scale required to accelerate both materials development
and progress towards a competitive market. In the short to mid-term, downwards pressure on materials prices
will be driven mainly by new entrants to the 3D printer manufacture arena that do not engage in lock-in
practices and enable customers to source materials from the supplier(s) of their choice, and also by pressure
from large end-users wielding buying power to force prices down. This report gives forecasts to 2025 for the
following materials supplies:
Photopolymers Thermoplastics in solid form (ie. filaments and pellets) Thermoplastics in powder form
Metal powders Powder-bed inkjet powders
SWOT analyses in each class are given and end-user requirements detailed. Materials in development but
not yet commercial, which research is mainly taking place in universities, are also discussed. The market for
photopolymers will retain the largest single segment of the market through to 2025 although the other
materials markets will gain market share in terms of tons produced driven largely by the move away from
prototyping/tooling applications towards final product manufacture. Highest growth will be seen in the
market for metal powders, although production, currently placed at less than 30 tons/year, will remain
relatively low. This, in combination with high raw material and processing prices, will combine such that
prices for these materials will fall more slowly than for alternative 3D printing materials. Market growth in a
business-as-usual scenario when lock-in remains common practice and prices remain high will be steady, as
illustrated below.
However, extensive interviews with both materials developers and end-users indicate that prices are falling.
This will modulate growth of the market size even as mass production increases in line with the growth of the
cumulative installed base. Further, for any given material class, market size (in terms of $M) is more
sensitive to the installed base of the corresponding 3D printer technology than to the actual price of the
materials themselves. Should material prices increase, only a small reduction in the average utilisation rate of
the printer installed base is required for the market size to actually fall as a result.
table Of Contents
1. Executive Summary
3D Printing Materials 2014-2025: Status, Opportunities, Market Forecasts

2. 2. Introduction
3. 3d Printing: A Review Of Technologies
3.1. Photopolymerisation Based Printing
3.2. Extrusion Based Printing
3.3. Powder-bed Technologies
3.4. Summary Of 3d Printing Technologies
4. Materials
4.1. Costs Of Materials
4.2. Material Waste And Recycling
4.3. Photopolymers
4.3.2. Health & Safety
4.3.3. Manufacturers
4.3.4. State Of The Market
4.3.5. The Future Of Photopolymers For 3d Printing
4.4. Thermoplastics
4.4.2. Health And Safety
4.4.3. Thermoplastics For Extrusion-based 3d Printing
4.4.4. Thermoplastics For Selective Laser Sintering
4.4.5. State Of The Market
4.4.6. The Future Of Thermoplastics For 3d Printing
4.5. Metal Powders
4.5.2. Health And Safety
4.5.3. Manufacturers
4.5.4. State Of The Market
4.5.5. The Future Of Metal Powders For 3d Printing
4.6. Other Powders
5. Materials In Development
5.1. Hydroxyapatite
5.2. Graphene
5.3. Rdge
5.4. Carbomorph
6. Forecasts
6.2. Scenarios For 2025 Market Size As A Function Of Installed Base And Price
3D Printing Materials 2014-2025: Status, Opportunities, Market Forecasts

3. 6.2.1. Photopolymers
6.2.2. Thermoplastics (solids)
6.2.3. Thermoplastic Powder
6.2.4. Metal Powders
6.2.5. Inkjet Powders
6.2.6. Summary
6.2.7. A Note On The Relationship Of Materials Prices To Utilisation Rates Of Printers
7. Company Interviews
7.1. Metal Powders: Argen To Lpw
7.1.1. The Argen Corporation, Usa
7.1.2. Cookson Precious Metals Ltd, Uk
7.1.3. Höganäs Digital Metal, Sweden
7.1.4. Legor Group S.p.a, Italy
7.1.5. Sandvik Osprey Ltd, Uk
7.1.6. Lpw Technology Ltd, Uk
7.2. Thermoplastics: Crp To Evonik
7.2.1. Crp Group, Italy
7.2.2. Oxford Performance Materials, Usa
7.2.3. Kdi Polymer Specialists Ltd, Uk
7.2.4. Exceltec Sarl
7.2.5. Evonik Industries
7.3. Ceramics Powders: Viridis3d
7.3.1. Viridis3d
7.4. Photopolymers: Rahn And Dsm
7.4.1. Rahn Group
7.4.2. Dsm Functional Materials
appendix A: Case Studies
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3D Printing Materials 2014-2025: Status, Opportunities, Market Forecasts