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                                                   “          ”       Internet,
                      .                 !    "     !,        #    !                     "    $ %       %
          & #                   .        "               '                      !
                      .

                    The Internet “sector", appurtenant to the electronic commerce is considered in the
          paper. The problems concerned with this human activity field are specified. Special attention
          is given to the legal aspects of e-commerce.


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1
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2
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III passed by the 105th US Congress”.
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6
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7.             O. ?                        '                  !=         // ]               !
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         @         “?   Q                                :                           ”, ]        , 28-29        "    2000 A.
     B. 126 – 128.
11. UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
12. Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December on
    a Community framework for electronic signatures
13. Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on
    certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce in
    the Internal Market




                                            ?                      A ]
                                                              =     %    =    ' ,           L        '% !            '       ,
                                                     '                       E               “Dekart”.


                                            O              25   '"                     !=        "       (               %
                                                         A @ ).
                                            e                 16 @           1966 A.
                                            e-mail: petrova@dekart.com

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Pom2001

  • 1. : . “Dekart” (www.dekart.com) “ ” Internet, . ! " !, # ! " $ % % & # . " ' ! . The Internet “sector", appurtenant to the electronic commerce is considered in the paper. The problems concerned with this human activity field are specified. Special attention is given to the legal aspects of e-commerce. # " & != >> Internet. ? @ A " Internet # # $ " ! , '% , %', # @ $"! # ! " . B - % '% - = % # A # & " # # ' @ . = % = ' != # & = ( % % $ =) Internet & ' '$ ! .E Telcordia Technologies ,% % = ' ' A 100 , % # # A 45%. " % Internet- # ' 14 . K L '" ' ! 2,1 . ' != Web- . O # Internet, ! & , % ! " 350 . , ! % $ , % ' # ! # " , @' Internet % # != & " 1 % A , % A A = . ? ' Internet, " , “ ” A , != '" ' , '$ = " . Q , A Internet ' " ! ' " , '% "= @ , "! ! , " #! $ # % A ' 'A . E A , = % # & Internet $ % [9]. ? ! “PricewaterhouseCoopers” (http://www.pwcglobal.com/ru/) 24% ' , # " A % L !=, ' & $ ,% # A ! ' = Internet- # "! '% ! # % ! . 74% # # " '$ @@ , 71% - ' @ # '& =, 71% - ' " '& " 69% - = . [ L ' ! = A % = % $ '% != = ' % "! (60%), % " (60%), # != ' ' 'A (59%) A # $ != " # - (57%). 1 ' & ' $ Internet = # ! % . B ! $ A ' , % '$ ! ' '% @ “? Q : ” (] , 28-29 " 2000 A.).
  • 2. B'"_ ! A L $ # ' ' 'A ( % # % A ' A ,$ % A A = ), $ & / !, A ! '% & , " , A # , # $ .? = # & A '"_ ! e-commerce. ` &' "! L A ! ' 'A, A # Internet A # A on-line & .a “ A !=” 2 '% & & ! ' % – A # ! & , ! A # ! “" = ”, ' !. Q A # A #'$ &' " ' % # , , % A , '% $ A # , # '$ " . B L Internet- A # $ & != Internet, A '% " , % # ' L ' ' & != & ' '% ' - & .E A , '% # " – ' – A # ," '% & #'$ Internet ! @ != . O ! ! “" - ”, “" -" ” # $ " ' % @ ! (telephone-banking), % # Internet (Internet-banking). d ! [ ef # 30 $ 2000 A. # ! A ' != & . & d[ ef, ' != " #"' & @ , 73.8 % " A "_ & . e # " ! % & , A '$ ! % ! % # " '$ & '$ ', ' ! ' '$ = % , & ' @ $ "= != != ' . A # , # $ ! " # , L #'$ # & Internet. g # @ != =, ! != A , " – @ # =' & - # , # = A % = , % A'$ % ,# A ' # . e ! Internet " $ " L # =. h% ! # - $ $ ! , ! % % A # @ . i , General Electric % # $ '&" ' @ % # Internet # '$ ! = . 10 $ 2000 A 12 = A = "! #" ! 5000 "' & . "' & " " A =, =, @ -# =, @ =, = =. E & ! ! "' & & " ' ! A !L. ? #! = @' " $100 ! . ` = "' & A $" & $ www.gefn.com ( ' & ' A ' @ '&"!). > % ,% % ' " "! # " #'$ # ! !. 2 2000 A., % L != , " " % % ' # & ! = A % != , " $ # " , # $ = A . " " ! $ B2B- .g # % ,% # % A Internet ! ! “% ! ”, = @ != # ! % .
  • 3. e f = ' " ! #" % A != , $% $ = # ! # kodak, mosfilm3 'A . K ,% , " " ! Internet- ,% ' # @ !, # $ @ = , % “ '% ”. g ' $ # “` A ”, A “O -n '” A L " A .B$ % % # , # = L A www.kodak.ru $ A A $ @ ! # “Eastman Kodak Company”, ! 'A = # ( $% !% '$ = ', A = ' .) A' "! @ ! 'L ! # , 'L @ " ' ( . . # % !A ! # %'& ' ) [4]. # ' !L != " # " '& = & , ' 'A, & , ' A = # '$ .? % , " L " # != != # [7]. # – spam. “` % ! ” & ! A # , '% # % ! ' = != ' ! $ % ! % , # $ “ % ! ” ! # . “e ” #'$ # & ! "! (% ! , , # ' != A “ = ”), % "! '# ! != & . B & L ' # Internet-' 'A " ! = ' . BpO "! ! '& ! @ ! # , # $ ! " '$ '$ @ $ @ ', B BpO = 'L ' & L A % ' Internet, #' != spam "! 4 # . B ! , $ L 'A = , # % A != ' 'A % " '& .E A , = ' $ = '$ A # . ? & / ' % # "_ , # " # ! “" = ” ! A # !, ' ! % $ ' ' , & % , '% '$ = A != =. E & $, & ! A ! $ . a # Internet, L = ' A L % , 2000 A ' 34%. " '$ #' ! , A “eMarketer”, ' L Internet- . ? # ' " , A $ ! ' # B , $600 % . [ L ' "! L =, # '$ = ' - & # % != , # ! "! # != != . B ! A $ , % ' L #-# 3 Q ' “] @ ” L $ ' % "! "! # , L “Eastman Kodak Company” A ! ! . 4 B A % & , ! ! % , % & $ '$ " : “This message is being sent to you in compliance with the Federal legislation for commercial e-mail (H.R.4176 - Section 101, Paragraph (e)(1)(a)) and Bill s.1618 Title III passed by the 105th US Congress”.
  • 4. = A L = , & , " $ = @ $ " A . > "! " . Q #' ! Internet = A # $ ' ' " , @ , A # #% !L B , A' ' % L A " ( @ ) & L ' '. # ! ! $ " A " A 'A , , " , " $ "= # $% A ' - & " $ [10]. ? ' "= # = # ! ( A # - = % A = ) " " ' . B '% A !L # & A " A & '$ : • i = % " ! E & ! '% & "= " ' ( $ , # ) A " % ; "= " % " # " # [6]; w ! ' 'A $ @ ! , ! = , ? & " % '$ ' ? ' $ [8]. • A # ! " ! L & ' '% & ! A , # $% ! @ % @ '$ " # ; [ # , " $ @ – ? & '- " @ $ ( & % A = ) = != ' 'A ' ? ' $ " # A A [8]; • ? ! " !; • ? " ! A " ; • ] - % " ! [3, 8]; • ? = A % " ! [8]. e " " ! ! . x$" , % " , & ' A # , ! "! A " $ " # '"_ " , = , & A # ' # != % != ' " , ' # [9]. B & $ @ # A L ' A " # . i % # ! $ ! # , A '$ " # != L ' , $ ! ! ! A ' " !& " . ? ! ' A ' ! , ! = , & ' " $ $ ! L = $ & ' A " .i 1996 A '( '$ @ 1998 A.) A # "_ != "! # " , '% L # UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce [11]. 2000 A. w "
  • 5. K ' [13]. A ' & ! ' " '$ = ' A " & @ ' . K A # " Internet " % !, Internet-' 'A # @ , & ' # $ $ . w " , ' & . Internet A ' ! = , ' # ! A ' ! A !, A A != & != & ' # % ! . $ 2000 A. & A # '% 'B ' # " $ A . i '% A " '& ! = = L [ $ % A # , '% ' & != '&" " 130 . ? " , % @ A !% & , ' ' '$ “ % ” ' !: , 'A "' A , ! "!% #'$ & % & != & . ! ! & ! '&" " “ ' !=” ' 'A. ? ' ! ' ! "' ' ! "' ' , = % , A " # - A # ( , " “? ” ef) $ ! L ' '$ " ! . ! A ' ' $ ' ! (BpO, !, Q ), & A $ & ' " . i " # , $ ! L " ' !" – A , A' '$ ' - & & ! ( ' & ' , ' & , ' & ,% # ! "! # ). % % , # = # ( Internet ) Bn - " - % & -'% , ' @ ' ' !, # " #! @ != L . , % = = Bn " $ L " 5 A ' ' . n ' K' e f ' # " - @ , A , #& , ' . K . '" Internet f A ! # A e 2001 - 2006 A ! % , % # A L = @ != = A Internet, A ! # A != . f A ! ' 'A A A & ' '$ % '$ ' A # & ! " # ' A # A , # A ' " = = A != , $% # # , & , ' . " & ! % ! # % , ! L = ? A !, $ : 5 “ A $ # ”, ! & = "! L A BBBe " @ != = A . , & “ A $ =” A = – # & #" & A = L " , ! # A # !L .
  • 6. • f " #! ! A '% & ' A # A # , • e L A # - A " % A , " "! ' = '% A != L A " % "! # ' = # != . 20 " 2000 A. ? e '" ] # " ' != % Internet, # " != ! ' - K' ' [ A L. ## A , ' # & # $% # A % = % # $ ! .K ' ' ,% A - , ' Internet 'A = ' != . & A # ,# ! ! " # ! % ' '$ A ' . A " = % UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. " A ' '$ . ,% # # " # % , ' " ' ! " .g "_ ,% = A #' '$ @ ' L & ' '% A != . | ' " , # # A A , A " A % % @ != != " . " " = $ != # . " % " # % # = # % = A @ . , CyberPlat @' ' # ! ASSIST. ? ! ? ' $ @ % , ! @ $ ? . '% A ? ' $ @ '$ % # A ? '. ? # # ( "= % # # ! ! " '$ = " =) % ? ' ' ' % ? , ! ? ' $. B " '& A , # L . , ' " ! . B ! # , % ' A Internet- ' ' , & A "= , A = % , = . #' Internet- " $ L' ' & . K A % "! ' # " != " "= A " ! " . ? " '& UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce % , % # @ != = A , !% = , # "= - ' #A ' ' L , “ ! ' ”, “ ! ' ”, “ = ! ' ( A )”. e A L A # $ ! ', % "! # # @ , @ , % A "' & A ' . # UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce – ' # “ !=” ' ( "' & ) # != ' . , & "= # '$ $ % '$ ' @ .
  • 7. E 2001 A. A ' & ! # ! d @ K w [12]. ? @ $ % !, ' "! ' , # L % $ % = " . "= # , % ! A ' & ! ' A ' ! " # (L } BpO 01.05.1995 A.) '& ' " " ! # ! !. ? = A @ # % # A 'A A # - d @ ! != $% . B ' '$ = @ $ # ! A # , VeriSign, EnTrust, Microsoft, Thawte, RSA, ATT. g ! '$ @ ! # A & , % ( ) . # $ '$ '% " ' # ' '$ = != & L '$ " # 6. B ! & ' ! ' ' ! ( & "! ' A ' ! & ) # ' " ! @ $% @ ' '$ @ ' ' ' . K ! A # & ! L = % ' ' !, # ' '$ = @ . E & !L A # @ ' % ! (“ & ”) ! @ , " # , A ' ' # @ [5]. e f '& % " # $@ @ ' ' !' @ ! @ ( # " ! ! @ ! # " " @ ") A $ @ ! != " != A != , #' != # @ . ? ! # A " '& !. i p 1999 A % " ' WISEKey (World International Secure Electronic Key), # % # % ! % != @ $ " % " # A # A . - # = % ' ' ! A L " . E & $, % % # $ % & ' ! # ' '$ # .i n “ @ ” ' . B A ' '$ ' n & ' ' fen $" & "! @ ' ' # @ , . . " '% $ # L A A , ' # A "! # ! @ ! '% & . '% % % & ( ). a ' != # != ' , , % ' $ ' , ! ' n , “ " '% ” “ @ ” L $ # $% $ . A A & @ '& " % $ '$ = @' :' # $% , ' @' , @' @ # @' .E % $ , , % @ ' # ! @' 6 = @ "! "_ ,% $ 2000 A. "' ' ! ! ! " # A w ! BpO, @ " L ' .
  • 8. " % $ " L , % "!% , nE fen @ % # " % # = A @ ! ' [1, 2]. E & $, % % ! # % ! A ' # !, $ # A “ ! ” ( ! ' ' " , . .) L ! A % " #!, & ' ! $ - = % L " . E A , # A , # A # , = ' '$ '. * + , - . + / 0 . 1 2 3 /. 4 : 1. ? A ' # # != # @ , ' ; = 2. ? ! '& ! # ! ! # != " & ! "! ' @ !; 3. # ' '$ # A L A , Internet " & # % ; 4. ? A # @ , ' = "= % " $ ' , A @ , @ != = A , A , % "! ! ! " $ Internet. g & # #" & ' ! A ! = 'A ; 5. E A , "= != & ' != A " & & A ; 6. B # # & A A A # L , # $ = @' . 5 , 1. OA . ? A' A ' " , @ , : ! n // ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] ,2 " 1999 A. 2. OA . ` @ ( ) : - #// ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] , 28-29 " 2000 A. B.33 – 36. 3. O ., ? . g - A " # ?// i # ! '% - % @ "? ! = A A >>I ", E L , 2000. B. 29 – 31 4. }. ? " !# ! ' # e' // ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] , 28-29 " 2000 A. B. 39 – 41.
  • 9. 5. E' ! O. Q @ ' ' != A @ % = # ! @ // Acta Academia, E L , 1999. B.135 – 142 6. . B - = A ! & Q // E .15 " 1997 A. (http://www.dekart.com/publ/smintrn3/smintrn3.html) 7. O. ? ' != // ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] , 28-29 " 2000 A. B. 8- - 82. 8. ? . ? & ' ! " % : " ! // i # ! ] & ' A # ' "] $ $ - # @ !". E L , 1999. B. 91 - 92. 9. i @ K. ? Q : " " ! A A' // ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] , 28-29 " 2000 A. B. 117 – 119. 10. a . ` $% A ' - & Q : $! % " !// ] ! @ “? Q : ”, ] , 28-29 " 2000 A. B. 126 – 128. 11. UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce 12. Directive 1999/93/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December on a Community framework for electronic signatures 13. Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce in the Internal Market ? A ] = % = ' , L '% ! ' , ' E “Dekart”. O 25 '" != " ( % A @ ). e 16 @ 1966 A. e-mail: petrova@dekart.com